QUALITY PROCEDURE

PROTECTION COMMISSIONING

Protection Commissioning Procedures

Prepared By
Ra’ed Eftieha
Commissioning Departments / Protection section

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 OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this manual is to standardize DEWA testing procedure;

to help the protection engineers carry out their works effectively to extent
possible; and to ensure that protection equipment ready to operate properly
when required.
The topics included are grouped in separate chapters; a sample graphics is
given to generate clear idea.

SCOPE

This document explains the pre-commissioning & testing procedure of the

protection components & protection schemes tests.

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BASIC PROTECTION CONCEPTS

DEWA Protection Engineer needs to understand

Protection system is a collective term, which refers to all the equipment

used for detecting locating and initiating the removal of a fault from a
power system.

The relay is the heart of the protection system, which continuously senses
the conditions of the power system by analyzing the current and voltage
signal and detecting any abnormality, which exceeds the setting and initiates
the disconnection of the faulty part of the power system.

Why we need protection?

• Detect faults and abnormal condition
• Isolate faulty equipment
• Limit damage caused by faults
• Limit effect on rest of the system

Important consideration when applying protection

• Type of faults and abnormal condition to be protected against.
• Quantities available for measurement
• Basic protection methods.
• Zones of protection relays.
• Overlap of protections

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CONTENTS

Chapter Section Subject Page

1. Protection Component test 6
1.1 CT test procedure 6
1.2 Voltage transformer test procedure 8
1.3 Tripping relay component test 9
1.4 TSS relay Test Procedure 10
1.5 TCS relay Test Procedure 10
1.6 transformers Differential relay
(DUOBIAS) Test Procedure 11
1.7 Test Procedure Of Line Differential
Protection Relays (Type Micom P543, P542&
P541) 13
1.8 Test Procedure Of Line Differential
Protection Relay (type 7SD611) 17
1.9 Test procedure for MCAG 14 & 34 20
2.0 Test Procedure of O/C & E/F 22
2. Protection scheme test 22
1.0 secondary injection test 22
1.1 Primary injection test 22
1.2 TCS scheme test 23
1.3 Trip logic test 24
1.4 Sensitivity& Stability Test Procedure for Trn.
Differential Protection 26
1.5 Sensitivity& Stability Test Procedure For
HV REF Protection for IDT’s 28
1.6 Sensitivity& Stability Test Procedure For Bas
Bar protection
1.7 Test Procedure for Distance End
To End Test 35
1.8 test procedure for line differential protection
end to end test 36
1.9 On Load Test Procedure for DEF 38
2.0 On Load Test Procedure for DOC 38
2.1 Test Procedure for Line Differential 39
Protections (On Load Test)

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 2.2 On Load Test Procedure for Distance
Protection 39
3. Appendix
site test sheets

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.1- Current transformer test procedure

1. Insulation test: -
• All the deliberate earth connection on the CT should first be removed, for
example earth links.
• The insulation resistance should be measured to earth and between
separate cores

2. CT internal Impedance test

• The check is carried out by Ohmmeter; the leakage reactance is very low
and usually ignored.
Thus ZCT ≈ RCT

3. Polarity check
• Each CT should be tested to verify that the primary & secondary polarity
markings are correct and this test can be done by applying low DC voltage
(9 V dc) on the primary winding (positive should be apply to P1 &
negative to P2) and connecting analog dc ammeter to the secondary side,
the positive side of the ammeter to S1 & the ammeter common side to S2,
on applying the voltage the dc ammeter should give a positive flick and on
removing the voltage the dc ammeter should give a negative flick.
Therefore when current flows from P1 to P2 it is transferred and flows
through the external secondary circuit from S1 to S2. Typically P2/S2 is
always towards the item of the system being protected.

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

4. Magnetization curve
• Several points should be checked on each CT mag curve, this can be done
by energizing the secondary winding from the local main supply through
variable auto transformer while the primary circuit remain open, first we
have to re-magnetizing the CT by rising the voltage till we got rated
current value of the secondary winding then we have to reduce the voltage
to zero again.
The mag curve is measured at suitable intervals of applied voltage, until
the magnetizing current is seen to rise very rapidly (50%) for small
increase in voltage (10 %).
Care must be taken that the test equipment is suitably rated, if it found that
the CT have knee point voltage higher than the local mains supply , in this
case a set up transformer must be used to obtain the necessary voltage to
test the Mag curve.

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

5. Ratio check
This check is carried out by primary injection, the ratio of the primary current
value to the secondary current value measured should approximate to the ratio
marked on the nameplate

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1.2- Voltage transformer test procedure

1. Insulation test
• All the deliberate earth connection on the VT should first be removed, for
example earth links.
• The insulation resistance should be measured to earth and between separate
cores.

2. Polarity test.
• The voltage transformer polarity can be checked using the method for the CT
polarity tests. Care must be taken to connect the battery supply to the primary
winding, with the polarity ammeter connected to secondary winding. If the
voltage Transformer is of the capacitor type , then the polarity of the VT at the
bottom of the capacitor stack should be checked

3. Ratio check
• This check can be carried out by applying voltage to the primary winding,
measuring the voltage across the VT secondary winding, the ratio of primary
voltage to secondary voltage to be compared with the ratio shown on the
nameplate.

Remember

1. Correct connection of CTs & VTs to the protection is

important, in practical for directional, distance, phase
comparison and differential protections.
2. Never open CT secondary circuit so never fuse CT
circuits.
3. VT must be fused or protected by MCB.
4. Confirm wire test blocks in circuit (both VT&CT) to allow
commissioning and maintenance testing of relays.
5. Earth CT & VT circuits at one point on.
6. Wire gauge ≥ 2.5 mm2.

