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Lab 13 - RC and RL Circuits

1. The document describes an experiment using LTSpice to simulate an AC circuit with a resistor, capacitor, and inductor. It involves observing the phase difference between the current and voltage in each component. 2. In a capacitor, the voltage lags behind the current by 90 degrees because capacitors store charge when the voltage changes. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees because inductors produce voltage proportional to the rate of change of current. 3. The value of the capacitance or inductance changes the phase angle between the voltage and current. Larger capacitance or inductance results in a greater phase

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Muhammad Ali
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109 views

Lab 13 - RC and RL Circuits

1. The document describes an experiment using LTSpice to simulate an AC circuit with a resistor, capacitor, and inductor. It involves observing the phase difference between the current and voltage in each component. 2. In a capacitor, the voltage lags behind the current by 90 degrees because capacitors store charge when the voltage changes. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees because inductors produce voltage proportional to the rate of change of current. 3. The value of the capacitance or inductance changes the phase angle between the voltage and current. Larger capacitance or inductance results in a greater phase

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT #13: Vector Diagram of an A.C.

Circuit

TASK 1: Observing Current/Voltage phase difference in RC circuit


1. Build the circuit model shown below in LTSpice by connecting a resistor, capacitor and
voltage source in series. Set resistor to 1000Ω, capacitor to 220nF.

2. In this experiment you will use the voltage source for generating an AC signal of 10V
and 100 Hz. To configure the voltage source as a sine generator, click on “Advanced”,
select SINE under the ‘Functions’ options and set the amplitude to be 10 V and the
frequency to be 100 Hz. settings.

3. Run simulation with stop time of 50ms (i.e. write 50m in the stop time text box).
4. You need to Plot 3 graphs each on a different plot pane
a. V/I graph of resistor
b. V/I graph of capacitor
c. V/I graph of voltage source

To generate three plot panes right click on the graph window after
running the simulation and select “add plot pane” as shown on
the left. Generator 3 panes using this option.
5. Click on the pane to make it active and plot the resistor voltage and current. Then click
on the next empty pane and plot capacitor voltage and current. Click on the last empty
pane and plot source current and voltage. You will have graphs similar to the one shown
below.

6. Adjust the current direction if required. If the conventional current flows in opposite
direction to the direction being shown by the ammeter as marked by the red arrow, then
you can correct it by right clicking on the plot name, example IR1 in the picture in the
picture and adding a -ive sign in its start.

7. Observe the phase different between the current and voltages in all three plots. Voltage
and current for a resistor are completely in phase, whereas voltage lags current for
capacitor by 90o.
TASK 2: Current/Voltage vector diagram
1. Measure the peak value of VR, Vc and Vs from the simulation.
2. Choosing a suitable scale draw vector OA on the horizontal axis to represent VR.
3. Draw vector AB, with its tail at A, making an angle of -90° with respect to OA. This
vector represents VC.
4. Join O and B. This will give vector OB which represents Vs.
5. Calculate Vs from the vector diagram using the scale set initially. Also measure the
angle between OA and OB. This presents the phase angle between the current and
voltage of the source. Compare it to the Vs value from the graph on LTspice.

TASK 3: Observing Current/Voltage phase difference in RL circuit


1. Now build a RL series circuit as shown below. Set resistor to 1000Ω, Inductor to 1mH
and the voltage amplitude to 10V and frequency to 100Hz.

2. Repeat the steps 2-7mentioned in task 1 to obtain current/voltage graphs for the source,
resistor and inductor. Notice the phase difference between voltage and current for the
case of inductor and state how is it different from the capacitor.
TASK 4: Current/Voltage vector diagram
1. Measure the peak value of VR, VL and Vs from the simulation.
2. Choosing a suitable scale draw vector OA on the horizontal axis to represent VR.
3. Draw vector AB, with its tail at A, making an angle of +90° with respect to OA. This
vector represents VL.
4. Join O and B. This will give vector OB which represents Vs.
5. Calculate Vs from the vector diagram using the scale set initially. Also measure the
angle between OA and OB. This presents the phase angle between the current and
voltage of the source. Compare it to the Vs value from the graph on LTspice.

Question:
1. Briefly comment on why the voltage lags current in case of capacitor and voltage
leads current in case of an inductor.
2. How does the value of capacitance and inductance change the phase angle between
the voltage and current of the circuit?

Submission Instructions:
Submit a report including:
1. Your name and roll number
2. Clear pictures of drawings of the vector diagrams for RC and RL circuits.
3. Screenshots of the LTSpice circuits and simulation results.
4. Brief answers to the questions stated above.
Submit the report in pdf format and name it as rollnumber_labnumber, for example,
2018CH001_lab11.pdf.
Also submit the LTSpice circuit simulation files.

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