Orthogonalization in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. The preferred orthogonalization process for its numerical stability is

a) Gram- Schmidt process
b) House holder transformation
c) Optimization
d) All of the above

ANSWER: b) House holder transformation

Q2. For two vectors to be orthonormal, the vectors are also said to be orthogonal. The reverse of the same
a) Is true
b) Is not true
c) Is not predictable
d) None of the above

ANSWER: b) Is not true

Q3. Orthonormal set is a set of all vectors that are

a) Mutually orthonormal and are of unit length
b) Mutually orthonormal and of null length
c) None of the above

ANSWER: a) Mutually orthonormal and are of unit length

Coding and decoding of Information - MCQs with answers

Q1. Orthogonality of two codes means
a) The integrated product of two different code words is zero
b) The integrated product of two different code words is one
c) The integrated product of two same code words is zero
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) The integrated product of two different code words is zero

Q2. The Golay code (23,12) is a codeword of length 23 which may correct
a) 2 errors
b) 3 errors
c) 5 errors
d) 8 errors

ANSWER: b) 3 errors

Q3. The minimum distance for unextended Golay code is

a) 8
b) 9
c) 7
d) 6

ANSWER: c) 7

Q4. The prefix code is also known as

a) Instantaneous code
b) Block code
c) Convolutional code
d) Parity bit

ANSWER: a) Instantaneous code

Q5. Run Length Encoding is used for
a) Reducing the repeated string of characters
b) Bit error correction
c) Correction of error in multiple bits
d) All of the above

ANSWER: a) Reducing the repeated string of characters

Hamming Code - MCQs with answers

Q1. For hamming distance dmin and number of errors D, the condition for receiving invalid codeword is
a) D <= dmin + 1
b) D <= dmin-1
c) D <= 1- dmin
d) D <= dmin

ANSWER: b) D <= dmin-1

Q2. For hamming distance dmin and t errors in the received word, the condition to be able to correct the errors
is
a) 2t + 1 <= dmin
b) 2t + 2 <= dmin
c) Both a) and b)
d) 2t + 1<= 2dmin

ANSWER: c) Both a) and b)

Calculation of error probabilities - MCQs with answers

Q1. Impulse noise is caused due to
a) Switching transients
b) Lightening strikes
c) Power line load switching
d) All of the above

ANSWER: d) All of the above

Q2. Probability density function defines

a) Amplitudes of random noise
b) Density of signal
c) Probability of error
d) All of the above

ANSWER: a) Amplitudes of random noise

Q3. Timing jitter is

a) Change in amplitude
b) Change in frequency
c) Deviation in location of the pulses
d) All of the above

ANSWER: c) Deviation in location of the pulses

Q4. ISI may be removed by using

a) Differential coding
b) Manchester coding
c) Polar NRZ
d) None of the above
ANSWER: a) Differential coding

Q5. Overhead bits are

a) Framing and synchronizing bits
b) Data due to noise
c) Encoded bits
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) Framing and synchronizing bits

Coherent detection of techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. In DPSK technique, the technique used to encode bits is
a) AMI
b) Differential code
c) Uni polar RZ format
d) Manchester format

ANSWER: b) Differential code

Q2. Synchronization of signals is done using

a) Pilot clock
b) Extracting timing information from the received signal
c) Transmitter and receiver connected to master timing source
d) All of the above

ANSWER: d) All of the above

Q3. In coherent detection of signals

a) Local carrier is generated
b) Carrier of frequency and phase as same as transmitted carrier is generated
c) The carrier is in synchronization with modulated carrier
d) All of the above

ANSWER: d) All of the above

MSK in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with Answers

Q1. Minimum shift keying is similar to
a) Continuous phase frequency shift keying
b) Binary phase shift keying
c) Binary frequency shift keying
d) QPSK