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.3 Tripping & Aux relays test procedure

This procedure is applicable for the testing of tripping, Auxiliary and supervisory relay
used in 400/132kv system

GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:
i) Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
ii) Relay case connected to local earth bars
iii) Insulation resistance with 500v megger
iv) Supply connected to correct terminal
v) Operation of output contacts
vi) Operation of mechanical flag & resetting arm
vii) Sr.no on modules, case & cover identical
viii) Dc consumption at rated voltage
ix) Relay pickup voltage & pick up current
x) Relay drop off voltage &current
xi) Relay operating time
xii) Relay reset time.

1.4 Trip supply supervision relay Test Procedure

This procedure is applicable for the testing of trip supply supervision relay used in
400/132kv system

GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:
i) Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
ii) Relay case connected to local earth bars
iii) Insulation resistance with 500v megger
iv) Supply connected to correct terminal
v) Operation of output contacts
vi) Operation of mechanical flag & resetting arm
vii) Sr.no on modules, case & cover identical
viii) Dc consumption at rated voltage
ix) Relay pickup voltage & pick up current
x) Relay drop off voltage &current
xi) Relay operating time
xii) Relay reset time.

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.5 Trip circuit supervision relay Test Procedure

This procedure is applicable for the testing of trip circuit supervision relay used in
400/132kv system

GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:

1. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings

2. Relay case connected to local earth bars
3. Insulation resistance with 500v megger
4. Supply connected to correct terminal
5. Operation of output contacts
6. Operation of mechanical flage & resetting arm
7. Sr.no on modules, case & cover identical
8. Relay pickup voltage & pick up current
9. Relay drop off voltage &current
10. Relay operating time

1.6 transformers Differential relay DUOBIAS Test Procedure

This procedure is applicable for the testing of transformer Differential relay DUOBIAS
used in 400/132kv system

Equipment & instrument required:

• Three phase computerized secondary injection kit (Omicron or Frega 300 or ISA)
• 500 V insulation test set
• Calibrated Multi-meters

GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:
1. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
2. Relay case connected to local earth bars
3. Insulation resistance with 500v megger
4. Aux. Supply connected to correct terminal
5. Quiescent current operation condition
6. Relay test block ct shorting proved

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

Metering Check:
The inspector has to check the metering element by applying current and record the
instrument display

CT multiplication factor
The inspector has to change the setting of the CT multiplication factor , applying current
and record the instrument display

I.P.C.T. connection test

The inspector has to change the setting of the I.P.C.T. Applying current and record the
instrument display

Bias Characteristic test

Prepare the test set arrangement as shown in the manual for bias characteristic tests, the
relay must be set to the following settings:
1. Differential initial setting is to be the same as differential bias slope.
2. HV I.P.CT multiplication factor should be 1
3. LV I.P.CT multiplication factor should be 1
4. HV I.P.CT connection 1
5. LV I.P.CT connection 1
Operation of the relay will be shown on the LED Differential phases, the differential
current is the same current indicated on ammeter A2
Test has to be repeated for other phases

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.7- TEST PROCEDURE OF LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

RELAYS (TYPE MICOM P543, P542& P541)

By following DEWA standard test sheet, the inspector has to check & fill the following

1.7.1 GENERAL INSPECTION

1. Relay DATA (Current rating, voltage frequency Model number...etc)
2. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
3. Relay case connected to local earth bars.
4. Aux. Supply connected to correct terminal (It is important that the DC
supplies are wired with correct polarity)
5. Sr.no on modules, case & cover identical
6. Pickup Aux voltage

1.7.2 WATCHDOG RELAY CHECK

The inspector has to check the status of watchdog contacts when the relay energized &
De-energized.

1.7.3 OPTO INPUT, OUTPUT CONTACT & LED CHECK

The inspector has to check

• The status & the operation of all LED’s on the relay front panel.
• The operation of relay output contact & the contact resistance in the closed state
(R output contact ≤ 1.0 Ω)
• The functional & voltage (pickup/drop-off) values for each Binary input.

1.7.4 Measurement Check:

This test verifies that the accuracy of the current measurement is within the acceptable
tolerance.
The inspector has to check the metering element by applying current equal to the relay
rated current to each current transformer input and checking its magnitude, the measured
current values displayed on the relay LCD (MEASUREMENTS1/ Local current, Remote
current, Diff current & Bias current).

1.7.5 PICKUP TEST:

This test verifies that the sensitivity of the relay pick-up is within the acceptable
tolerance.
Inject current less than ‘I threshold’ value onto one phase each time, slowly increase the
current until the relay picked up, record the value, Gradually decrease the injected current
and record the value of the drop off.

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 Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.7.6 BIAS CHARACTERISTICS TEST:

Before starting this test, the relay should set to loop back mode by connecting the
Channel 1 transmit (Tx) and channel 1 receive (Rx) together, the relay will now respond
as if it is connected to remote relay with current at the remote end equal to and in phase
with the current injected at local end.
Connect the test circuit as shown in the following Figure

MMLG (Test Plug) Micom P543

21 22
Three phase computerized A )(
secondary injection kit R C3 C2
(Omicron or Frega 300 23 24
or ISA) Y A
)( C6 C5

25
B )(26
27
N )(28 C14 C15

R current is injected into the R phase, which is used as the Bias current, and another
current is injected into the Y phase, which is used as differential current. IR is always
greater than IY

LOWER SLOPE:
Adjust the test kit to give a bias current of 1Amp in R phase (terminal C3-C2), the relay
will trip, slowly increase the current in the Y phase from Zero until the Y phase trips ,
record Y phase current magnitude and check that it corresponds to the following Formula

Y phase operating current is 0.5*[IS1 + (IR * k1)] +/- 10% for IR < IS2

Repeat the above test for other phases.

