Experiment - 10

15EEL37 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY _1
EXPERIMENT _ 10
SLIP TEST – MEASUREMENT OF DIRECT AXIS AND
QUADRATURE AXIS REACTANCE AND PRE DETERMINATION
OF REGULATION OF SALIENT POLE ALTERNATOR
AIM: To measure the direct and quadrature axis reactance of the salient pole synchronous
machine and predetermine its regulation.
APPARATUS:
Ammeter 0 – 5 A (MI) 1 No.
Voltmeter 0 – 300 V 1 No.
Rheostats 18 Ohm , 200 Ohm 1 each
THEORY: Student should write about the following:.

1. Types of alternator and the comparison between cylindrical rotor alternator and
Salient pole alternator
2. Briefly describe the two reaction theory.
3. Why the field winding is kept open in the experiment?
4. Why the regulation will be large for salient pole alternator compared to cylindrical
rotor alternator?
5. Why the ammeter and voltmeter connected in the circuit oscillate?
PROCEDURE: For Slip Test:

1. Make the circuit connections as shown in the circuit diagram
2. With the TPST switch S2 open, and with the 18 ohm rheostat in cut –in position
and 200 ohm rheostat in cut-out position, close the DC supply switch S1.
3. Bring the DC motor to its rated speed by cutting out the 18 ohm rheostat and if
necessary adjusting the 200 ohm rheostat.
4. With the auto-transformer in zero output voltage position, close the TPST switch
S2.
5. By adjusting the rheostats connected in DC shunt motor, run the alternator at sub
synchronous (< 1500 rpm for the motor) speed.
6. Operate the auto transformer and apply a three phase voltage sufficient to circulate
a current (< the rated current of the alternator) in the windings.
7. The voltmeter and ammeter connected in the circuit oscillate between a maximum
and minimum values. Note down these readings in the tabular column.
8. Vary the applied voltage and note down the meter readings in the tabular column.
9. Bring the auto-transformer to zero output voltage position and open the TPST
switch S2
10. Bring the 18 ohm and 200 ohm rheostats to their initial positions and open the DC
supply switch S1.
Procedure for Measurement of stator Resistance of the alternator:
Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

Bangalore Institute of Technology, KR Road, Bangalore – 560 004
62
1. Make connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. With all the lamp load switches in OFF position, close the DC supply switch S
3. Switch on the lamp load in steps and at every step, note down the ammeter and
voltmeter readings in the tabular column
4. Gradually switch off the lamp load, and open the DC supply switch S.
OBSERVATIONS:
NAME PLATE DETAILS
DC SHUNT MOTOR SALIENT POLE ALTERNATOR
Rating : Rating :
Rated Voltage : Rated Voltage :
Rated Armature Current : Rated Armature Current :
Field winding Voltage : Field winding Voltage :
Field winding Current : Field winding Current :
Rated Speed : Rated Speed :
TABULAR COLUMNS:
Measurement of direct axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance:
S. V max V min I max I min V V
No. Z d= max ohm Z q= min ohm
Volt Volt Amp Amp I min I max
1.
2.
3.
Average Values
Measurement of direct axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance:

Voltmeter reading, V Ammeter reading, I Resistance R = V / I
S. No.
Volts Amps Ohms
1.
2.
3.
Average resistance
CALCULATIONS:
V max
Direct axis impedance, Z d= ohm
I min
V min
Quadrature axis impedance, Z q= ohm
I max
Stator resistance per phase = R
Direct axis reactance, X d= ( Z 2d −R2 )

√
Quadrature axis reactance, X q= ( Z 2q−R2 )
√

63
CALCULATION OF REGULATION:
A. At unity power factor
The phasor diagram for the salient pole alternator at unity power factor is as shown
below:
At unity power factor, Φ = 0°.
From the phasor diagram:
Rated phase voltage, V =
E ∠δ =V ∠ 0 °+ I ∠0 ° ( R+ j X q )
|I d|=I sin δ
|E 0|=|E|+|I d|( X d− X q )
|E 0|−|V |
Percentage regulation = x 100
|V |

64
B. At 0.8 lagging power factor

below:
At unity power factor, Φ = - 36.86°.
E ∠δ =V ∠ 0 °+ I ∠−Φ ( R+ j X q)
|I d|=I sin(δ +Φ)
|E 0|=|E|+|I d|( X d− X q )
|E 0|−|V |
|V |

65
C. At 0.8 leading power factor

below:
At unity power factor, Φ = + 36.86°.
E ∠δ =V ∠ 0 °+ I ∠ Φ(R+ j X q )
|I d|=I sin( Φ−δ )
|E 0|=|E|+|I d|( X d− X q )
|E 0|−|V |
|V |
RESULT: The slip test on salient pole alternator is conducted. The direct axis
reactance and quadrature axis reactance are computed. The percent regulation at
unity, 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading power factor are computed.
Following are the regulation values:
Power Factor Percent Regulation
Unity
0.8 Lagging
0.8 Leading

66
200 Ohm
0 – 300 18 Ohm Cut-Out
V (MI) Cut-In
V R
R
+
Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, A Z

Y A
Bangalore Institute of Technology, KR Road, Bangalore – 560 004 -
0–5A
M S1 67
(MI) Y 230 V
B DC Supply
S2 A
A
- +
LOAD A
0 – 10 A
MC
R
+
0 = 30 V
S
R‫׳‬ MC 230 Volt,
V DC Supply
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR MEAUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE

68

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15EEL37 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY _1

THEORY: Student should write about the following:.

2. Briefly describe the two reaction theory.

3. Why the field winding is kept open in the experiment?

5. Why the ammeter and voltmeter connected in the circuit oscillate?

PROCEDURE: For Slip Test:

Procedure for Measurement of stator Resistance of the alternator:

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

1. Make connections as shown in the circuit diagram.

Measurement of direct axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance:

Stator resistance per phase = R

Direct axis reactance, X d= ( Z 2d −R2 )

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

At unity power factor, Φ = 0°.

From the phasor diagram:

Rated phase voltage, V =

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

B. At 0.8 lagging power factor

At unity power factor, Φ = - 36.86°.

From the phasor diagram:

Rated phase voltage, V =

|I d|=I sin(δ +Φ)

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

C. At 0.8 leading power factor

At unity power factor, Φ = + 36.86°.

From the phasor diagram:

Rated phase voltage, V =

|I d|=I sin( Φ−δ )

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, A Z

15EEL37 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY _1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR MEAUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE

Department Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,

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