Comandos utilitarios de MacOs

COMANDO LO QUE HACE COMANDO LO QUE HACE

afconvert Audio File Convert cupsfilter Convert a file to another
format using cups filters
afinfo Audio File Info curl Transfer data from or to
a server
afplay Audio File Play cut Divide a file into several
parts
airport Manage Apple AirPort date Display or change the
date & time
alias Create an alias dc Desk Calculator
alloc List used and free dd Data Duplicator - convert
memory and copy a file, clone
disks
apropos Search the whatis declare Declare variable & set
database for strings attributes •
asr Apple Software Restore defaults Set preferences, show
hidden files
atsutil Font registration system df Display free disk space
utility
awk Find and Replace text diff Display the differences
within file(s) between two files
basename Convert a full pathname diff3 Show differences among
to just a filename three files
bash Bourne-Again SHell dig DNS lookup
bc Arbitrary precision dirname Convert a full pathname
calculator language to just a path
bg Send to background • dirs Display list of
remembered directories
bind Set or display readline diskutil Disk utilities - Format,
key and function Verify, Repair
bindings •
bless Set volume bootability disown Unbind a job from the
and startup disk options current login session •
break Exit from a For, While, ditto Copy files and folders
Until or Select loop •
builtin Execute a shell builtin • dot_clean Remove dot-underscore
files
bzip2 Compress or drutil Interact with CD/DVD
decompress files burners
caffeinate Prevent the system from dscacheutil Query or flush the
sleeping Directory Service/DNS
cache
cal Display a calendar dseditgroup Edit, create, manipulate,
or delete groups
calendar Reminder Service dsenableroot Enable root access
caller Return the context of a dsmemberutil View user and groups
subroutine call • rights
cancel Cancel print jobs dscl Directory Service
command line utility
case Conditionally perform a du Estimate file space usage
command
 cat Concatenate and print echo Display text on screen •
(display) the content of
files
cd Change Directory • ed A line-oriented text editor
(edlin)
chflags Change a file or folder's enable Enable and disable builtin
flags shell commands •
chgrp Change group ownership env List or Set environment
variables
chmod Change access eval Evaluate several
permissions commands/arguments
chown Change file owner and exec Execute a command •
group
chroot Run a command with a exit Exit the shell •
different root directory
cksum Print CRC checksum and execsnoop n Snoop new process
byte counts executio
clear Clear terminal screen expand Convert tabs to spaces
cmp Compare two files expect Programmed dialogue
with interactive programs
comm Compare two sorted files export Set an environment
line by line variable •
command Run a command (not a expr Evaluate expressions
function) •
complete Edit a command false Do nothing,
completion unsuccessfully
[word/pattern/list] •
continue Resume the next fc Fix command (history)
iteration of a loop •
cp Copy one or more files to fdisk Partition table
another location manipulator for Darwin
UFS/HFS/DOS
cpio Copy files to and from fdesetup FileVault configuration,
archives list FileVault users
cron Daemon to execute fg Send job to foreground •
scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to file Determine file type
run at a later date/time
csplit Split a file into context- find Search for files that meet
determined pieces a desired criteria
csrutil Configure System fmt Reformat paragraph text
Integrity Protection (SIP)
GetFileInfo Get attributes of HFS+ fold Wrap text to fit a specified
files width
getopt Parse positional for Loop command
parameters
getopts Parse positional fsck Filesystem consistency
parameters • check and repair
goto Jump to label and fs_usage Filesystem usage
continue execution (process/pathname)
grep Search file(s) for lines ftp Internet file transfer
that match a given program
pattern
groups Print group names a user function Define Function Macros
is in
 gzip Compress or fuser List processes that have
decompress files one or more files open
halt Stop and restart the l List files in long format (ls
operating system -l)
hash Refresh the last Indicate last logins of
cached/remembered users and ttys
location of commands •
head Display the first lines of a launchctl Load or unload
file daemons/agents
hdiutil Manipulate iso disk ll List files in long format,
images showing invisible files (ls -
la)
history Command History • less Display output one
screen at a time
hostname Print or set system name let Evaluate expression •
iconv Convert the character set lipo Convert a universal
of a file binary
id Print user and group ln Make links between files
names/id's (hard links, symbolic
links)
if Conditionally perform a local Set a local (function)
command • variable •
ifconfig Configure network locate Find files
interface parameters
iostat Report CPU and i/o logname Print current login name
statistics
ipconfig View and control IP login log into the computer
configuration state
info Help info logout Exit a login shell (bye) •
install Copy files and set look Display lines beginning
attributes with a given string
iosnoop Snoop I/O events as they lp Print files
occur
jobs List active jobs lpr Print files
join Join lines on a common lprm Remove jobs from the
field print queue
kextfind List kernel extensions lpstat Printer status information
kextstat Display status of loaded ls List information about
kernel extensions (kexts) file(s)
kextunload Terminate driver lsregister Reset the Launch
instances and unload Services database
kernel extensions.
kickstart Configure Apple Remote lsbom List a bill of materials file
Desktop
kill Kill a process by lsof List open files
specifying its PID
killall Kill processes by name nano Simple text editor
man Help manual nc/netcat Read and write data
across networks
mdfind Spotlight search net Manage network
resources
mdls List the metadata netstat Show network status
attributes for a specified
file
 mdutil Manage Spotlight networksetup Network and System
metadata store Preferences
mkdir Create new folder(s) nice Set the priority of a
command
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named nohup Run a command immune
pipes) to hangups
mkfile Make a file ntfs.util NTFS file system utility
mktemp Make a temporary file nvram Manipulate firmware
variables
more Display output one onintr Control the action of a
screen at a time shell interrupt
mount Mount a file system open Open a
file/folder/URL/Application