ANSWER: a) Continuous phase frequency shift keying

Q2. In MSK, the difference between the higher and lower frequency is
a) Same as the bit rate
b) Half of the bit rate
c) Twice of the bit rate
d) Four time the bit rate

ANSWER: b) Half of the bit rate

Q3. The technique that may be used to reduce the side band power is
a) MSK
b) BPSK
c) Gaussian minimum shift keying
d) BFSK
ANSWER: c) Gaussian minimum shift keying

QPSK in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. QPSK is a modulation scheme where each symbol consists of
a) 4 bits
b) 2 bits
c) 1 bit
d) M number of bits, depending upon the requirement

ANSWER: b) 2 bits

Q2. The data rate of QPSK is ___________ of BPSK.

a) Thrice
b) Four times
c) Twice
d) same

ANSWER: c) Twice

Q3. QPSK system uses a phase shift of

a) Π
b) Π/2
c) Π/4
d) 2Π

ANSWER: b) Π/2

BFSK in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. The bandwidth of BFSK is ______________ than BPSK.
a) Lower
b) Same
c) Higher
d) Not predictable

ANSWER: c) Higher

Q2. In Binary FSK, mark and space respectively represent

a) 1 and 0
b) 0 and 1
c) 11 and 00
d) 00 and 11

ANSWER: a) 1 and 0

Q3. The frequency shifts in the BFSK usually lies in the range
a) 50 to 1000 Hz
b) 100 to 2000 Hz
c) 200 to 500 Hz
d) 500 to 10 K Hz

ANSWER: a) 50 to 1000 Hz

Q4. The spectrum of BFSK may be viewed as the sum of

a) Two ASK spectra
b) Two PSK spectra
c) Two FSK spectra
d) None of the above
ANSWER: a) Two ASK spectra

Q5. The maximum bandwidth is occupied by

a) ASK
b) BPSK
c) FSK
d) None of the above

ANSWER: c) FSK

BPSK in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. The probability of error of DPSK is ______________ than that of BPSK.
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Same
d) Not predictable

ANSWER: a) Higher

Q2. In Binary Phase Shift Keying system, the binary symbols 1 and 0 are represented by carrier with phase shift
of
a) Π/2
b) Π
c) 2Π
d) 0

ANSWER: Π

Q3. BPSK system modulates at the rate of

a) 1 bit/ symbol
b) 2 bit/ symbol
c) 4 bit/ symbol
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) 1 bit/ symbol

Q4. The BPSK signal has +V volts and -V volts respectively to represent
a) 1 and 0 logic levels
b) 11 and 00 logic levels
c) 10 and 01 logic levels
d) 00 and 11 logic levels

ANSWER: a) 1 and 0 logic levels

Q5. The binary waveform used to generate BPSK signal is encoded in

a) Bipolar NRZ format
b) Manchester coding
c) Differential coding
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) Bipolar NRZ format

ASK in Digital Modulation Techniques - MCQs with answers

Q1. In On- Off keying, the carrier signal is transmitted with signal value 1 and '0' indicates
a) No carrier
b) Half the carrier amplitude
c) Amplitude of modulating signal
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) No carrier
Q2. ASK modulated signal has the bandwidth
a) Same as the bandwidth of baseband signal
b) Half the bandwidth of baseband signal
c) Double the bandwidth of baseband signal
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) Same as the bandwidth of baseband signal

Q3. Coherent detection of binary ASK signal requires

a) Phase synchronization
b) Timing synchronization
c) Amplitude synchronization
d) Both a) and b)

ANSWER: d) Both a) and b)

Linear Block Code - Cyclic & Convolutional Code - MCQs with Answers
Q1. For a (7, 4) block code, 7 is the total number of bits and 4 is the number of
a) Information bits
b) Redundant bits
c) Total bits- information bits
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) Information bits

Q2. Interleaving process permits a burst of B bits, with l as consecutive code bits and t errors when
a) B <= 2tl
b) B >= tl
c) B <= tl/2
d) B <= tl