UPPER SLOPE:
Adjust the test kit to give a bias current of 3Amp in R phase (terminal C3-C2), the relay
will trip, slowly increase the current in the Y phase from Zero until the Y phase trips ,
record Y phase current magnitude and check that it corresponds to the following Formula

Y phase operating current is 0.5*[IS1 + (IR * k2) – ((k2 – k1)*IS2) + IS1] 10% for IR > IS2

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1.7.7 BIAS CHARACTERISTICS OPERATING TIME TEST:

By using same test circuit as before, prepare for instantaneous injection of 1 AMP in the
R phase, with no current at Y, B phases. Connect the timer to start when the current
injection is applied and to stop when the trip occurs.
Note that to verify the correct out put contact use the trip contact that used to trip the CB.
Expected trip time is less than 35 msec.
Repeat the same test for other phases.

1.7.8 DISTANCE PROTECTION TEST: (P543, P544, P545 & P546 only)
If the distance protection function is being used, the reaches and time delays of the
distance functions should be tested.
The VT supervision may need to be disabled to avoid spurious pickup.

ZONE 1 REREACH TEST

Connect the test kit to the relay via test plug.
Apply a dynamic R phase to neutral fault, slightly in excess of the expected reach. The
duration of the injection should be in excess of the tZ1 timer setting Observe that no trip
should occur, and the red LED remain s off.
Reduce the impedance and reapply this case to the relay. This procedure should be
repeated until a trip occurs. To view alarm message press the read Key, repeat of this key
should be used to verify that R phase was the “start Element”.
Record the impedance at which the relay tripped. The measured impedance should be
within +/- 10% of the expected reach.
Repeat the above testing for other phases (phase-phase faults & phase to ground faults)

ZONE 2 REREACH TEST

Connect the test kit to the relay via test plug.
Apply a dynamic R phase to neutral fault, slightly in excess of the expected reach. The
duration of the injection should be in excess of the tZ2 timer setting Observe that no trip
should occur, and the red LED remain s off.
Reduce the impedance and reapply this case to the relay. This procedure should be
repeated until a trip occurs. To view alarm message press the read Key, repeat of this key
should be used to verify that R phase was the “start Element”.
Record the impedance at which the relay tripped. The measured impedance should be
within +/- 10% of the expected reach.
Repeat the above testing for other phases (phase-phase faults & phase to ground faults)

ZONE 3 REREACH TEST

Connect the test kit to the relay via test plug.
Apply a dynamic R phase to neutral fault, slightly in excess of the expected reach. The
duration of the injection should be in excess of the tZ3 timer setting Observe that no trip
should occur, and the red LED remain s off.

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

Reduce the impedance and reapply this case to the relay. This procedure should be
repeated until a trip occurs. To view alarm message press the read Key, repeat of this key
should be used to verify that R phase was the “start Element”.
Record the impedance at which the relay tripped. The measured impedance should be
within +/- 10% of the expected reach.
Repeat the above testing for other phases (phase-phase faults & phase to ground faults)

1.7.9 DISTANCE PROTECTION OPERATING TIME TEST:

Prepare a dynamic R phase to neutral fault, at the half Zone 1 reach. Connect the timer to
the start when the fault injection is applied, and to stop when the trip occurs, apply the
fault and record the phase R trip time.
Repeat the above test for all phase to phase faults and phase to ground faults for all the
Zones, the expected operating time is typically within +/- 5% of the tZ setting

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.8 TEST PROCEDURE FOR SIEMENS 7SD61

By following DEWA standard test sheet, the inspector has to check & fill the following

1.8.1 GENERAL INSPECTION

1. Relay DATA (MLFB Number of the relay, current rating, voltage
frequency Model number...etc) (Go to Setting by pressing Menu button.
Go to Setup / Extras. Go to MLFB / Version – MLFB is 7SD6101-4BB39-
0BA0-M2A)
2. Checking VD Address of the relay and the file created in DIGSI (The
primary condition for communication of DIGSI with the relay is both VD
addresses should match.
To check VD address in the relay: MENU - > SETTING -> SETUP /
EXTRAS -> DEVICE ID
to check VD address in the DIGSI: Right click the file -> Object
Properties -> Communication parameters -> VD address
3. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
4. Relay case connected to local earth bars.
5. Aux. Supply connected to correct terminal (It is important that the
DC supplies are wired with correct polarity)
6. Sr.No on modules, case & cover identical
7. Pickup Aux voltage
8. The power consumption of the relay at rated voltage. When the relay
energized & Quiescent.

1.8.2 WATCHDOG RELAY CHECK

The inspector has to check the status of watchdog contacts when the relay energized &
De-energized.

1.8.3 OPTO INPUT, OUTPUT CONTACT & LED CHECK

The inspector has to check

• The status & the operation of all LED’s on the relay front panel.
• The operation of relay output contact & the contact resistance in the closed state
(R output contact ≤ 1.0 Ω)
• The functional & voltage (pickup/drop-off) values for each Binary input.

1.8.4 THERMAL OVERLOAD TEST:

Select differential protection function off.
Select back up over current protection off.
Set thermal over load parameters as per the test sheet.
Configure LEDs as per test sheet

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

Inject equal current in all three phases (1.6 A per phase).

Record trip time from Omicron test kit.

1.8.5 BACKUP OVER CURRENT TEST:

Select differential protection function & thermal overload protection function off.
Set Backup over current parameters as per the test sheet; configure LEDs as per test
sheet.
Test to be conducted for each phase.
In Omicron, set current to little less than 1 A (0.95 A).
Increase the current till relay picks up.
For trip test, change the masking of the BO 5 from O/C pick up to O/C trip.
Select “Normal Inverse”, “Very Inverse” and “Extremely Inverse” in relay.
For checking DMT function, select current setting of IDMT as ∞ (infinity).
Select DMT parameters as per test sheet.
At the end of the test, set pick up the over current (I>, I>>, IDMT) as ∞ (infinity)

1.8.6 CURRENT COMPARISON PROTECTION TEST:

Before starting this test, the relay differential communication fiber (TX, RX ) should be
connected to other relay as if it is connected to remote end relay.