passwd Modify a user password opensnoop Snoop file opens as they

occur
paste Merge lines of files openssl OpenSSL command line
pbcopy Copy data to the osacompile Compile Applescript
clipboard
pbpaste Paste data from the osascript Execute AppleScript
Clipboard
pgrep List processes by a full say Convert text to audible
or partial name speech
ping Test a network screen Multiplex terminal, run
connection remote shells via ssh
pkill Kill processes by a full or screencapture Capture screen image to
partial name file or disk
pkgbuild Build a macOS Installer scselect Switch between network
component package locations
pkgutil Query and manipulate scutil Manage system
installed packages configuration parameters

pmset Power Management sdiff Merge two files

settings interactively
popd Restore the previous security Administer Keychains,
value of the current keys, certificates and the
directory • Security framework
pr Convert text files for sed Stream Editor
printing
printenv List environment select Generate a list of items •
variables
printf Format and print data • serverinfo Server information
ps Process status set Set a shell variable =
value •
pushd Save and then change setfile Set attributes of HFS+
the current directory files
pwd Print Working Directory • sharing Create share points for
afp, ftp and smb services
plutil Property list utility shasum Print or Check SHA
Checksums
quota Display disk usage and shift Shift positional
limits parameters •
rcp Copy files between shopt Set shell options •
machines
 read Read one line from shutdown Shutdown or restart
standard input • macOS
readonly Mark a variable or sips Scriptable image
function as read-only • processing system
reboot Stop and restart the sleep Delay for a specified time
system
ReportCrash Enable/Disable crash softwareupdate System software update
reporting tool
return Exit a function • sort Sort text files
rev Reverse lines of a file source Execute commands from
a file
rm Remove files spctl Security assessment
policy/Gatekeeper
rmdir Remove folder(s) split Split a file into fixed-size
pieces
rpm Remote Package sqlite3 SQL database (download
Manager history)
rsync Remote file copy - Sync srm Securely remove files or
file tree directories
tail Output the last part of stat Display the status of a file
files
tar Tape ARchiver stop Stop a job or process
tccutil Manage the privacy su Substitute user identity
database
tcpdump Dump traffic on a sudo Execute a command as
network another user
tee Redirect output to sum Print a checksum for a file
multiple files
test Condition evaluation • suspend Suspend execution of this
shell
textutil Manipulate text files in sw_vers Print macOS operating
various formats system version
(Doc,html,rtf)
time Measure Program sysctl Get or set kernel state
Resource Use
times Print shell & shell system_profiler Report system
process times • configuration
tmutil Time Machine utility systemsetup Computer and display
system settings
top Display process ufs.util Mount/unmount UFS file
information system
touch Change file timestamps ulimit limit the use of system-
wide resources •
tput Set terminal-dependent umask Users file creation mask
capabilities, color,
position
tr Translate, squeeze, umount Unmount a device
and/or delete characters
trap Execute a command unalias Remove an alias •
when the shell receives a
signal •
traceroute Trace Route to Host uname Print the Darwin OS
Kernel version / release /
machine name
trimforce Enable TRIM commands unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
on third-party drives
true Do nothing, successfully uniq Uniquify files
tty Print filename of terminal units Convert units from one
on stdin scale to another
type Describe a command • unset Remove variable or
function names •
w Show who is logged on until Loop command •
and what they are doing
wait Wait for a process to uptime Show how long system
complete • has been running
wall Write a message to users Print login names of
users users currently logged in
wc Print byte, word, and line until Execute commands (until
counts error)
whatis Search the whatis uuencode Encode a binary file
database for complete
words
whereis Locate a program uudecode Decode a file created by
uuencode
which Locate a program file in uuidgen Generate a Unique ID
the user's path (UUID/GUID)
while Loop command • uucp Unix to Unix copy
who Print all usernames xargs Execute utility - passing
currently logged on arguments
whoami Print the current user id xattr Display and manipulate
and name (`id -un') extended attributes
write Send a message to xcode-select --install the command line
another user Install developer tools
vi Text Editor youtube-dl Download video
yes Print a string until !! Run the last command
interrupted again
zip Package and compress
(archive) files
 Comandos de red de MacOs
El comando Netstat en Mac OS X

