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Manipulating String in C++: Char CH (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O') Char CH (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '/0')

The document discusses string manipulation in C++. It explains that C++ supports both C-style null-terminated character arrays as well as a string class. The string class contains many member functions and operators to create, modify, compare and manipulate strings. It lists important functions of the string class such as append, assign, find, and length to modify and access string values.

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129 views3 pages

Manipulating String in C++: Char CH (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O') Char CH (6) ('H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O', '/0')

The document discusses string manipulation in C++. It explains that C++ supports both C-style null-terminated character arrays as well as a string class. The string class contains many member functions and operators to create, modify, compare and manipulate strings. It lists important functions of the string class such as append, assign, find, and length to modify and access string values.

Uploaded by

Usha Ravichandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MANIPULATING STRING IN C++

 A string is a sequence of character.


 C++ does not support built-in string type, null character based terminated array
of characters to store and manipulate strings can be used. These strings are
termed as C Strings.
 The C style string belongs to C language and continues to support in C++ also
strings in C are the one-dimensional array of characters which gets terminated
by \0 (null character).
This is how the strings in C are declared:

char ch[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};


char ch[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C++
compiler automatically places the \0 at the end of the string when it initializes the
array.
String Class in C++

 The string class is huge and includes many constructors, member functions,
and operators.
 Programmers may use the constructors, operators and member functions to
achieve the following:

 Creating string objects

 Reading string objects from keyboard

 Displaying string objects to the screen

 Finding a substring from a string

 Modifying string

 Adding objects of string

 Comparing strings
 Accessing characters of a string

 Obtaining the size or length of a string, etc...

C++ supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings.


These are:

 strcpy(str1, str2): Copies string str2 into string str1.

 strcat(str1, str2): Concatenates string str2 onto the end of string str1.

 strlen(str1): Returns the length of string str1.

 strcmp(str1, str2): Returns 0 if str1 and str2 are the same; less than 0 if
str1<str2; greater than 0 if str1>str2.

 strchr(str1, ch): Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in


string str1.

 strstr(str1, str2): Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string str2 in string
str1.

Important functions supported by String Class

 append(): This function appends a part of a string to another string

 assign():This function assigns a partial string

 at(): This function obtains the character stored at a specified location

 begin(): This function returns a reference to the start of the string

 capacity(): This function gives the total element that can be stored

 compare(): This function compares a string against the invoking string

 empty(): This function returns true if the string is empty

 end(): This function returns a reference to the end of the string

 erase(): This function removes character as specified


 find(): This function searches for the occurrence of a specified substring

 length(): It gives the size of a string or the number of elements of a string

 swap(): This function swaps the given string with the invoking one

Important Constructors obtained by String Class

 String(): This constructor is used for creating an empty string

 String(const char *str): This constructor is used for creating string objects
from a null-terminated string

 String(const string *str): This constructor is used for creating a string object
from another string object

Operators used for String Objects

1. =: assignment

2. +: concatenation

3. ==: Equality

4. !=: Inequality

5. <: Less than

6. <=: Less than or equal

7. >: Greater than

8. >=: Greater than or equal

9. []: Subscription

10. <<: Output

11. >>: Input

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