Centre Candidate

03
Number Number

SOLOMON ISLANDS SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

2008

SCIENCE

FRIDAY 19th SEPTEMBER 8.00 AM TIME: 3 Hours Plus 10 Minutes

Reading time

SECTION CONTENT MARK

A 30 Multiple Choice Questions 30

B 10 Short Answer Questions 100
C 3 Long Answer Questions 30
------
160

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

1. Do NOT open this booklet until told to do so. The invigilator will tell you when
to begin the exam.

2. Calculators may be used.

3. This exam paper consists of THREE Sections. Attempt ALL questions.

4. Write your answers in the space provided after each question in this booklet.

5. Make sure both your centre number and candidate number are written in the
spaces provided at the top right corner.

THIS BOOKLET SHOULD CONTAIN 40 NUMBERED PAGES.

 FORMULA AND DATA

1. Listed below are some formulae that may be of use to you.

F = ma Wt = mg W = Fd

V = IR Power = VI Eelectrical = VIt

m
EPotential = mgh EKinetic = ½ mv2 ρ (density) =
V

Work .done ∆v
Power = Time.taken a= A1V1 = A2V2
∆t

dis tan ce
v = λf speed = time
F
Qheat = mc∆T Ppressure = ρhg Pressure = A

2. Take g = 10 m s-2, where appropriate.

3. The mass number and atomic number of the first 20 elements of

the periodic table are provided.

Element Mass number Atomic number

Hydrogen 1 1
Helium 4 2
Lithium 7 3
Berrylium 9 4
Boron 11 5
Carbon 12 6
Nitrogen 14 7
Oxygen 16 8
Fluorine 19 9
Neon 20 10
Sodium 23 11
Magnesium 24 12
Aluminium 27 13
Silicon 28 14
Phosphorus 31 15
Sulfur 32 16
Chlorine 35 17
Argon 40 18
Potassium 39 19
Calcium 40 20

1
 Section A: Multiple Choice Questions
Select a LETTER (A, B, C, D), which corresponds to the best answer and then
put a circle around it.

1. The electronic configuration of 2, 1 belongs to

A. Hydrogen
B. Lithium
C. Sodium
D. Potassium

2. The correct general equation for the reaction between an acid and a
metal is

A. Acid + metal → salt + water

B. Acid + metal → salt + oxygen
C. Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
D. Acid + metal → salt + vapour

3. The atomic number and mass number of an element are usually

written in the following shorthand ways (as for Fluorine below:)

19
F
9

What is the total number of neutrons in Fluorine element?

A. 9
B. 10
C. 19
D. 28

2
Use the information below to answer Q4:
In one of your laboratory practical you were asked to test two (2) colorless
solutions labeled (“A” & “B”) using the following four (4) indicators:
• Indicator 1:(Blue litmus paper),
• Indicator 2: (Red litmus paper),
• Indicator 3: (Phenolphthalein), and
• Indicator 4: (universal indicator.)

During the practical you observed and recorded color changes. According to
your analysis you correctly re-labeled them as:
Solution “A” –is an acid &
Solution “B”- is an alkali

4. Which of the following were your observations, hence your conclusions

above?

INDICATORS
Blue litmus Red litmus Phenolpthalein Universal
indicator
A Remained Turned blue Colourless in Turned red in
blue in in solution “B” solution “B” solution “B”
solution “B”
B Turned red Turned blue Turned pink in Turned pink in
in solution in solution “B” solution “A” solution “B”
“A”
C Turned red Remained red Colourless in Turned yellow in
in solution in solution “A” solution “A” solution “B”
“A”
D Remained Turned blue Turned blue in Turned purple in
blue in in solution “B” solution “B” solution “B”
solution “B”

5. Graphite and Diamond are two (2) allotropes of carbon element. Their
properties that make them to become useful materials for man are?

ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
Graphite (used in pencil) Diamond (a precious mineral)
A Dark grey, shiny & solid Conducts electricity
B Colourless, transparent, Does not conduct electricity
crystal & sparkles
C A very hard material Soft and slippery
D Dark grey, shiny & solid Colourless, transparent,
crystal & sparkles

3
6. A form five (5) student of TTS High School observed reactions
between metals and acids demonstrated by her science teacher. Small
pieces of four different metals (W, X, Y, & Z) were put into four (4)
separate test-tubes of dilute hydrochloric acid.

She recorded her results as shown in the table below:

Metals Observations
W Fewer bubbles only formed. Reaction is slow. Some
hydrogen gas formed
X Many bubbles formed. Reaction is very vigorous. Hydrogen
gas formed
Y Some bubbles formed. Reaction is vigorous. Hydrogen gas
formed
Z Some bubbles formed. Reaction is less vigorous. Some
hydrogen gas formed

Which conclusive statement about the reactivity series of metals and

acids in the above reactions is correct?

A. W represents Magnesium
B. X represents Calcium
C. Y represents Potassium
D. Z represents Sodium

7. Your teacher told you to design two tests to find out the properties of
gases. The tests designed and carried out are called test “X” and “Y”.
Test “X” is called the “pop-sound” test, and test “Y” is the “lighted-
splint” test.

What gases were meant to test for in the above tests?

Test “X” (Pop-sound) Test “Y” (Lighted-

splint)
A Oxygen Hydrogen
B Hydrogen Oxy-haemoglobin
C Hydrogen Oxygen
D Oxygen Nitrogen

4
Use the following information to answer Q8:

The first two (2) members of the ALKANE and ALKENE family are shown
below with their chemical formulae:

ALKANE family
1. Ethane- C2H6, & 2. Propane- C3H8

ALKENE family
1. Ethene- C2H4, & 2. Propene- C3H6

8. Which of these is the correct GENERAL FORMULA for ALKANES?

A. C2H2n + 2
B. C2H2n + n
C. CnH2n + 2
D. CnH2n

9. The destruction of the ozone layer in our atmosphere would result in

increased incidence of skin cancer on humans because it will

A. increase more-harmful ultra-violet radiation to be reflected into

the atmosphere
B. increase less-harmful ultra-violet radiation to be reflected into
the atmosphere
C. increase more- harmful ultra-violet radiation reaching human
skins
D. increase less-harmful ultra-violet radiation reaching human
skins

10. A 6 year old boy wanted to carry a bag of sand from the beach to his
house but it was too heavy for himself to carry. Approximately, the
bag has a mass of 10kg. Which statement below is true about the
relationship between the mass and force of gravity of the bag?

A. The mass of the bag of sand on the moon would be larger than
10kg
B. The mass of the bag of sand on the moon would be lower than
10kg
C. The weight of the bag of sand on the beach is 100N
D. The weight of the bag of sand on the moon is 100N

5
11. One simple manufacturing machine produces 100 Joules of energy
per second. What would be its power in Watts (W)?

A. 36 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 360 watts
D. 1000 watts.

12. The function of a pulley system is to

A. reduce time
B. reduce energy
C. reduce load
D. reduce effort

13. In our villages both men and women involve in a lot of activities for
their families. Energy is being expended while doing these activities.
Remember energy cannot be made nor destroyed, but it is
converted/changed from one form to another.

What type of energy transfer occurs when a fisherman pushes his

canoe up the beach?