ANSWER: d) B <= tl

Q3. The code in convolution coding is generated using

a) EX-OR logic
b) AND logic
c) OR logic
d) None of the above

ANSWER: a) EX-OR logic

Q4. For decoding in convolution coding, in a code tree,

a) Diverge upward when a bit is 0 and diverge downward when the bit is 1
b) Diverge downward when a bit is 0 and diverge upward when the bit is 1
c) Diverge left when a bit is 0 and diverge right when the bit is 1
d) Diverge right when a bit is 0 and diverge left when the bit is 1

ANSWER: a) Diverge upward when a bit is 0 and diverge downward when the bit is 1

Q5. A linear code

a) Sum of code words is also a code word
b) All- zero code word is a code word
c) Minimum hamming distance between two code words is equal to weight of any non zero code word
d) All of the above

ANSWER: d) All of the above

Q6. Graphical representation of linear block code is known as
a) Pi graph
b) Matrix
c) Tanner graph
d) None of the above

ANSWER: c) Tanner graph

Single Parity Bit Code - MCQs with answers

Q1. Parity check bit coding is used for
a) Error correction
b) Error detection
c) Error correction and detection
d) None of the above

ANSWER: b) Error detection

Q2. Parity bit coding may not be used for

a) Error in more than single bit
b) Which bit is in error
c) Both a) and b)
d) None of the above

ANSWER: c) Both a) and b)

59)   In coherent detection of signals,

a. Local carrier is generated
b. Carrier of frequency and phase as same as transmitted carrier is generated
c. The carrier is in synchronization with modulated carrier
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (d) All of the above
60)   Synchronization of signals is done using
a. Pilot clock
b. Extracting timing information from the received signal
c. Transmitter and receiver connected to master timing source
d. All of the above
ANSWER:(d) All of the above
61)   Graphical representation of linear block code is known as
a. Pi graph
b. Matrix
c. Tanner graph
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (c) Tanner graph
62)   A linear code
a. Sum of code words is also a code word
b. All-zero code word is a code word
c. Minimum hamming distance between two code words is equal to weight of any non zero code word
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (d) All of the above
63)   For decoding in convolution coding, in a code tree,
a. Diverge upward when a bit is 0 and diverge downward when the bit is 1
b. Diverge downward when a bit is 0 and diverge upward when the bit is 1
c. Diverge left when a bit is 0 and diverge right when the bit is 1
d. Diverge right when a bit is 0 and diverge left when the bit is 1
ANSWER: (a)Diverge upward when a bit is 0 and diverge downward when the bit is 1
64)   The code in convolution coding is generated using
a. EX-OR logic
b. AND logic
c. OR logic
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (a) EX-OR logic
65)   Interleaving process permits a burst of B bits, with l as consecutive code bits and t errors when
a. B ≤ 2tl
b. B ≥ tl
c. B ≤ tl/2
d. B ≤ tl
ANSWER: (d) B ≤ tl
66)   For a (7, 4) block code, 7 is the total number of bits and 4 is the number of
a. Information bits
b. Redundant bits
c. Total bits- information bits
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (a) Information bits
67)   Parity bit coding may not be used for
a. Error in more than single bit
b. Which bit is in error
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (c) Both a & b
68)   Parity check bit coding is used for
a. Error correction
b. Error detection
c. Error correction and detection
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (b) Error detection
69)   For hamming distance dmin and t errors in the received word, the condition to be able to correct the errors
is
a. 2t + 1 ≤ dmin
b. 2t + 2 ≤ dmin
c. 2t + 1 ≤ 2dmin
d. Both a and b
ANSWER: (d) Both a and b
70)   For hamming distance dmin and number of errors D, the condition for receiving invalid codeword is
a. D ≤ dmin + 1
b. D ≤ dmin – 1
c. D ≤ 1 – dmin
d. D ≤ dmin
ANSWER:(b)  D ≤ dmin – 1
71)   Run Length Encoding is used for
a. Reducing the repeated string of characters
b. Bit error correction
c. Correction of error in multiple bits
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (a) Reducing the repeated string of characters
72)   The prefix code is also known as
a. Instantaneous code
b. Block code
c. Convolutional code
d. Parity bit
ANSWER: (a) Instantaneous code

