1.1 Review of Literature: 1.article On: Opportunities For E-Commerce

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1.

1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1.ARTICLE ON: OPPORTUNITIES FOR E-COMMERCE:

Author Young Jun Choi1, Chung Suk Suh(2005)

ABSTRACT -Reported that the development of the internet in the 20th century led to the birth
of an electronic marketplace or it is called e-marketplace, which is now a kernel of electronic
commerce (e-commerce). An e-marketplace provides a virtual space where sellers and buyers
trade with each other as in the traditional marketplace. Various kinds of economic transactions
and buying and selling of goods and services, as well as exchanges of information, take place in
e-marketplaces. E-marketplaces have become an alternative place for trading. Finally, an e-
marketplace can serve as an information agent that provides buyers and sellers with information
on products and other participants in the market. These features have been reshaping the
economy by affecting the behavior of buyers and sellers.

E-business

E-business affects the whole business and the value chains in which it operates. It enables a
much more integrated level of collaboration between the different components of a value chain
than ever before. Adopting e-Business also allows companies to reduce costs and improve
customer response time. Organizations that transform their business practices stand to benefit
immensely from innumerable new possibilities brought about by technology
(www.ficci.com/sectors/task-forces/e-business/e-business.htm).

E-commerce as anything that involves an online transaction. This can range from ordering
online, through online delivery of paid content, to financial transactions such as movement of
money between bank accounts. One area where there are some positive indications of e-
commerce is financial services. Online stock trading saw sustained growth throughout the period
of broadband diffusion.  E-shopping is available to all these who use a computer. Over the past
year Amazon.Com, ebay India, Indiatimes have seen a rapid growth in categories such as mobile
handsets, jewellery, fashion apparel, books, gift items and other items.

Naukri.com – India's premier recruitment site has captured around 50% of the recruitment
market.

ICICIDIRECT.com - Stock trading simplified, Icicidirect.com is today the country's premier


trading portal.

Baaze.com the country's premier shopping site started as an auction site and graduated to be the
most popular platform-shopping site.
Irctc.com - One of the best things about this site is that a credit card is not an essential
requirement for buying tickets here. Instead the site offers a direct debit facility having tied with
most of the popular banks (www.rajindraflorist.com).

It is being estimated that the online travel market in India was estimated at $300 million in 2005
and has crossed $750 million in 2006. By 2008, it is expected to exceed $2
billion( http://www.m-travel.com/news/2006/10/online_travel_m.html).

Young Jun Choi1, Chung Suk Suh (2005) reported that the economic consequences of the death
of geographical distance due to the emergence of e-marketplaces. It has shown that overcoming
spatial barriers by means of e- marketplaces lowers the price level. Since e-marketplaces achieve
economies of scale by aggregating dispersed demands, they allow the economy to have more
varieties that did not exist before their emergence.

ARTICLE ON E-COMMERCE INTEGRATION

AUTHOR -Zabihollah Rezaee, Kenneth R. Lambert and W. Ken Harmon (2006)

ABSTRACT -Reported that the rationale for infusion of e-commerce education into all business
courses is that technological developments are significantly affecting all aspects of today's
business. An e-commerce dimension can be added to the business curriculum by integrating e-
commerce topics into existing upper-level business courses. Students would be introduced to e-
commerce education and topics covered in a variety of business courses in different disciplines
e.g. accounting, economics, finance, marketing, management, management information systems.
To help assure that all related business courses in all disciplines such as e.g., accounting, finance,
economics, marketing, management, information systems pay ARR proper attention to the
critical aspects of e-commerce, certain e-commerce topics should be integrated into existing
business courses.

ARTICLE ON E-COMMERCE AND E-INSURANCE

AUTHOR Prithviraj Dasgupta and Kasturi Sengupta (2002)

ABSTRACT BY -Reported that the recent growth of Internet infrastructure and introduction of
economic reforms in the insurance sector have opened up the monopolistic Indian insurance
market to competition from foreign alliances. Although the focus of e-commerce has been
mainly on business to consumer (B2C) applications, the emphasis is now shifting towards
business to business (B2B) applications. The insurance industry provides an appropriate model
that combines both B2C and B2B applications.

Traditional insurance requires a certificate for every policy issued by the insurance company.
However, paper certificates encumber problems including loss, duplication and forging of the
certificate. The conventional certificate is now replaced with an electronic certificate that can be
digitally signed by both the insurer and the insurance company and verified by a certifying
authority.

Online policy purchase is faster, more user-friendly and definitely more secure than the  
traditional processes. Therefore it is more attractive to the insurer. At the same time it incurs less
cost and requires fewer resources than traditional insurance and is therefore more profitable for
the insurance company.

E-insurance also makes the insurance procedure more secure since the policy details are stored
digitally and all transactions are made over secure channels. These channels provide additional
market penetration that is absent in traditional channels and help in earning more revenue than
\traditional insurance processes.

