CE 321 Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Exam II
November 17, 2004
7:00 - 9:00 pm
Room 315 AEC

Problem Solving

Problem 1 - 40 Points _________I_________

Problem 2 - 10 Points _________I_________

Problem 3 - 10 Points _________I_________

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Sub Total (60 Points) _________I_________

Short Answers

S A #1 3 Points _________I_________

S A #2 5 Points _________I_________

S A #3 8 Points _________I_________

S A #4 8 Points _________I_________

S A #5 5 Points _________I_________

S A #6 5 Points _________I_________

S A #7 3 Points _________I_________

S A #8 3 Points _________I_________

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Sub Total (40 Points) _________I_________

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Total (100) Points _________I_________

Final Score %age __________________

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Name ________________________

CE 321 - Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Exam II
November 17, 2004

Print your name at the top of this page. Initial this page and all subsequent pages. All
work is to be done neatly using a dark pencil or pen. Answers are to be underlined or
boxed. All assumptions are to be addressed. SHOW ALL WORK!!!!

Problem 1 - (40 Points)

The town of Martins Creek, PA, has filed a complaint with the Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) citing the town of Portland, PA, for the discharge of raw
sewage into the Delaware River. The raw sewage is considered to be the cause of high
fecal coliform counts and reduced levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) which have lead to
foul odors along the river between Portland and Martins Creek. The coliform counts and
reduced DO levels have lead to restrictions of recreational areas within the
Portland/Martins Creek reach of the Delaware River.

The DEP water quality criterion for the Delaware River is 5 mg/L of DO (i.e. at no point
shall the DO concentration drop below 5 mg/L).

Martins Creek is 15.55 km down stream of Portland.

A) What is the DO concentration as mg/L at Martins Creek? (35 Points)

B) Does your answer make sense based on the complaint received? (5 Points)

The following data pertain to the 7-year, 10-day low flow at Portland
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Parameter Wastewater Delaware River just above Portland
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Flow (m /sec) 0.1507 1.08
o
BOD5 at 16 C (mg/L) 128.00 Not provided
BODu at 28oC (mg/L) Not provided 11.40
DO (mg/L) 1.00 7.95
k at 20oC (day-1) 0.4375 k of BOD in river is based on WW
Temperature (oC) 16.00 28.00

Data of river after WWTP

Average Speed (m/sec) N/A 0.390
Average Depth (m) N/A 2.80
Bed-activity coefficient N/A 0.200

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A) What is the DO concentration as mg/L at Martins Creek? (35 Points)

W W TP
B O D 5 = 1 2 8 m g /L a t 1 6 C
3

F lo w = 0 .1 5 0 7 m / s e c
D O = 1 .0 m g /L M a r t in s C r e e k
T = 16 C P o r tla n d DO = ?
k = 0 .4 3 7 5
R iv e r b e f o r e P o r tla n d
B O D u = 1 1 .4 0 m g /L R iv e r a ft e r P o r t la n d
3
S p e e d = 0 .3 9 0 m /s
F lo w = 1 .0 8 m /s e c D e p th = 2 .8 m
D O = 7 .9 5 m g /L B e d A c tiv ity = 0 .2 0
T = 28 C
D is ta n c e b e tw e e n P o r tla n d a n d M a r tin s C r e e k is 1 5 .5 5 k m

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Problem 2 (10 Points)

If the dissolved oxygen concentration measured during a BOD test is 9 mg/L initially, 6
mg/L after 5 days, and 3 mg/L after an indefinitely long period of time, calculate the 10-
day BOD.

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Problem 3 (10 Points)

The pH of two liters of deionized water is adjusted by adding 5 ml of a 0.05 mM solution
of H2SO4.

50 grams of ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O) is added to the two liter beaker of pH

adjusted deionized water. The pH is held constant through additional titration using acid
and base as necessary.

What concentration of Fe+3 would you expect to find in the beaker after the solution
reaches equilibrium? Report your answer in mg/L.

Ferric Hydroxide - pKsp = 38.57

H = 1.00 g/mole; S = 32.07; O = 16.00; Fe = 55.83 g/mole

Because Fe is a sparingly soluble salt of OH, as the Fe 2(SO4)3 dissolved only a very
small concentration of Fe would stay in solution. Any excess would precipitate out as
Fe(OH)3. It is assumed the ionic concentration due to the sulfate will not play any role
in the system.

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Short Answer Section (35 Points)

Keep written answers to a sentence or two! Use diagrams when appropriate.

