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Don't Worry About That Dorsal Fin!

By Erin Horner

I love to swim in the ocean. I think that it is fun to feel the wet sand
squish between my toes. I also think that it is fun to ride over the gentle
waves. Once when I was swimming, I saw a huge dorsal fin coming
right towards me! That was not fun. That was scary! I was afraid that I
was swimming with a shark. I ran to the shore as fast as I could.
Luckily, that eerie back fin did not belong to a shark. It belonged to a
dolphin.

Dolphins are beautiful aquatic animals. There are almost forty

different kinds of dolphins. These awesome animals easily swim
through the water. They use the flippers on their sides to help them
steer. Most dolphins have dorsal fins. This is used for more than just scaring swimming tourists. It is designed to
help a dolphin keep its balance.

Dolphins are mammals. They are warm blooded just like us. Like humans, they also have a backbone and give
birth to live young called calves. Mother dolphins feed their calves milk from their bodies. Dolphins have soft
skin that feels a lot like rubber. Some people even say that their skin kind of feels like a hot dog!

A group of dolphins is called a pod. Dolphins can be found in different water habitats. There are many
saltwater dolphins that live in the world's oceans and seas. There are also many different kinds of freshwater
dolphins. They live in South American and Asian rivers. Dolphins all hold their breath to swim deep underwater.
Some can hold their breath for more than fifteen minutes! Eventually, they must return to the surface for more air.
Special blowholes on top of the dolphins' heads allow them to do this. Many dolphins will jump and dance on top
of the water before diving back down. It is a beautiful sight to see.

The next time I go swimming in the ocean, I am definitely going to peek for a pod before diving in. It might be
really fun to swim with a dorsal-finned animal, but only if that dorsal fin belongs to a dolphin!

Don't Worry About That Dorsal Fin!

Questions
1. Where could you find a pod of freshwater dolphins?

2. The author probably wrote this passage to ______.

A. inform you about dolphins
B. describe how to spot a shark in the ocean
C. demonstrate how to escape from a dangerous ocean animal
D. persuade you to swim with dolphins

3. In this passage the word calves means ______.

A. pieces of ice no longer attached to a glacier
B. lower leg muscles
C. baby cows
D. baby dolphins

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4. What can the reader conclude after reading this passage?

A. Swimming in the ocean is always dangerous.
B. There is only one type of dolphin.
C. It would be possible to see a type of dolphin in varying water habitats.
D. Dolphins and sharks are related.

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Passive Versus Active Learning

By Patti Hutchison

We've all joked about doing it. Some of us have even tried it- putting the textbook under our pillows the night
before the test. We hope that the material will magically filter into our brains as we sleep. Of course, it doesn't
work. We need to learn how to study actively.

Many students take a passive approach to learning. They think as long as they read the textbook and listen to
the lecture, they'll get it. They might even read over their notes now and then. But when it comes time to take the
test, they don't have a clue. But hey, they studied, right? Wrong!

To really learn, you have to get active. You have to get "into" your studies. Get in the "zone!" You can't just sit
back and hope it comes to you. You have to go after the grades you want.

First of all, you need to really understand what you are studying. Start with the vocabulary. As you are reading
in your textbook, you are bound to come across some words you don't know. Look them up in the glossary or in a
dictionary. Use the context of the sentence to help you figure out the meaning of the word. Try to come up with a
simpler word to replace the unknown word. You can't understand the material if you don't know the vocabulary.

Next, connect new learning to things you already know. Whenever possible, connect new information to real
life. If you are studying something that is hard to connect, then find another way. Read a book about the same
subject written at a lower grade level. Or watch a movie or documentary about the subject. Research shows that if
you can connect new information to old learning or real life, you are much more likely to remember it.

If you don't understand something, ask someone for help. Ask your teacher. Go to the library or learning center.
Ask your older siblings or your parents. Ask someone! Your teacher will tell you that there is no such thing as a
dumb question. Do whatever it takes to help yourself understand.

Lastly, never give up! Don't throw your hands up in the air and say you're just dumb. Everyone can learn.
However, we all learn at different rates and in different ways. There's an old joke that goes like this: A woman
was lost in New York City. She was trying to find Carnegie Hall, a place where the most famous musicians play.
She asked a man, "How do you get to Carnegie Hall?"

The man answered, "Practice a lot." With the right amount of ACTIVE practice, you can learn anything!

Passive Versus Active Learning

Questions
1. Reading over the textbook and listening to the lecture is what kind of study strategy?
A. passive
B. kinesthetic
C. active

2. What should you do if you come across a word you don't know while reading the textbook?
A. don't worry about it.
B. skip over it.
C. look it up.