1.8.6.1 PICK UP VALUE OF DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT (I-DIFF>)

The differential protection should be switched ON at address 1201 (STAT of DIFF), the
current sensitivity is set with address 1210 (I-DIFF>) it is determined by the entire
current flowing into a protected zone in case of fault. This is the total fault current
regardless of how it is distributed between the ends of the protected Line.
To test I-diff> Inject 0.15 A in all three phases, then increase one phase till relay trips.

1.8.6.2 PICK UP VALUE DURING SWITCH –ON (I-DIFF>SWITCH ON)

This pickup value is always active when a device has recognized the connection of a dead
line at its end, for the duration of the seal-in time (address 1132A)
That mean when the relay become to know that the line is energized (with pole open
current or with CBAux open) the pickup threshold value for the differential protection will
be increased from (I-DIFF.) value to (I-Diff>switch on) value, for the duration of the
seal-in time( ST Time all CL, address 1132A)
The pick up value during switch-on is set with address 1213 (I-DIFF>SWITC ON).
To test I-DIFF>SWITC ON you have to change the setting of “Seal In time after all
closure” and “Seal In time after manual closure” (These settings are in Line Status under
Power System Data 2) to 30 seconds. Initiate test current from Zero then increase the
current to reach the pick up value.

1.8.6.3 BIAS CHARACTERISTICS TEST:

To test this function you have to connect the relay with other one and the communication
addresses should be adapted to make the relay communicate with other end (relay).

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

Start the testing by inject 0.5 amps at the second relay (relay no 2), slowly increase the
current at relay no 1 until the relay tripped, record the value. Repeat the testing by
increasing the injection current at relay 2 to start from 0.8 amps & slowly increased the
current at the relay 1 until the relay tripped. From the two values we can now calculate
error at the slop setting.
Repeat the above testing for all the phases.
Repeat the above test for the upper curve.

TO TEST INTERTRIP FUNCTION

In current comparison setting set “State of transmitting the inter-trip signal ON” and set
“Reaction if inter-trip signal is received OFF”.
Allocate LEDs as per test sheet.
Inject one fault. Observe LED1 glows only.
Set “Reaction if inter-trip signal is received ON”
Inject another fault. Observe both LED1 and LED 2 glow.

HARMONIC FUNCTION CHECKING

Program LED-1, LED-2 and LED-3 as 2nd harmonic in L1, L2 and L3 and LED-4 as
differential trip.
2nd harmonic blocking is set at 15%.
16% 2nd Harmonic is generated at 00 and for 3 periods (60 ms) to check the feature.
Waveform is injected and observe that LED – 1,2,3 glow and LED-4 does not glow.
Note the value of set harmonic percentage in test kit.

TO CHECK CROSS BLOCK FEATURE

14% 2nd Harmonic is injected in R phase, 17% in Y and B phases.
With cross block feature off, the relay should trip by R phase differential protection.
Set cross block feature “YES” and time for cross block as 80 ms. Since the harmonic
waveform is for 60 ms (3 periods), all the phases will be blocked (LED -1,2 ,3 will glow)
and there will be no tripping (LED – 4 does not glow).

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Chapter1 (Protection Component test)

1.9 TEST PROCEDURE FOR MCAG 14 & 34

This procedure is applicable for testing of Restricted Earth Fault relays & BBP
differential relay type MCAG 14 & 34

GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:

1. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings

2. Relay case connected to local earth bars
3. Insulation resistance with 500v megger
4. Aux. Supply connected to correct terminal
5. Relay test block ct shorting proved
6. Operation of mechanical flage & resetting arm

Connect the test circuit as shown in the following Figure, increase the current until the
relay operate, record the current & the voltage repeat the test for all the relay settings
value& for each pole of the relay. Measure the operating time at 3 time of any relay
setting.

MCAG
A 14 or 34

Stabilizing resistor

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2.0 TEST PROCEDURE OF O/C & E/F
GENERAL INSPECTION
The inspector has to check the following:
1. Installation & wiring correct to relevant drawings
2. Relay case connected to local earth bars
3. Insulation resistance with 500v megger
4. Supply connected to correct terminal
5. Operation of output contacts
6. Sr.no on modules, case & cover identical
7. Dc consumption at rated voltage
8. relay CT shorting contact proved.

2.1 WATCHDOG RELAY CHECK

The inspector has to check the status of watchdog contacts when the relay energized &
De-energized.

2.2 OPTO INPUT, OUTPUT CONTACT & LED CHECK

The inspector has to check

• The status & the operation of all LED’s on the relay front panel.
• The operation of relay output contact & the contact resistance in the closed state
(R output contact ≤ 1.0 Ω)
• The functional & voltage (pickup/drop-off) values for each Binary input.
2.3 Measurement Check:
This test verifies that the accuracy of the current measurement is within the acceptable
tolerance.
The inspector has to check the metering element by applying current equal to the relay
rated current to each current transformer input and checking its magnitude, the measured
current values displayed on the relay LCD (MEASUREMENTS)

2.4 PICKUP TEST:

This test verifies that the sensitivity of the relay pick-up is within the acceptable
tolerance.
Inject current less than I threshold value onto one phase each time, slowly increase the
current until the relay picked up, record the value, Gradually decrease the injected current
and record the value of the drop off.
Repeat the above testing for all relay elements (I>Element, I>>Element & I>>> Element)

2.5 OPERATING TIME TEST

Select “Normal Inverse, Apply current onto one of the phases (2*Is) and measure the
time delay (tI>) repeat the testing for the current equal (5*Is) & (10*Is) & record the
measurements
Repeat the above testing for all the curve characteristics “Very Inverse, “Extremely
Inverse, LTI, &DMT ”.

