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Basic 1st 02 01 Slides PDF

The document discusses exposure routes for both internal and external radiation. External exposure can come from sources outside the body like outer space, the sun, or radiation generators. Internal exposure occurs when radioactive materials are inhaled, ingested, absorbed through the skin or enter through a wound. The body is equally exposed whether the radiation comes from inside or outside. Internal exposure depends on the characteristics of the radioactive materials, with alpha emitters posing more risk than beta or gamma emitters if they accumulate in certain organs or are difficult to excrete.

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Stevenzel Eala Estella
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57 views5 pages

Basic 1st 02 01 Slides PDF

The document discusses exposure routes for both internal and external radiation. External exposure can come from sources outside the body like outer space, the sun, or radiation generators. Internal exposure occurs when radioactive materials are inhaled, ingested, absorbed through the skin or enter through a wound. The body is equally exposed whether the radiation comes from inside or outside. Internal exposure depends on the characteristics of the radioactive materials, with alpha emitters posing more risk than beta or gamma emitters if they accumulate in certain organs or are difficult to excrete.

Uploaded by

Stevenzel Eala Estella
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exposure Routes Internal and External Exposure

External exposure Internal exposure
Body surface 
From outer space 
contamination
and the sun
Inhalation
Suspended 
matters Food and drink 
consumption

From a radiation  Lungs
generator
Radio‐
pharmaceuticals Wound
Buildings

Ground
 Radiation coming from outside the body  Radiation emitted within the body

Radioactive 
The body is equally exposed to radiation in both cases. materials
Exposure Routes Various Forms of Exposure
External exposure
• Whole‐body exposure
• Local exposure (e.g. exposure by X‐ray examination or local body surface contamination)

Radioactive materials

Internal exposure
• Whole‐body exposure
• Local exposure (e.g. 
exposure from the thyroid 
taking in radioactive iodine)
Exposure Routes External Exposure and Skin

Skin structure
Outside  Part highly sensitive  β‐particle
the body to radiation
γ‐ray 
α‐particle
γ‐rays β‐particles α‐particle

Hair
Within  Stratum 
the body corneum
Basal  Epidermis
cells
About 
Affected part 0.2mm
Dermis

Subcutaneous 
structure
Exposure Routes Internal Exposure
(i) Ingestion
From the mouth (swallowing)
Absorption through the digestive  Inhalation or ingestion Radioactive materials
tract within the body decay 
(ii) Inhalation Nose as they emit radiation 
Incorporation from  the respiratory  within the body.
airways Thyroid
Absorption from the lungs and the  Mouth
surface of the airways
From 
(iii) Percutaneous absorption the skin Lungs
Absorption from the skin
They may 
(iv) Wound contamination
accumulate in some 
Contamination from a wound Wound specific organs.

Radioactive material They are gradually excreted


in the urine and feces.
Exposure Routes Internal Exposure and Radioactive Materials

The characteristics of radioactive materials that especially cause 
problems in internal exposure
(i) α‐emitters > β‐emitters or γ‐emitters

(ii) Materials that enter easily but are difficult 
to excrete

(iii) Materials that are likely to accumulate in 
specific organs

Radioactive materials

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