A. Potential energy to kinetic energy

B. Kinetic energy to potential energy
C. Sound energy to kinetic energy
D. Kinetic energy to chemical energy

14. The handle of a metal spoon held in a hot drink soon gets warm. The
reason for this is

A. Heat passes along the spoon by refraction process

B. Heat passes along the spoon by radiation process
C. Heat passes along the spoon by convection process
D. Heat passes along the spoon by conduction process

6
15. Ohm’s law describes the relationship between the current, voltage
and resistance in a circuit. A student carried out an experiment and
produced a table of results shown below:

Readings Voltage, Current,

V I (amps)
(volts)
1 0 0
2 3 1
3 6 2
4 9 3
5 12 4
The student then correctly concluded that if

A. Constant resistance (voltage increase, current decrease)

B. Constant voltage (increase resistance, current increase)
C. Constant voltage (decrease resistance, current decrease)
D. Constant resistance (voltage increase, current increase)

16. For some rural villagers it is too expensive to afford a kerosene lamp.
Consequently, they resort to using empty bottles of black sauce to
replace the expensive lamp. So what they do is equal amounts of
kerosene and water are poured into the empty bottle resulting
kerosene floating on top of water. When a gauze is tightly placed at
the mouth of the bottle it soaks kerosene and when it is lit it produces
lighting in the night.

A reason why kerosene floats above water is because

A. Kerosene burns, but water does not

B. Water burns but kerosene does not
C. Kerosene is denser than water
D. Water is denser than kerosene

17. A student was given four (4) different sized boxes sitting on the table
to measure and calculate their weights in (N), and areas in (M2). She
recorded her results as shown in the table below:-

Bottom area
Box Type Weight (m2)
(N) in contact with the table
W 15 5
X 50 10
Y 50 5
Z 40 10

7
 Which box is exerting the least pressure on the table?

A. Z
B. Y
C. X
D. W

Use the diagram below to answer

Q18

P Q

Clip R S T

18. Which column of the above tubes is experiencing greatest pressure?

A. S column
B. R column
C. Q column
D. P column

19. A ship in front of a cliff sounds one blast of its horn. Later an echo is
heard. The echo is caused by _____________ of sound waves.

A. Radiation
B. Reflection
C. Refraction
D. Conduction

8
 Use the diagram below (Figure “A”) to answer Q20

Figure “A”:

A diagram image in a plane mirror of a clock showing

time of 2.35

20. The correct time is

A. 2.25
B. 2.35
C. 6.45
D. 9.25

21. Which of the following specifically describes where a gene can be

found?

A. in the cell
B. in the nucleus
C. on the chromosome
D. on the membrane

22. According to Darwinian theory of evolution “survival of the fittest”

means

A. An organism must train the ways of life so that it can be fit

B. An organism that is able to produce lot of offspring though the
environment is harsh
C. An organism that has all the necessary adaptations to enable it
to survive the harsh natural environment.
D. An organism that is fit to survive before natural disasters occur

9
23. Which of these correctly describes how bacteria and virus reproduce?

Bacteria Virus
A Living host Budding
B Binary fission Living host
C Fragmentation Living host
D Budding Binary fission

Refer to photograph “A” below to answer Q24.

24. Infectious disease can be transmitted in more than one method. You
would identify the above method of disease transmission as

A. Direct transmission
B. Indirect transmission
C. Close transmission
D. Disclose transmission

Refer to equation below to answer Q25.

The general equation of photosynthesis process can be
represented as:
P
A + B C + D
Q

Note: - the function of Q is the absorption of sunlight

25. You would state the function of P in the above equation as the source
of

A. food
B. air
C. vapour
D. heat energy

10
26. Under which condition photosynthesis process would least occur?

A. rainy
B. sunny
C. windy
D. both A & C

27. During homeostasis metabolic process waste products are removed

while useful substances are re-absorbed into the body. Which
materials are being removed and which materials are being re-
absorbed?

Substances Removed Substances Re-absorbed

A Excess Sugar Salt
B Vitamin Anti-bodies
C Salt Vitamin
D Anti-bodies Amino acids

28. There are more than one way in which living organisms in the
ecosystem interact with each other. One such way is called
“Mutualism” relationship. Which of the following examples can be
used to best describe this type of relationship?

