Environmental Quality Report 2018 PDF

Laporan KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING
E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T
2018
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR
KEMENTERIAN TENAGA, SAINS, TEKNOLOGI, ALAM SEKITAR DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
MINISTRY OF ENERGY, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Laporan KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING
E N V I R O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T
2018
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR
KEMENTERIAN TENAGA, SAINS, TEKNOLOGI, ALAM SEKITAR DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
MINISTRY OF ENERGY, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Copyright 2018 DOE
This publication may be reproduced

in whole or in part and in any form for
educational or non-profit purpose without
special permission from the copyright
holder; provided acknowledgement of
the source is made and a copy is sent to
the Department of Environment. No use of
this publication may be made for resale or
any other commercial purpose whatsoever
without prior permission in writing from the
Department of Environment, Malaysia.
Edited by:
Publications Section
Strategic Communications Division
Department of Environment
Malaysia
ISSN 2636-9834
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K ANDUNGAN
PRAKATA / FOREWORD 6
BAB / CHAPTER 1
Kualiti Udara / Air Quality
• Pengawasan Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Monitoring 10
• Status Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Status 11
• Tren Kualiti Udara / Air Quality Trend 23
BAB / CHAPTER 2
Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality
• Program Pengawasan Kualiti Alam Sekitar / The Environmental Quality 36
Monitoring Programme (EQMP)
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality Monitoring 37
• Status Kualiti Air Sungai / River Water Quality Status 38
• Status Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik / Continuous River 57
Water Quality Monitoring Status
• Tren Pencemaran Air Sungai / Trend in River Water Pollution 61
• Logam Berat Dalam Sungai / Heavy Metals In Rivers 64
• Kualiti Air Sungai Di Hulu Muka Sauk / River Water Quality Upstream 64
Water Intakes
BAB / CHAPTER 3
Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah / Groundwater Quality Monitoring 84
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Pertanian / Groundwater 86
Quality Status For Agriculture Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Gunatanah Bagi Kawasan Bandar Dan 88
Pinggir Bandar / Groundwater Quality Status For Urban And
Suburban Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Gunatanah Kawasan Perindustrian / 90
Groundwater Quality Status For Industrial Sites Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Tapak 92
Pelupusan Sampah / Groundwater Quality Status For Solid
Waste Landfills Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Padang Golf / 95
Groundwater Quality Status For Golf Courses Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Luar Bandar / 96
Groundwater Quality Status For Rural Areas Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Lombong Emas / 98
Groundwater Quality Status For Ex-Mining Areas (Gold Mine) Land Use
CONTENTS
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekalan 99
Air Tempatan / Groundwater Quality Status For Municipal
Water Supply Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Tapak 101
Pelupusan Bangkai Binatang / Groundwater Quality Status For
Ex Animal Burial Areas Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Akuakultur / 103
Groundwater Quality Status For Aquaculture Land Use
• Status Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Peranginan / 105
Groundwater Quality Status For Resort Land Use
BAB / CHAPTER 4
Kualiti Air Marin dan Pulau-Pulau / Marine and Island Marine Water Quality
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin / Marine Water Quality Monitoring 108
• Status Kualiti Air Marin Pantai / Coastal Water Quality Status 111
• Status Kualiti Air Kuala / Estuary Water Quality Status 119
• Kualiti Air Marin Pulau / Island Marine Water Quality 124
• Status Stesen-Stesen Kualiti Air Marin / Status Of Marine Water Quality Stations 135
• Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Berterusan / Continuous Marine Water 138
Quality Monitoring
BAB / CHAPTER 5
Inventori Punca Pencemaran / Pollution Sources Inventory
• Pengiraan Beban Pencemaran / Pollution Load Calculation 142
• Beban Pencemaran Air / Water Pollution Load 142
• Punca-Punca Pencemaran Udara / Sources Of Air Pollution 149
• Beban Pencemaran Pencemar Udara / Air Pollutant Emission Load 152
• Inventori Buangan Terjadual / Scheduled Wastes Inventory 157
ANNEX
• National Water Quality Standards For Malaysia 168
• Water Classes And Uses 169
• DOE Water Quality Classification Based On Water Quality Index 169
• DOE Water Quality Index Classification 169
• WQI Formula And Calculation 170
• MWQI Formula And Calculation 170
• Unionized Ammonia Calculation 171
PRAKATA
FOREWORD
S I
aya amat berbesar hati untuk t is my pleasure to present the
membentangkan Laporan Environmental Quality Report 2018
Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 2018 as required under Section 3(1)(i) of
seperti yang dikehendaki di the Environmental Quality Act 1974.
bawah Seksyen 3(1)(i) Akta Kualiti Alam
Sekeliling 1974.
Pada pertengahan bulan Ogos 2018, In mid-August 2018, Malaysia