ARTICLE ON FUTURE MEDIA OF E-COMMERCE

AUTHOR Atric Barwise (2001)

ABSTRACT -Reported that Probability 99% of e-commerce today is done using PCs either
desktops or laptops. For B2B e-commerce this is unlikely to change .For B2C e-commerce
however, things will be more complex. There will be wider range of relevant media, including
interactive digital TV, and a range of mobile and wireless services. There will be huge difference
between different consumers' ownership of equipment and access technology. Some will have
broad band access and others have no digital communication at all.

Current and future B2C digital media Digital media able to support consumer e-commerce can
be grouped under five main headings, with in the home PCS, IDTV and with in next five years a
range of other online device such as games, computers, utility meters etc. In summary, the online
PC is well established while the other B2C digital media are still emerging.

ARTICLE ON ECONOMICS ISSUES RAISED BY THE E-COMMERCE


FOR THE WTO AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY.

AUTHOR Arvind panagariya(2000)

ABSTRACT Reported that access to e-commerce, which in the WTO parlance often means
access to e-exports, has two components that must be distinguished sharply: access to internet
services and access to services that can be traded electronically. The former deals with to access
to Internet infrastructure while the latter relates to specific commitments in electronically
tradable services.

E-commerce offers unprecedented opportunities to both developing and developed countries. In


the short run, the gains are likely to be concentrated in developed countries have more to benefit.
This is because, in the short run, developing countries lack the infrastructure necessary to take
full advantage of Internet. For many countries, especially developing ones, in these countries,
most consumers do not have computers or Internet access. A likely scenario, therefore, is one in
which a handful of independent entrepreneurs will receive the product by Internet, convert it into
physical form such as CDs and sell the latter to consumers. But this activity may itself be costly,
using up real resources.  But in the long run, they can leapfrog, skipping some of the stages in the
development of information technology through which developed countries have had to pass.

Some efficiencies issues must be addressed. The issue of tariffs, which are applicable to products
imported in physical form but not when transmitted electronically. As long as the cost of
electronic transmission is lower than that of physical delivery, the presence of tariffs on the latter
poses no problem. Effectively, the electronic transmission offers the product to the country at a
price lower than that available through physical delivery.

ARTICLE ON ETHICAL ISSUES:

AUTHOR Jackie Gilbert Bette Ann Stead (2001),

ABSTRACT Reported the following ethical issues related to e-commerce.

1) Privacy

Privacy has been and continues to be a significant issue of concern for both current and
prospective electronic commerce customers. With regard to web interactions and e- commerce
the following dimensions are most salient:

(1) Privacy consists of not being interfered with, having the power to exclude; individual

privacy is a moral right.

(2) Privacy is "a desirable condition with respect to possession of information by other persons
about him/herself on the observation/perceiving of him/herself by other persons"

2) Security concerns

In addition to privacy concerns, other ethical issues are involved with electronic commerce. The
Internet offers unprecedented ease of access to a vast array of goods and services. The rapidly
expanding arena of "click and mortar" and the largely unregulated cyberspace medium have
however prompted concerns about both privacy and data security.

3) Other ethical issues

Manufacturers Competing with Intermediaries Online "Disintermediation," a means eliminating


the intermediary such as retailers, wholesalers, outside sales reps by setting up a Website to sell
directly to customers. Disintermediation include (1) music being downloaded directly from
producers (2) authors distributing their work from their own Web sites or through writer co-
operatives..
ARTICLE ON E-COMMERCE INTEGRATION

Beside many an advantages offered by the education a no. of challenges have been posed to the
recent education system.

AUTHOR Zabihollah Rezaee, Kenneth R. Lambert and W. Ken Harmon(2006)

ABSTRACT- Reported that E-commerce Integration assures coverage of all critical aspects of e-
commerce, but it also has several obstacles. First, adding e-commerce materials to existing
business courses can overburden faculty and students alike trying to cope with additional subject
matter in courses already saturated with required information. Second, many business faculty
members may not wish to add e-commerce topics to their courses primarily because of their own
lack of comfort with technology-related subjects. Third and finally, this approach requires a great
deal of coordination among faculty and disciplines in business schools to ensure proper coverage
of e-commerce education.

ARTICLE ON OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING

AUTHOR- Diana Obligor (2001)

ABSTRACT-Reported that one is that education and continuous learning have become so vital
in all societies that the demand for distance and open learning will increase. As the availability of
the Internet expands, as computing devices become more affordable, and as energy requirements
and form factors shrink, e-learning will become more popular. In addition to the importance of
lifelong learning, distance education and e-learning will grow in popularity because
convenience \and flexibility are more important decision criteria than ever before. E learning will
become widely accepted because exposure to the Internet and e-learning often begins in the
primary grades, thus making more students familiar and comfortable with online learning. In
fact, for many countries, distance education has been the most viable solution for providing
education to hundreds of thousands of students.

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