1) Briefly explain what type of particles do not settle out by gravity and why. (3
Points)

2) Regarding pH (Use chemical and/or mathematical relationships to explain) (5

Points)
a. What would you expect the pH of a typical soda, such as Coke or Ginger
Ale, to be and why? (3 Points)

b. Would you expect to happen to the pH of soda after it is been opened for
a few hours? Why? (2 Points)

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3) The Streeter-Phelps model has a number of different variables, each variable

playing a large role in the outcome of the DO deficit (D). (8 Points)

Dt 
k d Lo
kr  kd
 
e  k d t  e  k r t  Do e  k r t

a. Increasing the reaeration rate, while holding everything else constant does
what to the deficit (Dt) and the critical point (tc)? (4 Points)

U p s tre a m D o w n s tre a m

b. Decreasing the deoxygenation rate, while holding everything else constant

does what to the deficit (Dt) and the critical point (tc)? (4 Points)

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4) Briefly discuss the impact of the following nitrogen compounds in surface water
when occurring in high concentrations. (8 Points)

a. Nitrate (NO3-) (2 Points)

b. Ammonia (NH3) (2 Points)

c. Ammonium (NH4+) (2 Points)

d. Organic Nitrogen (2 Points)

5) Why is EPA justified in recently reducing the allowable amount of turbidity from
0.5 NTU to 0.3 NTU in drinking water? (5 Points)

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6) Draw a detailed ”Solids Analysis Chart” starting with sample passing through a
1.2 um filter. (5 Points)

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7) How does conductivity relate to “Water Quality” assessment? (3 Points)

8) What is the difference between BODt and Lt? (3 Points)

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Formula Sheet - Exam II

1) Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.43 #/ft3

2) 7.48 gal/ft3

3) 8.34 #/gal

4) 1000 L/m3
# L
5) 8.345 mg  Mgal

dC
6)   KC
dt

7) Ct  C 0 e  Kt

dC
8) V  S  QC  KCV
dt

 Q  
9) C (t )  C   (C 0  C  ) exp   K  V  t 
   

S
10) C   Q  KV

[ H  ][ HCO3 ]
11) K a1  = 4.45 x 10-7
[ H 2 CO3 ]

[ H  ][CO32  ]
12) K a 2  = 4.69 x 10-11
[ HCO3 ]

13) H2CO3 <==> H+ + HCO3-

A
14) pH   pK a  log
HA

15) Lo = Lt + BODt

16) Lt = Lo e-kt

17) BODt = Lo (1 – e-kt)

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18) kt = k20 θ(T – 20)

19) NBOD = (4.57 mgO2/mgN) ( X mgN/L)

20) BODt = Lo(1-e-kt); when considering stream activity then BODt = Lo(1- e  k d t )

21) Lt = Loe-kt ; when considering stream activity then Lt = Lo e  k d t

22) k T  k 20 (T  20 ) , θ for k and kd; 4-20oC = 1.135 and 21 – 30 oC = 1.056: θ for kr = 1.024

u
23) kd = k   Where k = BOD rate constant. Unit specific k = d-1;u = m/sec; h = m
h

1
3.9 u 2

24) k r  3
Unit specific u = m/sec; h = m
h2

25) Dt 
k d Lo
kr  kd
 
e  k d t  e  k r t  Do e  k r t

1  k r  D o (k r  k d )  
26) t c  ln  1  
kr  kd  k d  k d Lo  

27) When kr = kd Then D = (kdLot + Do) e  k d t

1  D 
28) When kr = kd Then tc = 1  o 
kd  Lo 

29) Dt = DOs – DO

Qw DOw  Qr DOr
30) Do = DOs -
Qw  Qr

Qw Low  Qr Lor
31) Lo =
Q w  Qr

4 q d
32)  
D

Volume of Sample
33) P  Volume of Sample  Volume of Dilution Water

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DOi  DO f
34) BODt 
P

35) Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3  14.3H 2 O  6 H 2 O  2 Al (OH ) 3 ( s )  14.3H 2 O  3H 2 SO4

36) Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3  14.3H 2 O  6 Na( HCO3 )  2 Al (OH ) 3 ( s)  3Na 2 SO4  14.3H 2 O  6CO2

37) Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3  14.3H 2 O  6 Na(OH )  2 Al (OH ) 3 ( s)  3Na 2 SO4  14.3H 2 O

38) Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3  xH 2 O  6 Na ( HCO3 )  2 Fe(OH ) 3 ( s)  3Na 2 SO4  xH 2 O  6CO2

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