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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as microprocessor-based controllers that monitor input signals and control outputs based on a stored user program. The key components of a PLC are described including input/output modules, a CPU module, memory, and a power supply. PLCs operate in different modes like program, monitor, and run modes. Common PLC programming software and languages like ladder logic are also overviewed. Advantages of PLCs over traditional relay systems are provided.

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101 views4 pages

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as microprocessor-based controllers that monitor input signals and control outputs based on a stored user program. The key components of a PLC are described including input/output modules, a CPU module, memory, and a power supply. PLCs operate in different modes like program, monitor, and run modes. Common PLC programming software and languages like ladder logic are also overviewed. Advantages of PLCs over traditional relay systems are provided.

Uploaded by

Rubaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)

INTRODUCTION TO PLC
PLC is a microprocessor-based controller with input/output circuitry that monitors the status of field
connected input and controls the attached output actuators such as motor,solenoid,control valve according
to a user created program stored in the memory.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION OF PLC


 Digital Input Modules
 Digital Output Modules
 Analog Input Module
 Analog Output Module
 CPU Module
 RAM:It consists of input memory, output memory and program memory.
 ROM:It holds the operating system/Executive program of PLC.
 Microprocessor: It make output according to stored user program and sends it to output memory.

 Power Supply Module


 Program Loader or Programmer

OPERATING MODES OF PLC


PROGRAM MODE: It is used for preparing new program or modifications/corrections to existing
program. In this mode, the PLC does not execute the program.
MONITOR MODE: This mode allows a running program tobe edited and monitored while connected
during development.
RUN MODE: It is used to execute the program that has been entered into the PLC . No changes can be
made to be internal data in this mode.

PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE OF PLC


Every brand of PLC has its own software. Here is the list of software of different PLC.

Brand Software Manufacture


Omron Cx-Programmer Japan
Allen Bradley RS-Logix500 USA
Mitsubishi Gx-Works2 Japan
Siemens Step7 TIA Portal V15 Germany
Yokogawa Logic Designer , FAST TOOLS Japan
ADVANTAGES OF PLC OVER RELAY SYSTEM
o Reduce wiring work.
o Easier to make changes.
o Relays are greatly reduced.
o Modification can be quite easy without changing of I/O wiring .
o Self-diagnostic functions enable easy and fast troubleshooting of the system.
o Hardware timers are greatly reduced.
o Applications can be immediately documented.
o Faster to make changes.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC

Figure: PLC Block Diagram


SCANNING SEQUENCE OF PLC
After transferring the user program to PLC, it is to be switched into Run/Monitor mode. In this
mode, microprocessor of PLC starts scanning the input memory, program memory and update
output memory sequentially.

User program is executed repeatedly as long as the PLC is in Run/Monitor mode.

Figure: Scanning Sequence of PLC

LADDER DIAGRAM
 Ladder diagram, better known as ladder logic, is a programming language used to
program PLCS. PLCs are digital computers used to perform control functions, usually for
industrial applications. OF the various languages one can use to program a PLC , ladder
logic is the only one directly modeled after electromechanical relay systems.

 It uses long rungs laid out between two vertical bars representing system power. Along
and rungs are contacts and coils, modeled after present switches or push-buttons; the coils
behave as outputs such as a light or a motor. Outputs don’t have to be physical, though,
and can represent a single bit in the PLCs memory. This bit can then be used latter on in
the code as another input. Contacts are placed in series to represent AND logic and in
parallel when using OR logic , there are normally open contacts and normally closed
contacts.
EXAMPLE: MOTOR ON OFF USING LADDER DIAGRAM

Device type Device name Address Remark


Input Start 0.00 Start button(NO)
Stop 0.01 Stop button (NO)
Output C1 1.00 Magnetic contactor

PROGRAMMIMG LANGUAGES OF PLC


 Ladder diagram
 Statement List(STL)
 Functional Block Diagram
 Structured Text(ST)

FUNCTION OF PROGRAMMING DEVICES


A programing device/Program loader is used to enter the desired program into the memory of the
processor. Program Loader is usually not permanently connected to a particular PLC and can be
moved from one PLC to the next without disturbing the operations.

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