Netstat es el comando encargado de dar toda la información acerca de las conexiones que el sistema operativo
está realizando en tiempo real y qué protocolos, puertos y servicios están detrás de ellas. Basta con ejecutar el
siguiente comando en una consola en del sistema operativo Mac OS X y se obtendrá la ayuda necesaria para
empezar a utilizar esta aplicación.

Estado de las conexiones

• (-a) Permite visualizar el estado de la conexión para saber si está activa, cerrada o en espera.

Números de puerto y direcciones IP conectadas

• (-n) Muestra números de puertos y direcciones IP de los equipos conectados en formato numérico. Los
puertos, aunque pueden ser cambiados por las aplicaciones, suelen representar a un servicio concreto. Es
suficiente con buscar la información del puerto well-known asociado a un servicio para entender lo que está
pasando.
Tráfico de una conexión

• (-i) Devuelve información relativa a bytes subidos y bajados, direcciones de conexión, tamaños de trama
MTU, etcétera, relativos a una de la interfaz de red indicada. De esta manera se puede conocer que servicio
es el que se está "comiendo" el ancho de banda en un determinado momento.
Refinamiento de datos por protocolos

• (-p) Permite filtrar conexiones por un determinado protocolo. Esto es útil cuando el número de conexiones
es muy alto o cuando se quiere realizar algún script automatizado que reporte el consumo de red de algunas
aplicaciones cada cierto tiempo.

Tipos de archivos
Archivos de imagen

.png Archivo de imagen sin compresión, admite transparencia.

.jpeg o .jpg Archivo de imagen con compresión (menos tamaño pero menos calidad).

.tiff Archivo de imagen de máxima calidad, admite capas.

.gif Archivo de imagen ideal para web, admite animación.

Archivos de sonido

.mp3 Archivo de sonido comprimido (menos tamaño pero menos calidad).

.m4a Archivo de sonido de calidad superior al mp3, estándar en Apple.

Archivos de video

.mp4 Archivo de video, estándar en Apple, codificación AAC. Mucho menor tamaño que .mov

.mov Archivo de video de QuickTime, formato desarrollado por Apple.

.avi Archivo de video propio de sistemas Windows, necesita convertirse para verlo en Mac o tener una
app especifica.

Archivos

.epub Libro electrónico.

.pdf Imagen (como una impresión) de cualquier clase de documento.

.zip Archivo comprimido.

.rar Archivo comprimido (requiere app específica).

.tmp Archivo temporal, por ejemplo, una descarga.

Archivos editables

.pages Archivo de Pages.

.numbers Archivo de Numbers.

.keynote Archivo de Keynote.

.txt Archivo de texto plano.

.doc o .docx Archivo de Word (Se abre y edita con Pages).

.xls o .xlsx Archivo de Excel (Se abre y edita con Numbers).

.ppt o .pptx Archivo de PowerPoint (Se abre y edita con Keynote).

Cambiar programas predeterminados
Archivos que se pueden utilizar en otro sistema operativo