A. an eagle feeding on a dead rat

B. a sea anemone and clown fish in the sea
C. flies feeding on a decomposing dead animal body
D fern-tree growing on the branch of a large tree

29. The most accurate sampling method to estimate the population of a

particular grass species in the school’s sports field is called

A. Quadrat method
B. Straight Line method
C. Line-transect method
D. Mark-recapture method

30. Which list shows abiotic factors which form part of the environment
of the sea-grass?

A. Sand, wave, and sea snake

B. Wind, salt, and air
C. Salt, wave, and rubbish dumped in the sea
D. Wave, light, and birds

END OF SECTION A.

11
 SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Answer ALL Questions. Write your answers in this Section in the spaces
provided.

Question 31:
(a) Refer to part of the periodic table given below to answer questions (i) and
(ii).

VIII

Period 1 H He
I II III IV V VI VII

Period 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne

Period 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Period 4 K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

List at-least two (2) elements:

(i) that have only one (1) electron in the outermost shell of their
atomic structure.
Element 1:_______ (use symbols only):

Element 2:_______ (use symbols only): [1 mark]

(ii) that have four (4) shells in their electron diagram

Element 1__________ (use chemical symbols only):

Element 2__________ (use chemical symbols only): [1 mark]

(b) P, Q and R represent three atoms with the following number of

protons and neutrons.

Atom P contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons

Atom Q contains 19 protons and 20 neutrons
Atom R contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons

(i) Which two (2) atoms above have similar chemical properties as
described above?
Atom 1:_____ Atom 2: ____ [1 mark]

12
 (ii) Explain how your chosen atoms are chemically similar.
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) Ionic bonds are usually found in compounds that contain metals
combined with non-metals. When this type of bond is formed
electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal
atoms during the chemical reaction.

(i) Show a simplified diagram of ionic bonding when electrons are

transferred between sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) atoms in the box
below:
Sketch Sodium atom and Chlorine Sketch ions formed after electron is
atom (showing no. of cells and transferred and indicate their
electrons). Use an arrow to indicate charges.
electron transfer.
Sodium atom Sodium ion

Chlorine atom Chlorine ion

[1 mark]

(ii) Name the ionic compound formed._______________________________

[1 mark]

13
(d) When natural gas burns in a plentiful supply of air it produces a large
amount of energy. The word equation given below shows the reactants
and products of this reaction.

Methane + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + Heat Energy

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

________ + _________  ________ + ________ + Heat Energy

[4 marks]

Qn 31 10

Question 32:
(a) When a base reacts with an acid, a SALT is formed.

(i). Name another product that is ALWAYS formed in this type of

reaction._____________________________________________ [1 mark]

(ii). This process is called _______________________________ [1 mark]

(iii). Complete the equation below when Copper Oxide (a base)

reacts with Sulphuric Acid.

Copper Oxide + Sulphuric Acid __________ + ____________

[2 marks]

(b) (i). Explain what is an ALLOY

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

14
 An Alloy called Duralumin contains 90% aluminium, 4% copper, and
1% magnesium, manganese, and iron.
(ii) State its useful properties and uses.
Properties: ________________________________________________________
Uses:____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) Stainless steel is another alloy. Some cars that are brought into the
country have stainless steel exhaust systems.

(i). Why do you think more people are buying these type of cars?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(d) In agricultural activities some elements found in the periodic table

play a vital role in increasing production. They are found in bags of
fertilizer. One such bag is called the Triple Super-phosphate.

(i). Name the element in this fertilizer________________ [1 mark]

(ii). State whether it is a metal or non-metal___________ [1 mark]

Qn 32 10

Question 33:
(a) Biotechnology makes use of micro-organisms such as enzymes for the
benefit of humans. Some products of biotechnology are bread,
yoghurt, wine and beer.

(i). Name the basic process in which bread baking, wine and beer making
are done.____________________________ process [1 mark)

15
(ii). Describe (by filling in the missing words) how this process in (i)
above can be done in the laboratory. (Note: You may select suitable
words from the list provided in the table below- a word may be used
more than once)
bacteria, oxygen gas , ethanol, energy, salt, carbohydrate, aerobic,
carbon dioxide gas, yeast, rain, fermentation, sunlight, alcohol, sugar,
protein, anaerobic, nitrogen gas.

