1.Why u format machine while install os? Because select ntfs or Fat.

2.If no display wat u check?

First check monitor is power on , if monitor on we can get signal in monitor, then check all
power cables, then check ram(90 percent beep sound will come),then check processor(just refix)
then we have to check mother board( usb port problem or vga card and lan card problem also
create no display)

 2x2 or 2x4 Power Connector Not Plugged In 

 Processor Issues 
 Memory Issues 
 Monitor Issues 
 Power Supply and Chassis Issues 
 Cable Issues 
 Electrical Short or Overload 
 Defective Components

3.system performance?

Delte temp and %temp%(internet temp files) and clear unwanted files in c drive then put disc cleanup(it
will clear unnecessary backup files) then if machine in network clear cache( system32 ccm cache )
Then use chkdsk this command used to clear hard disc bad sector issues.

Increase the virtual memeory ( right click my computer --- advanced—virtual memory increase the
value ( ram memory + 25 %)

Then problem contine reinstall os, check network and final need to check system hard disc and ram.

4.Wat is paging file and virtual memory?

If u insal one software , that req memory more than ram, we need to share memory from hard
disc, to do this virtual memory manager will help) this memory is called virtual memory)

5. cache memory --- memory in processor , it store the file which one next to be execute ( like
fifa priority base)
Cache memory used to boost up ram memory.

5. diff bet FAT and NTFS

NTFS
 Allows access local to w2k w2k3 XP win NT4 with SP4 & later may get access for
some file. 
 Maximum size of partition is 2 Terabytes & more. 
 Maximum File size is up to 16TB. 
 File & folder Encryption is possible only in NTFS.
 FAT 32
 Fat 32 Allows access to win 95 98 win millennium win2k xp on local partition. 
 Maximum size of partition is up to 2 TB. 
 Maximum File size is up to 4 GB. 
 File & folder Encryption is not possible.
6.   System is power on, but beep sound occurs. What would be the problem?
One long beep: Memory problem
One long and two short beeps: Video error
One long and three short beeps: Video error
Continuous beeps: Video/memory problem
Other beeps: Check the motherboard manual 

7. How will you convert FAT32 to NTFS?

To convert a volume to NTFS from the command prompt
Open Command Prompt. 
In the command prompt window, type 
convert drive_letter: /fs:ntfs 
For example, typing convert D: /fs:ntfs would format drive D: with the ntfs format.
8. What are primary Partition, Extended Partition and Logical Partition?
A primary partition contains one file system. The first partition (C:) must be a primary
partition.. 
An extended partition is a primary partition which contains secondary partition(s). A hard
disk may contain only one extended partition.. 
Extended partition that is sub divided into many drives is called as Logical partition..

9.   In a computer how many primary partition can be held.

Four Primary partitions can be done... 

10. Difference between Microsoft outlook and Outlook Express.

Microsoft Outlook:
 Files will be saved in .PST Format. 
 Have some Additional Features like Address Book, Contacts, and Remainderetc... 
 Not a free product have to purchase it..
Outlook Express:
 Files will be saved in .DBX Format. 
 Don’t have any additional features. 
 Free product that comes along with the OS Installation.

10.  What is Virus?

Vital Information Resource under Seige.It is an executable Program which Performs
Malicious activities in the system. 

11.  What is Antivirus?

An Antivirus Is a Software that protects the system from Virus Attack.. 
 12.  What is the difference between Delete and Quarantine in Action methodology
for Virus Scanning?
Delete will delete all the virus infected files and Quarantine create a copy from an infected
file and produce a new one.. 

13.  What are the procedures for cleaning an infected virus system?
Unplug the system from the Network if it is in a Network & Scan the System with the
Updated Antivirus.. 

14.  What is SMTP Protocol? What is the port Number used by SMTP?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol which performs all outgoing Mail. The port number is 25. 

15.  What is POP3 Protocol? What is the port Number used by POP3?
Post Office Protocol which performs all incoming mails. The Port number is 110. 

