FINISHING

JANUARY 2020 building

Issue 1 technology
Volume 4
CONTENTS
JANUARY 2020
Issue 1
Volume 4

what's inside this issue

03 04 13 20
introduction floor finishes wall Finishes ceiling finishes
building
technology

INTRODUCTION
jan • 2020

finishing works

finishing works is a fine job in building construction process where  it forms

the beauty of a building. Several types of finishes can be used based on the
materials used, environmental conditions and costs. Finishing of a building can
be divided in several sections:

floor finishing wall finishing ceiling finishing

 FINISHING WORKS

FLOOR
FINISHES

A FLOOR FINISH IS A GENERAL TERM FOR A

PERMANENT COVERING OF A FLOOR. IT IS EXPECTED
TO PROTECT EXTEND THE LIFE OF THE FLOOR WHILE
PROVIDING AN ATTRACTIVE APPEARANCE AND SLIP
RESISTANT SURFACE.
WHAT'S IN A FLOOR FINISH

As many as twenty-five ingredients. Some evaporate while others remain after

drying.
Those that evaporate are "volatile" and those that stay on the floor are "non-
volatile" components.
Ingredients are used to enhance floor finish characteristics like hardness,
gloss, clarity, scuff resistance, slip resistance, buff ability, re-coat ability,
and toughness.
There are five basic
categories of floor finish
ingredients,

1. Polymer Emulsions
2. Film Former's
3. Modifiers
4. Preservatives
5. Water

TYPES
1. Terrazzo Flooring
2. Stone Flooring
3. Timber Flooring
4. Brick Flooring
5. PVC Flooring
6. PCC Flooring
TERRAZZO FLOORING
TERRAZZO IS A FLOORING MATERIAL
TRADITIONALLY MADE BY EXPOSING MARBLE
CHIPS ON THE SURFACE OF CONCRETE AND
THEN POLISHING UNTIL SMOOTH.
HOWEVER TERRAZZO IS NOW AVAILABLE IN
TILE FORM.
IT'S OFTEN USED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
BECAUSE ITS LONG-LASTING AND CAN BE
REFINISHED REPEATEDLY.
IT IS BEST USED FOR FLOORING, WALLS,
COUNTER TOPS, BACKSPLASHES
IT IS A MIXTURE OF CONCRETE, STONE, GLASS,
AND PLASTIC AGGREGATES.
STONE FLOORING
STONE FLOORING IS A TYPE OF FLOORING IN
WHICH THE FLOOR IS COVERED WITH STONE
SLABS OR STONE TILES
IT IS USED IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS BECAUSE OF
IT DURABILITY AND HARDNESS
THERE ARE THREE BASIC TYPE OF ROCK FROM
WHICH WE CARVE OUT STONE FLOORS:
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
IGNEOUS ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
STONE FLOORING IS VERY HARD IN NATURE,
EXTREMELY DURABLE, AND IT HAS VARIETY OF
COLORS.
TIMBER FLOORING
TIMBER  FLOORING IS ANY PRODUCT
MANUFACTURED FROM TIMBER THAT IS
DESIGNED FOR USE AS FLOORING, EITHER
STRUCTURAL OR AESTHETIC.
COMMON CHOICES AS FLOORING MATERIAL
DUE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT PROFILE AND
DURABILITY.
IT IS USED IN INTERIORS AS WELL AS
EXTERIORS.
IT CAN BE SOLID OR ENGINEERED
TIMBER FLOORING IS EASIER TO CLEAN AND
GET HARDER AS THEY AGE, WHICH MAKES
THEM EVEN EASIER TO CLEAN.
HARDWOOD TIMBER FLOORS WILL ALWAYS
LOOK GOOD BOTH IN CONTEMPORARY AND
TRADITIONAL INTERIOR DESIGN.
BRICK FLOORING
BRICK TILE AS ITS COVERING.
THE FLOORING IS DONE WITH LAYING BRICKS
DOWN IN A BED OF MORTAR AND ARRANGED
IN A PATTERN.
COMMONLY USED IN ALLUVIAL PLACES.
THE BRICK FLOORING MAY BE DONE WITH
BRICKS LAID FLAT, OR ON EDGE ARRANGED IN
HEARING-BONE PATTERN, OR SET AT RIGHT
ANGLES TO THE WALLS.
BRICK ON EDGE IS PREFERRED TO BRICK LAID
FLAT BECAUSE THE FORMER BEING LESS
LIABLE TO CRACK UNDER PRESSURE THAN THE
LATTER AND ALSO HAVING THE HIGHER DEPTH
GIVES A GREATER THICKNESS IN THE FORMER
CASE TO RESIST THE MOISTURE PENETRATION.
 PVC FLOORING
PVC FLOORING IS POPULARLY KNOWN AS
VINYL FLOORING. 
IT IS MORE SUITABLE FOR THE COLD CLIMATE.
VINYL FLOORING IS COMPOSED OF
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC), AND ARE MADE
IN LAYERS. IT IS AVAILABLE AS TILES, PLANKS,
OR SHEETS FORM. 
PVC OR VINYL FLOORING COMES IN MANY
DIFFERENT PATTERNS AND STYLES SUCH AS
WOOD.
PVC FLOORING IS DURABLE AS IT IS EASY TO
CLEAN AND MAINTAIN. IT HAS RESISTANT TO
WATER AND MOISTURE PROPERTY AS
COMPARED TO OTHER TYPES OF FLOORING.
IT IS MOSTLY SQUARE AND CAN OFFER THE
LOOK OF REAL STONE OR CERAMIC FLOORS.
 PCC FLOORING
PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING IS A
MIXTURE OF CEMENT, FINE AGGREGATE(SAND)
AND COARSE AGGREGATE WITHOUT STEEL.
PCC IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF A
BUILDING WHICH IS LAID ON THE SOIL
SURFACE TO AVOID DIRECT CONTACT OF
REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE WITH SOIL
AND WATER.
IN PCC FLOORING THE CONCRETE DOES NOT
BOND WITH GROUND SOIL  ( CLAY); PCC ACTS
AS A BARRIER TO SOIL AND BOND WELL TO 
STRUCTURAL GRADE CONCRETE.
PCC FLOORING ARE ECONOMICAL AS THEY
REQUIRE MAINTENANCE COST. IT CAN BE
FINISHED WITH A PLEASING APPEARANCE AND
PROVIDE A SMOOTH AND NON ABSORVENT
SURFACE.
 FINISHING WORKS