A micro-organism called________ is added to the ________ solution. The

________ uses ________ for ________ during ______________ respiration.
This is respiration without _________. And so the ___________ broken
down to give________________ and _________________ gas.
[1mark]

(iii). For the above laboratory process write down its:

a). Word equation:

_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks)

b). Balanced chemical equation:

_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

c) Carbon dioxide gas is produced by burning fossil fuels. It is also

produced by all living organisms that respire using oxygen. For
example, animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide gas.
Two (2) other products are also produced in this process.

For the above chemical process write down its:

(i). Word equation:
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii). Balanced chemical equation:
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
Qn 33
10

16
Question 34:

(a) A block of mass 2000g is pushed along a table with a constant

velocity by a force of 5N. When the push is increased to 9N:-

i). Calculate the resultant force

[1 mark]

ii). Calculate its acceleration

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Explain what Kinetic energy is

[1 mark]

(ii). An object of mass 2kg is moving with a velocity of 3 ms-1.

Calculate its Kinetic energy.

[2 mark]

17
 (c) The graph below represents speed-time graph for a car traveling
along the road from the Honiara market to Point Cruz.

Use the graph above to briefly describe how the car is traveling with
regards to its speed and time.

(i). State the car’s maximum speed?_____________________________[1 mark]

(ii). Calculate distance traveled during the first 10 seconds?

1 mark]
(iii). Calculate the time taken for the whole journey?

[1 mark]

(d). You exerted a force of 100N on the dinning table to move it a distance
of 500 cm (i.e from the sitting room to the dinning room.) It took you
50 seconds to move the table through that distance.

(i). What power is produced when moving the table the distance of 500
cm?

[2 marks]

Qn 34
10

18
Question 35:
(a) A lift at Gold ridge mine carries 750,000g bin of soil 100m up a
vertical shaft to the surface in 40 seconds (s).

(i). Calculate potential energy of the bin as the lift reaches the
surface
(Note: where necessary use g = 10 N/Kg)

[2 marks]

(b). (i). The temperature of a 5kg mass of copper rises from 15 0C to 25 0C

when heated. The specific heat capacity of copper is 400J/kg 0C.
Calculate heat energy required to raise this temperature.

[2 marks]

(ii) Water has specific capacity of 4,200J/kg oC. Other liquid materials
have much lower specific heat capacities than water. Because of this
water is used in the cooling systems of engines. State the advantage of
this?

[2 marks]

19
(c). A lamp on a 240V supply has a current of 0.25A through it.

(i). Calculate the Power the lamp transfers into heat and light each
second.

[2 marks]

Use the graph below to answer Q35 (d):

(d) A block of ice is put into a beaker in the laboratory and goes through
some changes as shown by the graph. By understanding Latent Heat,
briefly explain the different intervals or sections of the graph.

(i). Section A-B:

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii) Section C-D

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ [1 mark]

Qn 35
10

20
Question 36:
(a). Meteorological balloons are filled with hydrogen gas or hot air and on
their release they float into the upper atmosphere. A small radio
transmitter sends signals back to earth.

(i) Use Archimedes’ principle to explain how this works.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________ [4 marks]

Use these diagrams to answer Q(b) below:

DIAGRAM: A DIAGRAM:B

(b) Use your knowledge on Gas and Pressure to explain Diagram “A” & “B”.

(i) Diagram “A”

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

21
(ii) Diagram “B”
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

Study the diagrams below to answer Q (c)

(c) (i).Use your knowledge on Gases and the kinetic theory to explain the
behaviour of gases when its volume in a container is changed as
shown above.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

Qn 36
10

22
Question 37:
(a) There are several different types of waves. However, the two (2) main
types of waves are called Transverse wave and Longitudinal wave.