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Chapter2 (Protection Scheme test)

1.0 SECONDARY INJECTION

After connecting the CT circuit up to relays, secondary injection from the CT terminal
shall be carried on by applying the rated secondary current of the CT ; the voltage burden
at CT terminal shall be measured . During the injection it should be ensured that there is
no cross connection between the phases.
Normally Secondary injection test is carried out by the contractor as internal checking.
But it is a very important test because there is always possibility of protection wiring
done to a metering secondary. Secondary injection can reveal this fault.

1.1 PRIMARY INJECTION TEST

Before starting this test, the entire component test should be completed, and this test
should be done only after finishing the secondary injection test.
A Testing sheet should be prepared indicating all the terminal of current measurement,
expected value of current at each point…etc.
At least three persons are required for this test; one person at relay panel, second at LCC
panel to measure the current & the third person should be at the injection point. There
should be some way of communication from each one with the person who injects the
primary current.
Care should be taken when
multimeters are used to measure
the CT secondary current, because
of:
1- They have only plugs for lead
connections, they maybe loose or
they may get disconnected at any
time.
2- They have overloading
protection or fuse; the measuring
circuit may get open circuit.

First a very low current should be

injected to ensure that the current
circuit is through, and then the
current can be raised, if it is found
difficult to drive current it can be
understood that some CT
secondary circuit is open.
There is no need to go up to the
CT primary rated current. The
point is that it should be possible
to measure the secondary current clearly.
At DEWA we recommend to inject up to 50% of the rated current. And the test will be
carried out between R-N, R–Y & R–B.
Testing & measurement equipments must be calibrated.

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Chapter2 (Protection Scheme test)

1.2 TCS SCHEME CHECK & TRIP COIL CURRENT MEASUREMENT

The test TCS is to conform actual wiring is done as per the drawing & tested by opening
the entire loop wires in the circuit.

TRIP COIL CURRENT MEASUREMENTS TEST

With the circuit breaker opened connect Amp meter in series with trip coil measure &
record the current.
With the circuit breaker opened operate any trip relay, in this case (RL2) coil will be
shorted, measure & record the current.
Reset the operated trip relay then close the circuit breaker in this case (RL1) coil of the
TCS will be shorted, measure & record the current.
With the circuit breaker closed, temporary short circuit across TCS RL2 coil, Ensure the
circuit breaker do not trip, measure & record the current

1.3 TRIP LOGIC TEST

The inspector has to check the tripping circuit scheme by initiating trip command from
the source (protection device) and conforming the circuit includes all the isolation point.

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 1.4 SENSITIVITY& STABILITY TEST PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

Preparation for differential sensitivity & stability tests.

1. Identify the respective Protection Panel/ switchgear. Open required panels

care fully.
2. Provide safety sign / barricade for the energised and test equipments
3. Ensure no person present near by the Test Transformers IDT & ET and lock
the gate with pad lock.
4. Check all links given in method statement must be removed (trip links & CBF
Initiation Links..etc).
5. Carefully prepare the Test kit & test Plugs and reconfirm all leads.
6. Unauthorised personnel should not enter in the substation.
7. Caution permit shall be issue for the test.

Drawings and Documents:

1. Schematic Drawings.
2. Site Test Format.

Tools and Measuring Instruments:

1. Multi meter
2. Test Leads.
3. Primary Injection unit
4. Clamp meter
5. Mini Clamp meter
6. Split Pin

DIFF SENSITIVITY Test (HV SIDE Phase side CT’s)

1) Make the connection of primary injection kit as per the Fig

2) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current slowly till the
(F87T) gets Pick up, and maintain the same current.
3) Note down all the measurements readings from the Relay and record it.
4) Turn off the kit and compare the readings with Expected Primary
operating Current mentioned as per the Setting calculation.
5) Repeat the step 2,3 & 4 for Y, B phases also.

DIFF SENSITIVITY TEST (LV SIDE PHASE SIDE CT’S)

1) Make the connection of primary injection kit as per the Fig
2) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current slowly till the
(F87T) relay gets picked up, and maintain the same current.
3) Note down all the readings from the Relay and record it.
4) Turn off the kit and compare the readings with Expected Primary
operating current.

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 5) Repeat the step 2,3 & 4 for Y, B phases also.

DIFF STABILITY TEST PROCEDURE.

Provide temporary cable from LVAC o/g feeder (400A) to 11kv outgoing
feeder as per the figure and ensure the cable IR strength by 1kv megger.
Make sure the Earth switch of 11kv BUS must be in open condition and
LVAC Incomer breaker in isolated position with pad locked condition.
Before Turn ON the supply from LVAC, ensure that the 11kv VCB (all o/g
FDR’s, BS & I/C) and 132kv IDT Breaker.
Turn ON the supply from LVAC o/g feeder and check the voltage.
After ensuring the all safety precaution Close the breaker where the test cable
is connected and then close the Incomer breaker

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 After ensuring the Line Earth switch in closed position (as per the fig) close
the GIS Circuit breaker and check any abnormalities (observe all readings
from HV ERF, LAREF & DIFF RELAY)
Open bus 2 side Line Earth switch then note down the readings from F87T
relay at Transformer Nominal Tap, Min Tap & Max Tap position.
After taken the readings OPEN the 11kv O/G feeder VCB.
Reverse the polarity of R phase CT secondary connection in HV side at LCC
–XA1
Repeat the steps 5 to 8 for Y & B phases also. (Only on IDT Nominal Tap
Position.)
Reverse the polarity of R phase CT secondary connection in LV side at 11kv
Incomer –XA
Repeat the steps 5 to 8 & 11 for Y, B phases also. (Only on IDT Nominal Tap
Position.)

If the HV CTs are located at the both limes of the BUS –Disconnector, Stability test has
to be a proved for both CT groups.

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 1.5 SENSITIVITY& STABILITY TEST PROCEDURE FOR HV REF PROTECTION
OF IDT’S

Preparation for REF sensitivity & stability tests.