3. In order to understand something new, you should:

A. connect it to something you already know
B. ask questions about it
C. both A and B

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4. If you have trouble understanding something, you will probably never get it.
A. false
B. true

5. Name two ways to connect new learning in order to help you understand it.

6. Name two ways to study actively.

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Betty Ford
By Meg Leonard

Betty Ford was born in 1918 in Chicago. Her family moved to Michigan. Betty
loved to dance. After high school, she went to school to study dance. She met Martha
Graham. She danced with one of Graham's troupes in New York City. After five years,
Betty moved back to Michigan to be near family. She started a dance group there. She
taught dance to children with handicaps. Betty met Gerald Ford in 1947. They were
married the next year. Gerald was elected to Congress two weeks after the wedding.
He was in Congress for twenty-five years. Betty took care of their four children. She
volunteered a lot. Gerald was planning on retiring in 1973. However, President Nixon
nominated Gerald to be the new vice president. Vice President Spiro Agnew was
stepping down. Ford took Agnew's place. A short time later, Nixon resigned. Ford
became the new president. Betty was the new First Lady. She continued to volunteer.
Betty spoke her mind. She was not afraid to give her own opinions. Gerald was not
elected to a full term as president. The Fords moved to California. In 1978, Betty
checked into a treatment facility. She had been abusing prescription drugs and alcohol.
Her family helped her get the help she needed to get better. Today, the Betty Ford
Center is one of the best places in the world to get help for addictions. Gerald died in
2006. Betty died almost five years later at the age of 93.

Betty Ford

Questions
1. Who was Betty Ford?
A. a dancer
B. a wife
C. a mother
D. all of the above

2. How many children did the Fords have?

A. six
B. eight
C. four
D. two

3. How did Gerald Ford become president?

A. The Supreme Court chose him as the president.
B. Congress chose him to be president.
C. Nixon nominated him as vice president. Then Nixon resigned as president.
D. He was elected.

4. How did Betty spend her free time?

A. volunteering
B. rock climbing
C. sewing
D. swimming

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A Donkey and a Hare

By Colleen Messina

I am a homonym that can be spelled two ways, and I have more than one
meaning. Spelled one way, I can refer to a small donkey that is often used as a pack
animal. One person actually called this member of the horse family "an animal
all-terrain vehicle" because it can travel over rugged, mountainous terrain. In Shrek,
a silly, slightly annoying donkey is not a practical pack animal, but that character is
helpful in other ways. Spelled another way, I can refer to a hole in the ground made
by a small animal such as a rabbit. As a verb, this word means to dig. See if you
can fill in the blanks in the following sentences: A ________ ran down a wet street.
The donkey had such muddy feet! In a ________, warm and dry, a rabbit watched
him trotting by.

A Donkey and a Hare

Questions
1. Which small animal is mentioned in this paragraph?
A. gopher
B. kitten
C. rabbit
D. mole

2. Which movie features a donkey character?

A. Shrek
B. Superman
C. Titanic
D. none of the above

3. A donkey can never go over mountainous terrain.

A. true
B. false

4. Which words fill in the blanks in the sentences in this paragraph?

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Todd the Arctic Fox

By Mary Lynn Bushong

Todd watched the polar bear on the slope below him. The fox knew
the bear would not see him against the solid white background of snow.

The Inuit hunter hadn't seen Todd either as he had sighted down his
rifle at the walruses on the ice. His kill had startled the other huge
animals so they fled into the icy water.

The bloody streak in the snow was all that was left after the hunter
had dragged the walrus away. The bear sniffed around it, looked out
across the water, and then followed the hunter's trail.

Todd got up and stretched. He needed to hunt for himself. The thick
hair on his paws acted like snow shoes. They allowed him to walk over
the thin crust that formed on the snow.

From time to time he cocked his ears, listening for sounds of life beneath the snow. He stopped and listened
more. Suddenly he reared up and came down on his front paws. They broke through the crust and he thrust his
nose into the soft whiteness below. A quick poke, a bite, and he had his lemming--a mouse-like animal.

The lemming made a quick meal, but it would take many more than that to keep Todd in prime condition. He
licked his lips and began listening for another one.

Todd didn't eat just lemmings. Like other foxes, he would not ignore arctic hares, ptarmigan, bird eggs, and
leftovers from a polar bear meal. If the food was in season, and available, it became a meal for the fox.

The white fox kept alert to the sounds, sights, and smells around him. On the snow he was hard to see, but his
scent carried on the wind, and animals like wolves and polar bears didn't mind eating foxes.

Winter melted into spring. Todd and his mate Vixen had a litter of kits to care for. Their large den held not
only them, but also four of their daughters from the previous year.