Explain the differences between these two types of waves.

(i) Transverse wave ____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Longitudinal wave_________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b). Light travels in straight lines in the air. It is bent when enters water or
glass as illustrated in figure 5.4 below:

AIR

WATER

Figure 5.4 A straight stick seems bent in water

(i) By understanding Light and Refraction, briefly explain the reason (s)
for the bending of the stick above.
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

23
(c). A short sighted person can see close objects clearly but not far
objects. A long sighted person can see far objects clearly but not close
objects.

Shown in the boxes below are two (2) diagrams of the above problems:

Short-Sightedness Problem Long-Sightedness Problem

(i) Study the diagrams above and describe the two eye problems above:

(a). Short sightedness problem

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b). Long sightedness problems:

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

24
(ii) Correction of eye problems:

(a) Draw/sketch to show the corrections of the above problems in

the box below.

Short sightedness problem Long sighted problem:

[2 marks]

(iii). Explain the corrections you done above:

a). Short sightedness problem.

____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

b). Long sightedness problems:

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Qn 37 10

25
Question 38:
(a). The fruit
The young pawpaw fruit is developed from its fertilized flower. It then
grows from a smaller sized fruit to a larger sized fruit. When it reaches
its maximum growth size it matures. At this stage we can see the
green fruit starts turning yellow and orange in colour. This is a sign of
fruit ripening.

The seed
Simultaneously, the colour of the seeds inside the fruit turns from
white to black as the fruit ripens. Consequently, when one black
matured seed falls on the ground it germinates (provided the
necessary conditions for germination are present) and grows into
a new young pawpaw plant. On reaching maturity the plant develops
flowers. So when a male pollen from the male flower reaches the
female flower fertilization occurs, and the cycle begins again.

(i) Name the type of cell division taking place in the young pawpaw fruit.
__________________________ cell division. [1 mark]

(ii) Name the type of cell division taking place in the black pawpaw seed.
___________________________ cell division. [1 mark]

(iii) Name the process that allows or enables fertilization process to occur.
___________________________ process. [1 mark]

(iv) Name the part or structure of the female pawpaw flower on which the
male pollen lands before fertilization process takes place.
___________________________ structure. [1 mark]

26
(b) Bacteria reproduce by the process BINARY FISSION.

(i). Complete the table below to describe how a bacterium cell

reproduces through the above process.

TIME (MINUTES) POPULATION SIZE

0 1
20 2
40 4
60
80
100
120
140
160
[2 marks]

27
(ii). Graph the results above on the graph grid provided below. Make sure
that you choose suitable scales for each axis. Label the axes and mark
out the scale for each axis.

[2 marks]

28
(c) Good health depends on three (3) main factors:-

• good nutrition,

• adequate exercise, &

• A healthy mind.

With regards to “good nutrition” compare the advantages of the “Solomon

Islands traditional diet” over the disadvantages of “Western modern diet”

(i) State any two (2) advantages of “Solomon Islands Traditional diet”:

a.__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(ii) State any two (2) disadvantages of “Western modern diet”:

a._________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b._________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

Qn 38
10

29
Question 39:

(a) The diagram below represents the basic elements of food chains in the
marine ecosystem:

Plant Animal Small Large surface

planktons planktons fish feeding fish

(i). State the original energy source for this food

chain:______________________. [1 mark]

(ii). Describe what organism type must always be at the beginning of each
food chain?_________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iii). Which organism is the tertiary consumer?

___________________________ [1 mark]

(b) In one of your practical activity you experimented to find out whether
light is necessary for photosynthesis. Describe how you did this
experiment by answering the following questions:

(i) List all the necessary materials/apparatus required:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[11/2 marks]

30
(ii). Describe the procedure to be carried out:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[11/2 marks]

c). (i). Use your knowledge on “Homeostasis” to describe its importance in

body heating and sweating in mammals
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(d) Name any two (2) homeostatic organs in the body.