16.  Tell me the procedure for Backup and Restore Mail in Outlook Express.
Go to C:\Documents & Setting\User Profile\Application Data\Local
Settings\Identities\Outlook Express & Copy the .DBX files and Save it in another location as
a Backup. Copy the files from the location that was saved as a Backup & Go to the same
path &  Paste it. 

17.  Tell me the Procedure for Backup and Restore Mail in Microsoft Express.
Go to C:\Documents & Setting\User Profile\Application Data\Local Settings\Microsoft
\Outlook Express & Copy the .PST files and Save it in another location as a Backup.. 
Copy the files from the location that was saved as a Backup & Go to the same path & Paste
it.

18.  How will you repair a PST Files?

Using scanpst.exe files

19.  How to set Password for PST Files?

 Select Go | Folder List from the menu. 
 Click on the root item of the desired PST file with the right mouse button. 
 If you want to protect only certain email folders with a password, you can move
them to a newly created PST file and assign a password only for that file. 
 Select Properties for... from the menu.
 Click Advanced.... 
 Now click Change Password.... 
 Enter the desired password under both New password: and Verify password:.
 If a password had already been set for the PST file, enter that phrase under Old
password:.
 If you assign a password to a previously unprotected PST file, leave the Old
password: field blank. 
 To remove the password from a PST file, enter it under Old password: and leave
both New password: and Verify password: blank. 
 Click OK. 
 Click OK again. 
 Now click Cancel. 
 
20.  How to set store a mail copy in Server for 30 days while configuring mail in
Microsoft outlook?
Go to Outlook 2007's Tools, Account Settings, and With the Account Settings dialog open,
select the account and click Change, then click More Settings. Look on the Advanced tab..
 21.  How to set Rules in Microsoft outlook in order to organize mailbox?

Open Microsoft Outlook.

 Click Tools. 
 Click Rules Wizard. 
 Click the New button and run through the wizard..
22.  Explain about Junk Mail option in outlook.
Low. This level is designed to catch only the most obvious junk e-mail messages. You can
make the filter more aggressive, but if you do it may catch legitimate messages sometimes.
Any message that is caught by the Junk E-mail Filter is moved to a special Junk E-
mail folder. You should review messages in the Junk E-mail folder from time to time to
make sure that they are not legitimate messages that you want to see.

23.  Explain about Registry?

This is a database used by Microsoft Windows to store configuration information about the
software installed on a computer. This information includes things like the desktop
background, program settings, and file extension associations.

24.  How to backup and Restore Registry?

Import and Export from regedit. 

25.  When system booting “NTLDR file Missing” Error. What would be the solution?
Boot the System from the OS cd and Select Repair Option 

26.  When XP is booting up system gets restart automatically. What would be the
solution?
May be RAM problem so replace it... 
Virus would have affected..

27.  Explain about Windows Firewall?

Firewall Restricts the System from Unwanted Traffic.

28.  Difference between Administrators and Power Users?

Members of the Administrator group have total control over the computer and everything on
it. The user named Administrator is the default account within this group 
The Power User class can perform any task except for those reserved for Administrators.
They are allowed to carry out functions that will not directly affect the operating system or
risk security

29.  What is Service Pack? Is it needed to be installed in all the system?

A service pack (in short SP) is a collection of updates, fixes and/or enhancements to a
software program delivered in the form of a single installable package. 
Yes it should be installed in all the systems.

30.  What is Device Drivers? Why it is needed?

A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of device that is attached to your
computer. There are device drivers for printers, displays, CD-ROM readers, diskette drives,
and so on
31. Explain about Local Printer and Network Printer?
A network printer is shared by more than one computer using the IP Address that is
assigned to the printer.
A local printer is directly connected to one computer & shared using sharing & security
32. Explain detail how to install a Network Printer?