1) Identify the respective Protection Panel/ switchgear. Open required panels

care fully.
2) Provide safety sign / barricade for the energised and test equipments
3) Ensure no person present near by the Test Transformers IDT & ET and lock
the gate with pad lock.
4) Check all links given in method statement must be removed (trip links & CBF
Initiation Links..etc).
5) Carefully prepare the Test kit & test Plugs and reconfirm all leads.
6) Unauthorised personnel should not enter in the substation.
7) Caution permit shall be issue for the test.

REF SENSITIVITY TEST (PHASE SIDE CT’S)

1) Make the connection of primary injection kit as per the following Fig
2) Prepare the multi meter connection for Voltage across Metrosil , Stab
Resistor, Relay Coil and Relay current
3) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current slowly till the MCAG-
14 (F64) gets Pick up, and maintain the same current.
4) Note down all the readings from the meters and record it.
5) Turn off the kit and compare the readings with Expected Primary operating
Current as per the Setting calculation.
6) Repeat the step 3, 4 & 5 for Y, B & NCT phases also.

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REF STEABLITY TEST.

Make the connection of primary injection kit as per the Fig

Prepare the multi meter connection for Voltage across Metrosil, Stab Resistor, Relay Coil
and Relay current.
1) Turn on the Power to Kit; increase the primary current slowly till it reaches
the rated current.
2) Note down the readings from the meters and record.
3) Make the current zero and turn off the kit.
4) Repeat the step 3, 4 & 5 for Y & B phases also.
5) Reverse the NCT- CT secondary connection.
6) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current slowly till the MCAG-
14 (F64) gets Pick up, then make the current zero and turn off the kit.
7) Note down the readings from the meters and record. (Pick up current will be
half of the sensitivity pick up current)
8) To ensure the stability of the system repeat the step 1 to 5 for R phase.

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1.6 SENSITIVITY& STABILITY TEST PROCEDURE FOR BAS BAR PROTECTION

The Bas Bar protection scheme used at DEWA system is High impedance type & the Bas
Bar arrangement is typical Double Bas Bar. In this type of arrangement on-load transfer
of a circuit is possible, so the current transformer outputs are switched to the correct bus-
wires by auxiliary switches on the selecting isolators. These auxiliary switches close
before the main isolator closes and open after the main isolator opens to ensure stability
during switching operation, the property of these auxiliary switches (early make lately
break) must be confirmed & tested before connecting it in the circuit.

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Open circuit of the connections between CT & the relay circuit detected by sensitive
voltage relay (CT wiring supervision relay), this relay have a time delay of about 3
second.
After adapting the final setting for the differential relay, supervision relay & stabilizing
resistor of B.B.P, sensitivity test shall be carried to verify that the primary operating
current is within the acceptable tolerance.
BBP SENSITIVITY TEST
The sensitivity of the BBP scheme can be checked using the circuit shown in the
following figure.

1) Close the first Bus dis-connector.

2) Prepare the multi meter connection for Voltage across Metrosil, Stab Resistor,
MVTP Relay Coil, and MCAG 34 relay coil and prepare the ammeter for the
MCAG relay current.
3) Make the in/out selector switch for Check zone out.

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 4) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current slowly till the MVTP
gets picked up, record the primary operating current for the MVTP relay, and
record the voltage at which the relay operated. The voltage should be with in
± 10% of the relay setting voltage.
5) Take the MVTP relay out from the case.
6) Increase the primary current slowly till the MCAG-14 operates, the primary
operating current and the relay current should noted .The voltage at which the
relay operates should be with in ± 10% of the relay setting voltage VR.
7) Note down all the readings from the meters and record it.
8) Turn off the kit and compare the readings with Expected Primary operating
Current as per the Setting calculation.
9) Repeat the steps 4, 5, 6 & 7 for Y & B CT phases and for the check Zone also.
10) Open the first Bus dis-connector & close the second one
11) Repeat all the steps for BBP Zone 2 for all phases.
12) Repeat all above steps for the other bays.
BBP STABILITY TEST
Stability test is carried out to prove that the scheme is stable during through faults & the
current transformers are correctly connected.
The stability of the BBP scheme can be checked using the circuit shown in the following
figure.

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 1) Close the first Bus dis-connector.
2) Select one of the bays as reference.
3) Prepare the multi meter connection for Voltage across Metrosil, , and MCAG
relay coil and prepare the ammeter for the MCAG relay current .
4) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current up to 50 % of the rated
current of the CT, confirm that the spill current is very low (only few
microamps/milliamps) and no operation for the BBP relay , record the primary
current , metrosil voltage& record the secondary phase current for both
bays(reference and the tested bays).
5) Turn off the kit and Open the first Bus dis-connector & close the second one.
6) Repeat the steps 2, 3 & 4 for BBP Zone 2.
7) Repeat all the above steps for Y & B CT phases.
8) Repeat all the above steps for other bays. Note that each time you are shifting
to next bay to test it; you have to select the previous tested one as reference
bay.

STABILITY TEST DURING THE LOAD TRANSFER

Stability of the BBP scheme must be proved during the load transfer.
Test is carried out as the following:
1) Make the connection of primary injection kit as per the following Figure:

2) Prepare the multi meter connection for Voltage across Metrosil, Stab Resistor,
and MCAG 34 relay coil and prepare the ammeter for the MCAG relay
current.
3) Turn on the Power to Kit, increase the primary current up to 50 % of the rated
current of the CT, confirm that the spill current is very low (only few

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 microamps/milliamps) and no operation for the BBP relay , record the primary
current , metrosil voltage& record the secondary phase current for both bays.
4) During current injection close the second bus disconnector Q2 of the first bay,
confirm that the spill current is still very low.

5) Note down all the readings from the meters and record it.
6) Open the bus disconnector Q1 for the same bay (first one). Confirm that the
spill current is still very low, record the reading from the meters.

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 7) Close the second bus disconnector Q2 of the second bay; confirm that the spill
current is still very low.

