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A#8 Solid Waste Management

This document contains an assignment on solid waste management with two problems. The first problem asks to determine the weight of sawdust required per kg of vegetable waste to achieve a C:N ratio of 20 for composting. The second problem asks to calculate how long it will take for 90% of the gas to be produced from two types of waste disposed in a landfill, one with a half-life of 6 years and the other 3 years.

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John Andrae Manglo
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120 views2 pages

A#8 Solid Waste Management

This document contains an assignment on solid waste management with two problems. The first problem asks to determine the weight of sawdust required per kg of vegetable waste to achieve a C:N ratio of 20 for composting. The second problem asks to calculate how long it will take for 90% of the gas to be produced from two types of waste disposed in a landfill, one with a half-life of 6 years and the other 3 years.

Uploaded by

John Andrae Manglo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Name:
Manglo, John Andrae B.

Prepare clean and clear solutions to the following problems.

1. Nonlegume vegetable wastes have a moisture content of 80% and are 4% N of a dry mass basis. The vegetable wastes
are to be composted with readily available sawdust. The sawdust has a moisture content of 50% and is 0.1% N on a dry
mass basis. The desired C:N for the mixture is 20. The C:N ratio for vegetable wastes is 11 and the C:N ratio for sawdust is
500. Determine the weight of sawdust required per kilogram of vegetable waste that results in an initial C:N ratio of 20.

Assume 1 kg of non legume vegetable waste dry mass.


Let X = kg of sawdust on a dry mass basis.

From vegetable waste:


Dry mass nitrogen = 1 kg × (1 – 0.8) × 0.040 = 0.008 kg
Dry mass carbon = 1 kg × (1 – 0.8) × 0.040 × 11 = 0.088 kg

From sawdust:
Dry mass nitrogen = X × (1 – 0.5) × 0.001 = 0.0005 × X
Dry mass carbon = X × (1 – 0.5) × 0.001 × 500 = 0.25 × X

For the C: N Ratio:

(mass carbon from vegetable waste + mass carbon from sawdust)


20 = (mass nitrogen from vegetable waste mass + nitrogen from sawdust)

(0.088 + 0.25 ×X )
20 = X= 0.30 kg
(0.008 + 0.0005 × X)

2. Equal amounts of two types of waste are disposed into a section of a landfill. They both start producing gas at t=0, so
there is no lag time. Assume first order decay for gas production. Each type of waste can produce 150 L methane per kg
of waste. Waste A produces gas with a half-life of 6 years, and waste B produces gas with a half-life of 3 years. How long
until 90% of each gas has been produced?

Tot. Cumul. Gas (t) = Cumul Gas A (t) * Cumul Gas B (t)

Tot. Cumul. Gas (t) = 150x*(1 – exp(-kAt)) + 150x * (1 – exp(-kBt))

0.9 * 300x = 150x*(1 – exp(-kAT)) + 150x * (1 – exp(-kBT))

use half-lives instead of k values

270 = 150*(1 – exp(T*(0.693/6)) + 150*(1 – exp(T*(0.693/3))

Or 0.2 = exp (-T*0.693/6) + exp(-T*0.693/3)

Page 1 of 2
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

- By Iteration

We got X= 15.3 or 15 years

3. The mass composition of dry paper is 43% carbon, 6% hydrogen, 44% oxygen and 7% others. Estimate the volume of air
required to burn 1 kg dry paper. Assume carbon dioxide and water are the only products of combustion of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. Assume a temperature of 20 C and a pressure of 1 atm.

Element Mass g/kg of MW in g/mol No. of mol of


paper paper per kg/mol
Carbon 430 12 35.83

Hydrogen 60 1 60

Oxygen 440 16 27.5

(35.83 mol C *(1 mol O2/1 mol C)) + (60 mol H* ((1/4 mol O2)/1 mol H)) – (27.5 mol O *((1/2 mol O2)/1 mol O))

= 37.08 mol O2

PV=nRT

𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚 273+20 𝐾
V= (37.08 mol O2 * 0.082 * )= 890.88 L O2
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚

890.88 L O2 * ( 1 L air / 0.21 L O2) = 4242.29 L Air

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