To install the printer using an IP address, go to Start>Control Panel>Printers and Faxes and
then click the Add Printer icon. Next, click Create a new port, then select Standard TCP/IP
Port from the drop-down menu. You will then be asked to enter an IP address. Enter the IP
address of the print server and click Next. You will be asked to select the printer
manufacturer and the model from the list. If you do not see your printer listed, insert the
disk that came with the printer and click Have Disk.
If you do not know the IP address of the printer, you can sometime select Browse for
printer in the beginning of the process. If the networked printer is attached to another
computer is being shared, you will need to enter the name of the computer followed by the
share name of the printer. For example: \\computername\printername.

33. How does virus get loaded into computer?

Through Exe Files, Pen drive, CD, E-mail, Internet Etc...

34. What is Boot Process in a computer?

First is the POST, this stands for Power On Self-Test, for the computer. This process tests
memory as well as a number of other subsystems. You can usually monitor this as it runs
each test. After that is complete the system will run POST for any device that has BIOS
(Basic Input-Output System).

35. What is the difference between RAM & ROM?

RAM – Random Access Memory which is called as Temporary Memory..
ROM- Read Only Memory which stores the data Permanently.

36. What is Cache Memory?

Cache memory is fast memory that is used to hold the most recently accessed data in
slower main memory. The idea is that frequently accessed data will stay in cache, which
allows the CPU to access it more quickly, which means it doesn't have to wait for the data to
arrive.

37. What is the difference between Primary Storage and Secondary Storage?
Usually the primary storage is a hard drive(s). Secondary is a flash drive(s), cd and so on.
But nowadays, it's mostly a game of words.

The primary memory of CPU is the place where computer program and data is stored during
processing. this storage unite is often called either main memory or primary memory..

There is usually two types primary memory

1. RAM 2:.ROM
The devices of computer that store information such as software and data permanently are
called secondary storage device.

There are many types of secondary storage devices such as ,magneticdisk, Hard disk floppy
disk , CD Rom , magnetic tape etc...

38. How to increase or set virtual memory in Window XP?

• Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
• ClickPerformance and Maintenance, and then click System.
• On the Advanced tab, under Performance, click Settings.
• On the Advanced tab, under Virtual memory, click Change.
• UnderDrive [Volume Label], click the drive that contains the paging file that you want to
change.
• UnderPaging file size for selected drive, click to Custom size check box. You can enter the
amount of memory you would like to reserve for Virtual memory by entering the initial and
maximum size. ClickSet
39. What are the advantages of having SATA HDD over PATA HDD?
SATA HDD uses different channel for incoming and outgoing traffic. Wherelse PATA HDD
uses same Channel for incoming and outgoing traffic.

40. What are Bidirectional and Unidirectional Bus?

The address bus (sometimes called the memory bus) transports memory addresses which
the processor wants to access in order to read or write data. It is a unidirectional bus.
The data bus transfers instructions coming from or going to the processor. It is a
bidirectional bus.

41. How does the browser know to go to a certain IP address when you enter a
domain like google.com?
Whenever an address is typed on the browser it immediately connects with the DNS.This
DNS Finds the IP address related to the Domain & connects with the Server & the requested
web page will be displayed.

42. What’s the difference between L1 and L2 cache?

Short for Level 1 cache, a memory cache built into the microprocessor.

Short for Level 2 cache, cache memory that is external to the microprocessor. In general,
L2 cache memory, also called the secondary cache, resides on a separate chip from the
microprocessor chip.

43. What is BIOS? How to clear password for BIOS?

BIOS or Basic Input/output System is the first program accessed by the processor during
start up to ensure that all the other basic programs, hard drives, ports, peripherals and the
central processing unit are in good working condition.
In order to clear the password for BIOS Just Remove the CMOS Battery & Insert it again
after Sometime or Change the Jumper Settings.

44. What difference between original motherboard & chipset motherboard?

A chipset is a group of microchips designed to work as a unit in performing one or more
related functions. They are chip or chips on a motherboard containing various functions
supporting the CPU.
Motherboard is the "heart" of your PC -- it handles system resources (IRQ lines, DMA
channels, I/O locations), as well as core components like the CPU, and all system memory.
It accepts expansion devices such as sound and network cards, and modems. The main
printed circuit board in a computer that carries the system buses. It is equipped with
sockets to which all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboard, or
peripheral devices are connected.

