Scribd
Upload
279 views1 page

North Luzon Philippines State College: Adal A Dekalidad, Dur-As Ti Panagbiag

1) Burrhus Frederic Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning which explains that behavior is influenced by consequences. 2) Through experiments using animals in a Skinner box, Skinner found that behaviors are strengthened when rewarded and weakened when unrewarded or punished. 3) There are different types of reinforcement schedules that can produce persistent behaviors, including fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules. Punishment aims to reduce behaviors while extinction occurs when unrewarded behaviors stop.

Uploaded by

Adrian Doctolero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
279 views1 page

North Luzon Philippines State College: Adal A Dekalidad, Dur-As Ti Panagbiag

1) Burrhus Frederic Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning which explains that behavior is influenced by consequences. 2) Through experiments using animals in a Skinner box, Skinner found that behaviors are strengthened when rewarded and weakened when unrewarded or punished. 3) There are different types of reinforcement schedules that can produce persistent behaviors, including fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules. Punishment aims to reduce behaviors while extinction occurs when unrewarded behaviors stop.

Uploaded by

Adrian Doctolero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

`

NORTH LUZON PHILIPPINES STATE COLLEGE


Adal a dekalidad, dur-as ti panagbiag.

Subject Code: EDUC 4


Descriptive Title: Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching

CHAPTER IV
Lesson 3: Operant Conditioning
Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s Operant Conditioning is one of the most popular behavioral theories of
all time. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for
behavior. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and
a consequence. B.F. Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an
action and its consequences.

Skinner studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals which he placed in a
'Skinner Box' which was similar to Thorndike’s puzzle box.

Reinforcement. It is anything that strengthens the behavior.


a. Positive Reinforcement. It strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds
rewarding.
b. Negative Reinforcement. It strengthens a behavior by removing an unpleasant reinforcer.

Reinforcement Schedules
1. Fixed Interval Schedule. The time interval is constant from one reinforcement to the next.
2. Variable Interval Schedule. The time interval varies from occasion to occasion before reinforcement
3. Fixed Ratio Schedule. A fixed number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement may
recur.
4. Variable Ratio Schedule. The number of repetitions of the correct response for reinforcement varies.

Variable interval and especially, variable ratio schedules produce steadier and more persistent rates of
response because the learners cannot predict when the reinforcement will come although they know that they
will eventually succeed.

Punishment. It is the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather
than increase it.
a. Positive Punishment. It is an addition of unpleasant stimulus to decrease the behavior.
b. Negative Punishment. It is the removal of rewarding stimulus to decrease the behavior.

Extinction. Responses that are not reinforced are not likely to be repeated.

Programmed Instruction
 It consists of self-teaching with the aid of a textbook or teaching machine that presents material
structured in a logical sequence.
 It allows students to answer questions about a unit or study at their own rate, checking their own
answers and advancing only after answering correctly.

Implications of Skinner’s Operant Conditioning


1. The learning process and environment should be designed to create the minimum
frustration and the maximum satisfaction in a learner.
2. We have to find something which is rewarding for the individual whose behavior we wish to modify, wait
until the desired behavior occurs and immediately reward him when it does.
3. The development of personality can be successfully manipulated through operant
conditioning. 

References:
Bulusan, F., Raquepo, M., Balmeo, M., and Gutierrez, J. (2019). Facilitating learner-centered teaching.
Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Lucas, M.R. and Corpuz, B. (2013). Facilitating learning: a metacognitive process. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
San Nicolas, Candon City, Ilocos Sur Page 1 of 1
www.nlpsc.edu.ph ● [email protected]
Telefax 077-644-0210

You might also like