Scribd
Upload
74 views39 pages

MEE 2020 Metal Forming Theory and Practice: Lecture - 2

1) Slipline field analysis is a more accurate method to analyze metal forming processes compared to slab analysis as it considers non-homogeneous deformation. 2) In slipline field analysis, the deformation is assumed to be plane strain type with no strain hardening, constant shear stress at interfaces, and rigid plastic material. 3) The methodology involves formulating differential equations, constructing a slip line field graphically using maximum and minimum shear lines, determining integral constants from known stresses, and calculating the forming load.

Uploaded by

Aayush K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views39 pages

MEE 2020 Metal Forming Theory and Practice: Lecture - 2

1) Slipline field analysis is a more accurate method to analyze metal forming processes compared to slab analysis as it considers non-homogeneous deformation. 2) In slipline field analysis, the deformation is assumed to be plane strain type with no strain hardening, constant shear stress at interfaces, and rigid plastic material. 3) The methodology involves formulating differential equations, constructing a slip line field graphically using maximum and minimum shear lines, determining integral constants from known stresses, and calculating the forming load.

Uploaded by

Aayush K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

MEE 2020

METAL FORMING THEORY AND PRACTICE

Lecture - 2
Plasticity

• Hooke s law is not valid


• Not reversible
• Loading path is important
• No easily measured constants wrt stress &
strain
• Strain hardening – Mathematical complexity
Theory of plasticity
Designer
• Max load that can cause yielding

Metal Formers
• Extensive plastic deformation
The flow curve
Flow curve
• Recoverable elastic strain
• Anelastic behaviour – Neglected in theory of
plasticity
• Bauschinger effect – Neglected in plastic
theory
Flow curves
For large plastic strains
Assumption – Constancy of Volume
Engg stress – Engg strain calculation
Uniaxial tension test – Yield stress – Macroscopically

Combined stress – Combination of principal stresses

Hydrostatic stress do not cause yielding

Stress deviator

Isotropic material – Independent of axes – Invariant

Yielding criterion – function of invariant of stress deviator


• Yielding depends on all 3 values of principal stresses
• Squared terms – independent of sign of individual stresses
• No necessary to know which is the highest &lowest principal
stresses
• Physical meaning – Yielding occurs when distortion energy
reaches a critical value
• Distortion energy – Total strain energy/Vol
• Less complicated mathematically
• Intermediate principal stress not considered
• Representation of complex state of stress

• Flow curve with invariants of stress & strain –


uniaxial tension & biaxial torsion of a tube will
coincide
• Slab analysis of the forming process is considered approximate due
to the assumption of homogeneous deformation of material.

• Slipline field analysis is more accurate as it considers the non-


homogeneous deformation also.
• This method is widely applied for forming processes such as rolling,
strip drawing, slab extrusion etc.

• Slipline field analysis is based on the important assumptions that


the deformation of material is plane strain type

 no strain hardening of the material


 constant shear stress at interfaces
 the material is rigid plastic.
• The general methodology of this analysis can be
described by the following steps:

• First differential equations in terms of mean


stress and deviator stress for plane strain
deformation are formulated

• Slip line field is constructed graphically out of


orthogonal maximum and minimum shear lines.

• From known stress at some point, the integral


constants are determined.

• From this the forming load can be found.


• What are sliplines?
 They are planes of maximum shear, which are oriented at 45
degrees to the axes of principal stresses. Maximum and
minimum slip lines are orthogonal.
• What is plane strain deformation?
 It is a type of plastic deformation in which the material flow
in one of the three principal directions is constrained.
 The material strain in the third direction is zero.
 This is possible by the application of a constraint force along
the third direction.
 All displacements are restricted to xy plane, for example.
Examples for this type of deformation include strip rolling,
strip extrusion etc.
• Constraint to deformation along the third axis
could be introduced either through the die
wall or through the rigid material adjacent to
deforming material, which prevents the flow.

• The basis for slipline field analysis is the fact


that the general state of stress on a solid in
plane strain deformation can be represented
by the sum of two types of stresses, namely
the mean stress and the pure shear stress.
Illustration of the slip line field analysis

A hodograph is a
diagram that gives
a vectorial visual
representation of
the movement of a
body or a fluid. It is
the locus of one end
of a variable vector,
with the other end
fixed. The position
of any plotted data
on such a diagram is
proportional to the
velocity of the
moving particle.

You might also like