All of them hunted to provide food for the kits. Sometimes one of the young foxes would stay behind and give
her mother a chance to go out and hunt.

With the change of season came a change of coat for the fox family. They lost the dense white coat that kept
them so warm through the frigid weather.

The new coat was in gray and brown colors and was shorter than the winter coat. It allowed the foxes to blend
in with the snowless terrain.

It was a good year for lemmings. The little animals were everywhere. The baby foxes were well fed by their
mother, and before long, their inquisitive faces were taking their first looks outside the den at the world around
them.

By early summer, they were having a marvelous time rolling around in front of the den. At least one older
sister or a parent was always around to watch for danger. A wolf wouldn't think twice about snatching one or
more for an easy meal.

Even the snowy owl might consider taking one of the kits. It was just as well the lemmings were plentiful.
They were much better prey to feed her clutch of babies.

At the end of the summer, Todd sat on a rise near the den. The Northern lights were starting to dance across
the sky, and the first hint of winter's chill was in the air. Soon his coat would be as white as the snow. He couldn't
complain. The kits were nearly grown, and they were all well fed. It had been a good year.

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Todd the Arctic Fox

Questions
1. What color is an arctic fox in winter?
A. White
B. Gray
C. Red
D. Black

2. Todd watched a hunter kill a walrus.

A. True
B. False

3. Todd's big feet helped him to walk on the snow.

A. False
B. True

4. Todd was hunting ______.

A. Lemmings
B. Hares
C. Insects
D. Mice

5. Todd found prey by:

A. Listening for it
B. Smelling it
C. Tasting the air
D. Looking for it

6. What animals would eat the baby foxes?

A. Polar bear
B. Wolf
C. Snowy owl
D. All of the above

7. Arctic foxes change from white to gray and brown coats in the summer.
A. False
B. True

8. Northern lights are only seen in the winter.

A. False
B. True

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About Asparagus
By Beth Beutler

It was about 10:30 in the morning on a sunny Saturday in spring. I looked out
my bedroom window and saw Grandpa out in his garden. I was blessed to live
next door to my grandparents. I bounded downstairs and outside to talk to
Grandpa, one of my best friends.

"Hi, Grandpa!" I greeted as I squatted down next to him.

"Hi, Squirt," Grandpa said, affectionately patting me on the shoulder.

"What are you doing today, Grandpa?"

"I'm picking asparagus," he replied.

I wrinkled my nose. "Yuk," I said.

Grandpa chuckled. "Asparagus is not so bad. I like how it tastes, and it's an interesting vegetable."

"How can asparagus be interesting?" I asked.

Grandpa stood up and stretched his long legs.

"Well, for one thing, after eating asparagus, you might notice a funny smell when you use the restroom," he
said with a wink.

My eyes opened wide. "What?"

Grandpa went on. "When some people eat asparagus, their bodies convert the nutrients into something that can
cause urine to have a funny smell. It's not alarming. Just interesting!"

"What else do you know about asparagus, Grandpa? You've been growing it a long time."

"Yes. Grandma and I really like freshly steamed asparagus stalks with a little bit of butter. Yum!"

Grandpa and I started strolling toward the carrot patch as he told me more.

"Asparagus is related to the lily family. It is a cousin to garlic and onions, but it doesn't smell as strong."

"Except when you use the restroom, right, Grandpa?"

A laugh erupted from Grandpa's belly. "That's right, Squirt."

Grandpa went on. "Asparagus can be green, white, or purple. I start mine with seeds, which form a crown. I
then plant the crown, and the asparagus spears grow year after year. It's great that I don't have to re-plant them.
Because they come back each year, they are called "perennials."

"I still don't like them, Grandpa."

"It would be great if you could learn to, Squirt. Asparagus contains potassium, which is good for your muscles.
It also has vitamin C, which helps you stay healthy. Plus, you can eat it alone or mixed with other vegetables, rice,
or pasta."

I thought about that. Maybe I could learn to like asparagus. "Okay, Grandpa, I'll try to learn to like it. It's funny
how something that can cause a bad smell can also help me feel good!"

Grandpa and I laughed. "Let's go pick some for lunch," Grandpa suggested, and back to the asparagus patch
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we went.

About Asparagus

Questions
1. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned for the color of asparagus?
A. green
B. white
C. blue
D. purple

2. Write the name of one of the nutrients found in asparagus.

3. Asparagus continues to grow year after year.

A. true
B. false

4. Because of asparagus's life cycle, it is considered a ______ plant.

5. What is a funny thing that happens to some people after eating asparagus?

6. What family is asparagus related to?

7. What other two vegetables are related to the asparagus?

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