WALL
FINISHES

AS THE NAME "WALL FINISHES" ITSELF SUGGEST THAT

IT IS FINISH GIVEN TO THE WALL TO ENHANCE THE
INTERIOR OR EXTERIOR LOOK OF THE STRUCTURE.
WALL FINISHES USED FOR THE INTERIORS ARE QUITE
DELICATE AND NEED MAINTENANCE.
 introduction
Wall finishes provide a decorative skin to conceal building
components including structural members, insulation, duct
work, pipes, and wired.
Walls my make decorating statement, or may be simply
background. In some cases, the combustibility of wall
finishes may be an issue. 
Interior finish consists mainly of the coverings of the rough
walls, ceilings, and floors, and installing doors and windows
with trim and hardware.
Good wall finishes are plumb and straight. Surfaces may be
smooth or texture and better wall finish are durable. Some
wall finishes are versatile, taking decorative finishes such as
stain, paint or wallpaper readily
building
technology
jan • 2020

TYPES OF WALL FINISHES

materials used for wall finishes

wood panelling
It is a decorative treatment done
with wooden panels on the walls in
various designs. The material used
can be plywood or wood covered
with veneer or laminate

cement plastered finish

It is prepared in the form of
mortar with cement, sand and
water in proper proportions and
applied on masonry manually to
achieve a smooth finish or sand
faced finish.

laminate finish
Laminate comes from various
colors and designs. It comes in the
form of sheet and pasted with
fevicol on plywood.
building
technology
jan • 2020

tile cladding
Different tiles, for example, granite,
marble, glazed tiles or vitrified tiles
are used for tile cladding. Tiles are
available in a variety of colors and
shapes. The selection of tiles
depends on the place where it is to
be applied i.e. interior facade or
exterior facade.

marble powder finish

This is a very smooth finish. The
finish looks like Marble Flooring.
This finish is obtained by mortar of
marble powder, white cement and
water. It is applied manually.

sand textured finish

Sand Textured finish is used to
give fine texture to the wall. This
wall finish is not very commonly
used because of its grains coming
out.
building
technology
jan • 2020

Pebbles finish
This a very simple and attractive finish
obtained by pasting small pebbles on
the walls with cement mortar as an
adhesive. Pebbles finish is usually
preferred for exterior facade. It is also
commonly used to give nice flowing
effect to the waterfalls that are created
especially designed for Hotel Interiors
or as a part of Exterior Landscaping.