8) Open the bus disconnector Q1 for the same bay (second one). Confirm that the
spill current is still very low, record the reading from the meters.

9) Repeat the load transfer sequence again for the same bays to transfer from Q2
to Q1 as the starting point. In each step we have to confirm that the spill
current is still very low.
10) Make the current zero and turn off the kit.
11) Repeat the step from 3 to 9 for Y & B phases.
12) Select another two bays and repeat all the above steps. Testing should be
carried on for all the bays.

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1.7 TEST PROCEDURE FOR DISTANCE END TO END TEST

This procedure is applicable for each of the line feeders with test carried out individually.
1. Check the final setting is incorporated at both ends.
2. Ensure CBs at both ends are closed.
3. Initiate Zone 1 or Zone 2 fault at local end
4. Check the following:
a) Signal send LED at local end
b) Signal receive LED at remote end.

5. Initiate Zone 1 or Zone 2 fault at remote end

6. Check the following:
a) Signal send LED at remote end
b) Signal receive LED at local end
7. Initiate Zone 2 fault at local end to check the CB at Local trips after Zone 2 time
delayed
8. Initiate Zone 2 fault at remote end to check the CB at remote trips after Zone 2
time delayed
9. Initiate Zone 2 fault at local end at the same time of sending permissive signal
from remote end & check the CB at Local trips instantaneously without Zone2
time delayed.
10. Initiate Zone 2 fault at remote end at the same time of sending permissive signal
from local end & check the CB at remote trips instantaneously without Zone2
time delayed.

VTS Blocking

1. trip the VT MCB at local end , check VTS LED in the relay is lit up .
2. Apply a zone 1 or zone 2 fault No trip is observed.
3. Repeat the same at remote end.

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 1.8 TEST PROCEDURE FOR LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION END TO
END TEST

This test verifies that the relays at the both ends are communicating with each other
properly. The test will be carried on after adapting the final setting at the both ends.
Before starting the test confirm that there is no communication failure alarm.

VERIFY COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN RELAYS

Communication checks:
The following communication checks confirm that the optical power at transmit and
receive ports of the local relay are within the recommended operating limits.
1. Measure and record the optical signal strength received by the local P540 relay by
disconnecting the optical fiber from the Channel 1 receive port and connecting it
to an optical power meter. The mean level should be in the range –16.8dBm to -
25.4dBm for an 850nm port and in the range –7dBm to -37dBm for either a
1300nm or 1550nm port. If the mean level is outside of this range check the size
and type of fiber being used.
Repeat for Channel 2 receive port (if applicable).

When connecting or disconnecting optical fibers care should be taken not

to look directly into the transmit port or end of the optical fiber.

2. Measure and record the optical power of the Channel 1 transmit port using the
optical power meter and length of optical fiber. The mean value should be in the
range –16.8dBm to 22.8dBm for an 850nm port and in the range -7dBm to -
13dBm for either a 1300nm or 1550nm port.
3. Repeat for Channel 2 transmit port (if applicable).
4. Remove TX core from the local end and confirm the following:
• Alarm on relay after 10sec
• Output contact of the relay closed after 10sec
• Alarm on remote end
5. Reconnect the TX core & remove RX, confirm the above points.
6. Repeat the same for Channel two.

Ensure that all transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) optical fibers are reconnected to the P543,
ensuring correct placement.
Reset any alarm indications and check that no further communications failure alarms are
raised. Check channel status and propagation delays in [MEASUREMENTS 4].
Clear the statistics and record the number of valid messages and the number of error
messages after a minimum period of 1 hour. Check that the ratio of error/good messages
–4
is better than 10 .

Metering Check:
The inspector has to check the metering element by applying current and record the
instrument display (Local , remote , differential & Bias currents).

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Injection current & checking the metering element should be done from the remote end
also.

Pick up test of differential protection

This test verifies that the sensitivity of the relay pick-up is within the acceptable
tolerance.
Inject current less than ‘I threshold’ value onto one phase each time, slowly increase the
current until the relay picked up, record the value.

Checking of Intertrip Function

When a trip is issued by the differential element, in addition to trip the local breaker, the
relay will send a differential intertrip signal to the remote terminal. This will ensure
tripping of remote ends of the protected line.
This test will confirm the intertripping function between the relays.
For testing this function one LED should be allocated for intertrip function & other for
diff tip function (Different LED for different phases).
The test will be as follow:
1. Increase the basic differential current setting that determines the minimum pick-
up level of the relay (IS1) at the remote end.
2. Inject current at the local terminal more than IS1 at the local end & less than IS1 At
the remote end.
3. At the local end Diff LED should raised up & Inter trip LED at remote end should
risen up.
4. Repeat step 3 for all the phases.
5. Normalize the setting & reset the LED.

Checking the operation of the relay during lose one of communication channel.

If two communication channels are used, the operation performance of the relay should
be checked during lose of one of communication channel.

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1.9 ON LOAD TEST PROCEDURE FOR DEF

This procedure is applicable for each of the line feeders with test carried out at each end
individually.

1. Remove Trip links for F67, F67N.

2. Short –circuit the CTs of the two phases on the test terminal block in
protection panel (Y & B phases)
3. Remove one voltage phase( R phase) from the VT open delta connection.
4. Verify the power flow directional with the system load flow.
5. Insert the test plug for normal CT connection for R phase
6. If the load in forward direction the relay is going to operate if the current
exceed the threshold value other wise reduce the relay setting to be smaller
than the load current.
7. Remove the test plug.
8. Arrange the test plug for reverse CT connection.
9. Insert the test plug.
10. Perform the test with reverse CT connection.
11. Remove the test plug.
12. Repeat the testing steps from 2 to 11 for other phases
13. Normalize the relay setting.
After test finished, all links /relay setting should be normalized.

