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Shear and Moment Diagrams of An Overhung Beam Using Singularity Functions

This document summarizes the steps to determine and plot the shear and moment diagrams for an overhung beam with an applied moment and ramp load. It provides the equations to calculate the shear and moment functions, including the constants of integration and reaction forces. It then evaluates the functions over a range of x values and plots the resulting shear and moment diagrams, noting that the maximum moment occurs at a distance c from the fixed end, where the shear is zero.

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Diana Wagner Winter
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39 views5 pages

Shear and Moment Diagrams of An Overhung Beam Using Singularity Functions

This document summarizes the steps to determine and plot the shear and moment diagrams for an overhung beam with an applied moment and ramp load. It provides the equations to calculate the shear and moment functions, including the constants of integration and reaction forces. It then evaluates the functions over a range of x values and plots the resulting shear and moment diagrams, noting that the maximum moment occurs at a distance c from the fixed end, where the shear is zero.

Uploaded by

Diana Wagner Winter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXAMPLE 3-4

Shear and Moment Diagrams of an Overhung Beam Using Singularity Functions

Problem Determine and plot the shear and moment functions for the overhung beam with an
applied moment and ramp load shown in Figure 3-22c.

Given Beam length


L: 10 in
Distance to load w
a: 4 in
Applied moment
M1: 20 lbf in Note 1.
Ramp slope
w: 10 lbf / in in

Assumptions The weight of the beam is negligible compared to the applied load and so can be ignored.

Solution See Figures 3-22c and 3-26, and Excel file Ex03-04.xls.

1 Write an equation for the load function in terms of equations 3.17 and integrate the
q(x) = M1<x
resulting - 0>-2 twice
function + R1<xusing
- a>-1equations
- w<x - a>3.18
1
+ Rto2<x - l>-1 the shear and moment functions.
obtain (a)
For
V(x)the
= Mbeam
<x - in -1Figure
0> + R 3-22c,
<x - a> 0
– (w/2)<x - a> 2
+ R <x - l>0
+ C
1 1 2 1 (b)
M(x) = M1<x - 0>0 + R1<x - a>1 – (w/6)<x - a>3 + R2<x - l>1 + C1x + C2 (c)

2 As demonstrated in the previous two examples, the constants of integration C 1 and C2 will
always be zero if the reaction forces are included in the load function. So we will set
them to zero.

3 The reaction forces R1 and R2 can be calculated from equations (c) and (b) respectively
by substituting the boundary conditions x = L+, V = 0, M = 0. Note that we can substitute
L for L+ since their difference is vanishingly small.
M(l) = M1<l>0 + R1<l - a>1 – (w/6)<l - a>3 + R2<l - l>1 = 0 (d)
M = M1 + R1*(l-a) – (w/6)*(l-a)3 = 0

R1: 56.67 lbf =((w*(L-a)^2)/6)-(Mone/(L-a))

V(l) = M1<l>-1 + R1<l - a>0 – (w/2)<l - a>2 + R2<l - l>0 = 0 (e)


V = R1 – (w/2)*(l-a) + R2 = 0
2

R2: 123.33 lbf =(w/2)*(L-a)^2-Rone

Note that equation (d) is just ΣMz = 0, and equation (e) is ΣFy = 0
4 To generate the shear and moment functions over the length of the beam, equations (b)
and (c) must be evaluated for a range of values of x from 0 to L, after substituting the
above values of C1, C2, R1, and R2 in them. For an Excel solution, include an IF() function
of the form IF(x>=z,1,0). This will evaluate to a value of zero when x is less than the
dummy variable z, and a value of one when it is greater than or equal to z. It will have
the same effect as the singularity function.

Write the shear and moment equations in Excel form, using the logical evaluation
IF(x>=z,1,0) as a multiplying factor to get the effect of the singularity functions.

x (in) V (lb) Note 2.


0.0 0.0 =Rone*IF(x>=a,1,0)*((1))-(w/2)*IF(x>=a,1,0)*(x-a)^2+Rtwo*IF(x>=L,1,0)*((1))
0.5 0.0
1.0 0.0 M (lb in) Note 3.
1.5 0.0 20.0 =Mone*IF(x>=0,1,0)*((1))+Rone*IF(x>=a,1,0)*(x-a)^1
2.0 0.0 20.0 -(w/6)*IF(x>=a,1,0)*(x-a)^3+Rtwo*IF(x>=L,1,0)*(x-L)^1
2.5 0.0 20.0
3.0 0.0 20.0 S h e a r , V (lb ) y -d ir e c tio n Note 4.
3.5 0.0 20.0
4.0 56.7 20.0
4.5 55.4 20.0
5.0 51.7 20.0
5.5 45.4 20.0
6.0 36.7 48.1 80
6.5 25.4 75.0 60
40
7.0 11.7 99.4
20
7.5 -4.6 120.0 0
8.0 -23.3 135.6 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8.5 -44.6 145.0 -40
-60
9.0 -68.3 146.9 -80
9.5 -94.6 140.0 -100
M o m e n t , M ( lb in ) z - d ir e c t io n

10.0 0.0 123.1 -120


Distance along beam, x (in)
95.0
54.4
0.0

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Distance along beam, x (in)

FIGURE 3-26. Example 3-4 Graphs


5 The largest absolute values of the shear and moment functions are of interest for the
calculation of stresses in the beam. The graphs (below) show that the shear force is
largest at x = l and the moment has a maximum to the right of the beam center. The
value of x at Mmax can be found by setting V to 0 in equation (b) and solving for x. (The
shear function is the derivative of the moment function and so must be zero at each of
the moment function's minima and maxima.) Let the distance along the beam from the
origin to the point where V = 0 be c,

V(c) = R1<c - a>0 – (w/2)<c - a>2 + R2<c - l>0 = 0 (f)


Solving for c
R1 = (w/2)*(c-a)2 = 0

c: 7.367 in =SQRT((2*Rone)/w)+a Note 5.

The maximum moment is found by evaluating equation (c) at x = c:


M(c) = M1<c>0 + R1<c - a>1 – (w/6)<c - a>3 + R2<c - l>1 = Mmax (g)

Mmax: 147.18 lbf in =Mone+Rone*(cVal-a)-(w/6)*(cVal-a)^3


wo*IF(x>=L,1,0)*((1))

,1,0)*(x-L)^1

8 9 10
(in)
Comments on Excel Solution: EX03-04

Note 1. The cell containing the value of variable M1 has been named Mone since "cell M1" has
another meaning in Excel.

Note 2. The terms (x-a)^0 and (x-L)^0 were replaced by ((1)) to avoid the error messages Excel
returns on 0^0.

Note 3. The terms (x-0)^0 was replaced by ((1)) to avoid the error messages Excel returns on
0^0.

Note 4. The steep, but less than vertical slopes on the second and fourth segments of the shear
curve result from the finite step size used when creating the x vector. A much smaller Δx
would have produced a more nearly vertical segment.

Note 5. The cell containing the c value was named cVal because entering c in the name box has
another meaning in Excel (select column).

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