Canfor Finish
Canfor finish is also known as Faux
finish. This material is used for the
interiors of residences. It adds a unique
aesthetic appeal to the place. It comes
in 6mm thickness and in different
designs. This finish is chosen when a
false finish is to be given. It gives a
stone wall or brick wall effect.

Coral Finish
Coral finish is similar to Plaster of
Paris Finish and Gypsum Plaster
Finish. Coral is the name of a type of
plastering material. It gives a rough
edgy finish.
building
technology
jan • 2020

plaster of paris finish

Plaster of Paris or simply plaster is a
type of building material based on
calcium sulphate hemihydrates. This is
a smooth finish achieved by plaster of
Paris generally applied on internal
walls.

Glass Mosaic Finish

Glass mosaic tiles are small 1”x1” on a
cloth to get a workable size 12”x12” and
this tile is pasted with an adhesive on
wall surfaces. It can also be pasted on
curved surfaces. It comes in different
colors and generally used in swimming
pools.

Stained Glass Finish

It involves lot of creative work. The
glass is decorated with itching,
frosting, glass pasting and finally
coloring with suitable colors
according to the theme. The stained
glass panels are used on walls and
ceilings
building
technology
jan • 2020

Gypsum Plaster Finish

This just like plaster of Paris finish but
gypsum based material is used to
prepare mortar. It is more durable and
finer as compared to Plaster of Paris
Finish.

Designer Mirror Finish

Designer mirrors are obtained by small
pieces on walls to create mural like
design.
 FINISHING WORKS

CEILING
FINISHES

IT IS AN OVERHEAD INTERIOR SURFACE THAT COVERS

THE UPPER LIMITS OF A ROOM.
 01 CEILINGS
Ceiling finishes provide a
decorative skin to conceal building
components.
It hides structural members,
insulation, duct work, pipes, and
wires. Most good ceiling finishes are
flat and straight.
Ceilings can be decorated to taste
and there are many fine examples
of frescoes and art work on ceilings
especially in religious buildings.
It is important because they protect
the electrical and plumbing systems
above it.

Ceilings play a key role in how we feel and interact with a building. People often perceives the
size of a space by what they see below the ceiling, but it's the ceiling itself that can be a huge factor
in how an area appears. High ceilings feel more spacious while low ceilings feel more cozy.  
Look magazine
Oct • 2019

TYPES OF CEILING
the other types of ceiling include the cathedral ceiling, concave or barrel shaped
ceiling, the stretched ceiling and the coffered ceiling.

These are secondary ceilings

suspended from the
structural floor slab above,
creating a void between the
SUSPENDED
underside of the floor slab
and the top of the
CEILING suspended ceiling.
Suspended ceilings are very
popular in commercial
properties as they provide a
useful space for concealing
unsightly wires.
Look magazine
Oct • 2019

A false ceiling is nothing but

a layer of insulation.
It is suspended ceiling
FALSE CEILING between the main ceiling
room.
It gives beautiful
appearance to the interior of
the house.
Look magazine
Oct • 2019

ORDINARY These ceiling are simple, flat

CEILING and barely gets notices.
 REFERENCES
Schwartz, Mel M. Encyclopedia of Materials, Parts and Finishes. Boca Raton: CRC
Press, 2016.

Ching, Frank. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons,
2012.

Mehta, Madan, Walter Scarborough, and Diane Armpriest. Building Construction:

Principles, Materials, and Systems. New York, NY: Pearson, 2018.

Salvan, George Salinda. Architectural Building Materials. Quezon City: JMC Press,

2000.

Editorialteam. (2017, August 10). Types of Finishes Using in Building Construction -

Building Finishes. Retrieved from https://www.constructiontuts.com/types-of-
finishes-building-construction/.

Chang, P.-C., & Swenson, A. (2020, January 10). Interior finishes. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/construction/Interior-finishes.