2.0 ON LOAD TEST PROCEDURE FOR DOC

This procedure is applicable for each of the line feeders with test carried out individually.
To confirm the relay operation, only one phase current should go through the relay at a
time with VT connection normal, the test must be repeated for each phase.
The load direction should be determined before starting the test.
1. Remove Trip links for F67, F67N.
2. Short –circuit the CTs of the two phases on the test terminal block in protection
panel (Y & B phases)
3. Verify the power flow directional with the system load flow.
4. Insert the test plug for normal CT connection for R phase
5. If the load in forward direction the relay is going to operate if the current exceed
the threshold values other wise reduce the relay setting to be smaller than the load
current.
6. Remove the test plug.
7. Arrange the test plug for reverse CT connection.
8. Insert the test plug.
9. Perform the test with reverse CT connection.
10. Remove the test plug.

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 11. Repeat the testing steps from 2 to 9 for other phases
12. Normalize the relay setting
13. After test finished, all links /relay setting should be normalized.

2.1 TEST PROCEDURE FOR LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (ON LOAD

TEST)

The goal of the test is to: -

1. Confirm that the external wiring to the current & voltage input is correct
2. Ensure that the on load differential current is well below the relay setting.
3. Confirm the stable & unstable condition of the protection under load current.
4. Prove the operation of the relay with the actual load current.

Method statement: -
1. Remove Trip links for F87.
2. Remove Trip links for Trip relays, inter tripping & direct tripping.
3. With the load current record the relay measurements at normal condition.
4. Short –circuit the CTs of the two phases on the test plug in protection panel (Y &
B phases), put only neutral and red phase through.
5. Verify the power flow directional with the system load flow.
6. Insert the test plug for normal CT connection for R phase at both ends (local &
remote).
7. Note the differential and bias current for the red phase; check that the relay
measurements are as expected and that the Diff current is similar to the value of
the capacitive charging current previously measured.
8. On the test plug at one end reverse the connection of the red phase. Insert the test
plug; note the Diff & Bias current R phase if the load is high enough relay should
trip.
Repeat the above test for other two phases.

2.2 ON LOAD TEST PROCEDURE FOR DISTANCE PROTECTION

Confirm proper measurements of the relay and fill it up in the test sheet. Confirm power
flow direction with Load Dispatch Center and verify P & Q signs, also verify all the six
impedance measurements have proper signs.
Change setting for star point (towards bus/towards line) and verify that the signs for P &
Q are changing.
Before star the load test trip isolation link should be removed, the test should not be done
simultaneously in both substations.

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Prepare test plug with ‘Y’ & ‘B’ currents shorted and ‘R’ phase current with normal
connection in order to get zero sequence current in forward direction.
If the power flow was in reverse direction, Prepare test plug with ‘Y’ & ‘B’ currents
shorted and ‘R’ phase current with reverse connection in order to get zero sequence
current in forward direction.
Then: -
• Insert the test plug
• Remove the ‘R’ phase voltage from test plug (open link 7-8 on test plug)
• The relay will trip in Zone 1 for the earth fault in R phase , fill up the test sheet.
• Normalize the voltage, reset the relay & reverse the ‘R’ phase current.
• Remove the R phase voltage, Relay will trip in Zone3- reverse reach, confirm the
carrier send output operation.
• Fill the test sheet.
• Repeat the above test for all phases.

Carry out the test in the remote end substation.

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 Appendix-1
Test formats index
Sl
Title Reference
No.
1 11kv C.T. Test Reports- Incomer Feeder Incomer Feeder

2 11kv C.T. Test Reports- Feeder Feeder

3 11kv C.T. Test Reports- Bus Section Bus Section
4 11kv C.T. Test Reports- 11kv Feeder 11kv Feeder
5 C.T. Test Reports- ET Lv Side 2T11
6 11kv V.T. Test Reports 11Kv V.T.
7 132kv C.T. Test Reports- Bus Coupler T1L Bus Coupler T1L
8 132kv C.T. Test Reports- Bus Coupler T2L Bus Coupler T2L
9 132kv C.T. Test Reports- FEEDER- T1L Feeder T1L
10 132kv C.T. Test Reports- FEEDER- T2L Feeder T2L
11 132kv C.T. Test Reports- IDT’s T3LN IDT’s T3LN
12 132kv C.T. Test Reports- IDT’s T2L IDT’s T2L
13 C.T. Test Reports- ET HV Side T3LN HV Side T3LN
14 132kv C.T. Test Reports- IDT’s NCT T2LN IDT’s T2LN
15 132Kv V.T. Test reports 132kv V.T.
16 7SD611 Differential relay 7SD611
17 REF Relay –MCAG14 MCAG14
18 BusBar Protection relay – MCAG 34 MCAG34
19 CB Fail relay- MCTI39 MCTI39
20 Aux.relay-MVAA11 MVAA11
21 Aux.relay-MVAA13 MVAA13
22 Trip relay –MVAJ23 MVAJ23
23 Trip relay –MVAJ25 MVAJ25
24 Trip relay –MVAJ051 MVAJ051
25 Trip relay –MVAJ053 MVAJ053
26 Trip relay –MVAJ054 MVAJ054
27 Trip relay –MVAJ105 MVAJ105
28 Voltage Supervision relay –MVAP22 MVAP22
29 Aux.relay-MVAX12 MVAX12
30 Aux.relay-MVAx31 MVAX31
31 C.T. Supervision Relay-MVTP31 MVTP31
32 Aux.relay-MVTT14 MVTT14
33 PFC Relay -NOVAR NOVAR
34 Earth Fault Relay P120 P120
35 Earth Fault Relay P122 P122
36 Earth Fault Relay P122 P122
37 Over Current relay –P122 P122

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 Title File Ref. no.
Un Balancing relay –P122 P122

Directional Earth fault Relay P127

Directional Over Current Relay Bus Section
P543 –Differential Relay P543
P632-Transformer Differential relay P632
P922 Under Voltage /Over voltage relay P922

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