(i) Organ A:__________________________
ii) Organ B:__________________________ [2 marks]

Qn 39
10

QUESTION 40:

(a). Environmentalists are very much interested in species population.

Every now and then they take measurements to analyse to see the
rate of increase or decrease of the population of a particular species.
They do this by taking samples.

(i). Explain the term “Population sampling”.

_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

31
(ii). Differentiate between the two (2) sampling methods below:
a). Line-transect method. ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

b). Quadrat method: _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii). State which sampling method above you would choose to take a
sample of the following animals?

Snail:

a). Sampling method:_______________________________

b). Give a reason for your answer above. ________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Forest trees:

a). Sampling method: _________________________________________________

b). Give a reason for your answer above. _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) Our traditional method of gardening; “subsistence shifting

cultivation” characterized by “slash and burn” is seen by others as
one way in which the environment (habitat/species) are destroyed.

(i). List and describe any three (3) ways to justify the above statement:
Way (1):_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

32
 Way (2):_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Way (3):_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________[3 marks]

(d) We rely on the coral ecosystem for some of our daily needs.
(i). List any two (2) needs/or resources you may obtain from it.

a). Need/resource (1)________________________________

b). Need/resource (2) _______________________________ [1 mark]

(ii). List/or describe any two (2) things that you can do or return to the
coral ecosystem that will enhance its growth and sustainability.

a). _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

b). _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

Qn 40 10

END OF SECTION B.

33
 SECTION C: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS.
Write short paragraphs to answer each of the questions in this Section. Use
the space provided after each question to write your answers.

Question 41:

Matter is all the materials found in our world. It may exist, either, as
liquid, solid, or gas. It is made up of very small particles called atoms.
Atoms are building blocks of matter.

With reference to carbon element, describe what a atom is by

answering the following:

(i) Sketch the basic structure of the carbon atom

and label the following parts of the atom:-
• Electron shells
• Nucleus
• Electrons
• Protons, &
• Neutrons

(ii) Use the shorthand method to show its:

o mass number (A) &
o atomic number (Z)

(iii) Refer to the shorthand method above and work out the
number of electrons each carbon atom has (show your
working out.)

(iv) Use an equation to describe a process through which carbon

atoms are being utilized by green plants to benefit other living
organisms on this planet. Name this process.

[10 marks]
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

34
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Qn 41
10

35
Question 42:
Solar-panel is a piece of equipment that converts the sun’s energy into
electrical energy. It is listed as one of the renewable energy resource.

Although people read and admire much about its usefulness in terms of
rural electricity and energy needs, it is quite expensive to afford by villagers.

(a). Describe how electricity is produced in a solar-panel equipment.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using hydro power as an
alternative source of electricity in Solomon Islands?
[10 marks]

i). Explain the meaning of “alternative” source of electricity

(Give at-least one example):
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

ii). Describe briefly how electricity is produced in a solar-panel:

(Hint: You may sketch the set-up if you think it would assist to answer
this question)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

36
 ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

(iii). Explain the advantages and disadvantages (give at-least one (1)
example to support your answer ):

Advantages

a). __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

b). __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Disadvantages

a). __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

37
 b) __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Qn 42 10

Question 43:
Imagine you have assisted a form one (1) student to develop ideas for her
essay on the subject “Mangrove: An important Ecosystem in Solomon
Islands”.
[10 marks]

(i). How did you explain the following parts of the essay?:

a). The primary source of energy.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

b). Living things and non-livings interaction.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

c). Importance of mangrove to man.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

38
d). Results of man’s intervention/destruction of ecosystem.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

e). The recommendations to ensure re-growth of a destroyed mangrove

ecosystem.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Qn 43
10

39
FOR MARKERS USE ONLY

Section Possible Actual Score

Score
A 30

B 1 10

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 10

7 10

8 10

9 10

10 10

C 1 10

2 10

3 10

TOTAL 160

Marker’s Initial

40