107)   ASK modulated signal has the bandwidth

a. Same as the bandwidth of baseband signal
b. Half the bandwidth of baseband signal
c. Double the bandwidth of baseband signal
d. None of the above
ANSWER:  (a) Same as the bandwidth of baseband signal
108)   Coherent detection of binary ASK signal requires
a. Phase synchronization
b. Timing synchronization
c. Amplitude synchronization
d. Both a and b
ANSWER:  (d) Both a and b
109)   The probability of error of DPSK is ______________ than that of BPSK.
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Same
d. Not predictable
ANSWER:  (a) Higher
110)   In Binary Phase Shift Keying system, the binary symbols 1 and 0 are represented by carrier with phase
shift of
a. Π/2
b. Π
c. 2Π
d. 0
ANSWER: (b)  Π
111)   BPSK system modulates at the rate of
a. 1 bit/ symbol
b. 2 bit/ symbol
c. 4 bit/ symbol
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (a) 1 bit/ symbol
112)   The BPSK signal has +V volts and -V volts respectively to represent
a. 1 and 0 logic levels
b. 11 and 00 logic levels
c. 10 and 01 logic levels
d. 00 and 11 logic levels
ANSWER:  (a) 1 and 0 logic levels
113)   The binary waveform used to generate BPSK signal is encoded in
a. Bipolar NRZ format
b. Manchester coding
c. Differential coding
d. None of the above
ANSWER:  (a) Bipolar NRZ format
114)   The bandwidth of BFSK is ______________ than BPSK.
a. Lower
b. Same
c. Higher
d. Not predictable
ANSWER:  (c) Higher
115)   In Binary FSK, mark and space respectively represent
a. 1 and 0
b. 0 and 1
c. 11 and 00
d. 00 and 11
ANSWER:  (a) 1 and 0
116)   The frequency shifts in the BFSK usually lies in the range
a. 50 to 1000 Hz
b. 100 to 2000 Hz
c. 200 to 500 Hz
d. 500 to 10 Hz
ANSWER: (a) 50 to 1000 Hz
117)   The spectrum of BFSK may be viewed as the sum of
a. Two ASK spectra
b. Two PSK spectra
c. Two FSK spectra
d. None of the above
ANSWER:  (a) Two ASK spectra
118)   The maximum bandwidth is occupied by
a. ASK
b. BPSK
c. FSK
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (c) FSK
119)   QPSK is a modulation scheme where each symbol consists of
a. 4 bits
b. 2 bits
c. 1 bits
d. M number of bits, depending upon the requireme
ANSWER: (b)  2 bits
120)   The data rate of QPSK is ___________ of BPSK.
a. Thrice
b. Four times
c. Twice
d. Same
ANSWER:  (c) Twice
121)   QPSK system uses a phase shift of
a. Π
b. Π/2
c. Π/4
d. 2Π
ANSWER:  (b) Π/2
122)   Minimum shift keying is similar to
a. Continuous phase frequency shift keying
b. Binary phase shift keying
c. Binary frequency shift keying
d. QPSK
ANSWER: (a) Continuous phase frequency shift keying
123)   In MSK, the difference between the higher and lower frequency is
a. Same as the bit rate
b. Half of the bit rate
c. Twice of the bit rate
d. Four time the bit rate
ANSWER:  (b) Half of the bit rate
124)   The technique that may be used to reduce the side band power is
a. MSK
b. BPSK
c. Gaussian minimum shift keying
d. BFSK
ANSWER:  (c) Gaussian minimum shift keying