45. What is the SMPS? Explain about its output voltage?

Switch Mode Power Supply is an electronic power supply Unit that incorporates a switching
regulator in order to provide the required output voltage

46. What is Power Good Signal? Explain its functionality.

In addition to the voltages and currents that a computer needs to operate, power supplies
also provide a signal called the Power-Good signal, sometimes written as Power_OK or
Power Good or you can distinguish it by its gray color. Its purpose is to tell the computer all
is well with the power supply and that the computer can continue to operate normally. If the
Power-Good signal is not present at startup, the CPU is held in reset state. If a Power-Good
signal goes down during operation the CPU will shutdown. The Power-Good signal prevents
the computer from attempting to operate on improper voltages and damaging itself.

47. What is the difference between AGP and PCI graphics cards?
AGP stands for 'Accelerated Graphics Port’ the speed at which the AGP bus transfers data to
and from the video card was too Fast.
PCI stands for 'Peripheral Component Interconnect’ the speed at which the PCI bus transfers
data to and from the video card was too Slow.

48. While Installing Windows XP File Missing Error Occurs. What would be the
Problem?
If you are attempting to boot from a CD-ROM and are receiving this error message it is
likely that the diskette does not have all the necessary files and/or is corrupt.

49. What is Defragmentation? Why it’s needed?

Defragmentation is a process that reduces the amount of fragmentation in file systems. It
does this by physically organizing the contents of the disk to store the pieces of each file
close together and contiguously.

50. One fine morning system is not able to login into domain. What could be the
problem?
May be Network problem.
Password would have expired.
May be some restriction policy applied.

51. In a workgroup environment how many system can access a shared folder
simultaneously.
10 Systems

52. What is command to view computer name?

Ipconfig /all or hostname

53. Explain Ping command in detail.

Packet Internet Gopher is a simple command line network tool that you can use to verify
your connectivity to a network.

54. What would the problem if system gets restarted frequently?

RAM problem, Virus Attack, Dust in processor FAN.

55. What would the problem if the system gets hanged off?
RAM problem,OS Corrupt,Virus Attack,Hard Disk Problem.

56. What could be the problem if hard disk gets in problem?

Disk boot failure, Hard Disk not detected, CableProblem, BlueScreen, No power supply, Bad
Sectors.

57. What is msconfig? Why it is used?

Microsoft System Configuration Utility is a utility to troubleshoot the Windows startup
process.
58. What is Remote Desktop? Why it is used?
Remote Desktop is used to take another network system remotely Remote desktop allows
you to control the desktop and, indeed, the entire contents of a computer from another
machine entirely

59. How to run legacy application in windows xp?

In both XP , right click on the executable of the application you wish to run.
Select "Properties".
Select the "Compatibility" tab on the "Properties" dialogue box.
There will be a number of options. Choose "Windows 95 or 98 compatibility mode"

60. What is the command to shutdown and restart the computer?

Shutdown –s –t 00

61. What is system restore? Why it is used?

System Restore helps you restore your computer's system files to an earlier point in time.
It's a way to undo system changes to your computer without affecting your personal files,
such as e¬mail, documents, or photos.

62. how u check smps?

Shor black and green wire and power on smps fan need to run, or smps proble, capacitor mainly make
problem.

Smps voltare—12 and 5 volt and 3 volt

64. how antivirus find virus?

Depends on digital signature ( brand name) if not that file called virus.

65.back up types

3 type normal, incremental , differential,

Eg: ntbackup

65. windows xp version ---5.1

Windows 7 version 6.1

66. if u insatal soft in vista and w7 , u may face compatability issue, to see comatable right click on soft
fo properties, select compatability

77.to see network printer ip?

Open install printer path( control panel  printer and fax open installed printer select port see ip of
network print