Malaysia mengalami keadaan yang experienced slight haze episode due to
agak sedikit berjerebu akibat daripada local and transboudary haze. However,
jerebu setempat dan jerebu merentas the haze episode lasted for a short
sempadan. Walaubagaimanapun, period of time only.
jerebu tersebut adalah di dalam
tempoh yang singkat saja.
Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemar Udara Based on the Air Pollutant Index (API),
(IPU), kualiti udara keseluruhan bagi the overall air quality for Malaysia in
Malaysia pada tahun 2018 adalah 2018 was at moderate levels. Drastic
berstatus sederhana. Peningkatan increase in API reading was mainly due
ketara IPU yang disebabkan oleh PM2.5 to PM2.5 and caused an increase in the
menyebabkan bilangan hari yang number of unhealthy days recorded in
tidak sihat meningkat pada tahun 2018 2018 compared to 2017.
dibandingkan dengan tahun 2017.
Kualiti persekitaran marin kawasan The quality of the marine environment

pantai, kuala dan pulau menunjukkan with respect to coastal, estuarine
peningkatan pada tahun 2018. and island areas has increased in
Sementara itu, kualiti air sungai year 2018 . Meanwhile, the river water
yang ditentukan dari segi IKA telah quality in terms of WQI had shown an
menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun improvement in 2018. The percentage of
2018. Peratus bilangan sungai yang clean rivers has slightly increased to 56%
dikategorikan sebagai bersih telah in 2018 compared to 46% in the previous
sedikit meningkat kepada 56% pada year. The percentage of polluted river
tahun 2018 berbanding 46% pada tahun has slightly decreased from 11% in 2017
sebelumnya. Peratus bilangan sungai to 8% in 2018.
yang dikategorikan sebagai tercemar
telah sedikit menurun daripada 11%
pada tahun 2017 kepada 8% pada
tahun 2018.
JAS akan terus mengukuhkan dan DOE will continue to strengthen and
melaksanakan strategi, program dan implement its strategies, programs and
aktivitinya dengan berkesan dalam activities effectively in managing the
menguruskan alam sekitar secara environment sustainably.
mampan.
Laporan KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2018

M A L AY S I A E N V I R O N M E N TA L Q U A L I T Y R E P O R T 2 0 1 8
6
“Alam Sekitar,
Tanggungjawab Bersama”
“Environment, Our
Shared Responsibility”
NORLIN BT JAAFAR
Ketua Pengarah
Kualiti Alam Sekeliling Malaysia
Director-General Of
Environmental Quality Malaysia
8
Kualiti Udara
Air Quality
BAB
Chapter 1
9
BAB
01
PENGAWASAN KUALITI AIR QUALITY
UDARA MONITORING
Bermula pada pertengahan April In mid-April 2017, DOE has upgraded
2017, JAS telah menaiktaraf rangkaian the air quality monitoring network
pengawasan kualiti udara di seluruh by increasing the number of stations
negara dengan pertambahan to 65 continuous monitoring stations
bilangan stesen pengawasan kualiti under the new Environmental Quality
udara automatik kepada 65 stesen di Monitoring Programme (EQMP). These
bawah Program Pengawasan Kualiti stations are strategically located in
Alam Sekitar (EQMP) yang baru. Stesen- urban, suburban and industrial areas
stesen pengawasan kualiti udara to monitor any significant changes in
tersebut ditempatkan di lokasi yang the air quality which may impact the
strategik iaitu di kawasan bandar, sub- human health and the environment.
bandar dan perindustrian bertujuan
untuk mengesan sebarang perubahan
ketara ke atas kualiti udara yang akan
memberi kesan terhadap kesihatan
awam dan alam sekitar.
Status kualiti udara di Malaysia The air quality status is reported as

adalah ditunjukkan menerusi bacaan Air Pollution Index (API) and always
Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU) dan been displayed in Air Pollutant Index
bacaan IPU seluruh negara sentiasa Management System (APIMS) website.
dipaparkan di laman web APIMS. IPU The API is calculated based on the
adalah dikira berdasarkan kepekatan concentration of six major pollutants
enam bahan pencemar utama iaitu which are ground level ozone (O3),
ozon di permukaan bumi (O3), karbon carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen
monoksida (CO), nitrogen dioksida dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2),
(NO2), sulfur dioksida (SO2), habuk halus particulate matter 10 microns or less
bersaiz kurang dari 10 mikron (PM10) in diameter (PM10) and particulate
dan habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter
2.5 mikron (PM2.5). IPU ini dikategorikan (PM2.5). The API is categorized as good,
sebagai baik , sederhana , tidak sihat, moderate, unhealthy, very unhealthy
sangat tidak sihat dan berbahaya and hazardous according to its range
(Jadual 1.1). Bermula pada 16 Ogos as presented in Table 1.1. From 16th
2018, pengiraan IPU Malaysia telah August 2018, the particulate matter 2.5
mengambil kira kepekatan habuk microns or less in diameter (PM2.5) was
halus yang bersaiz diameter 2.5 mikron included in the API culculation for the
dan ke bawah (PM2.5). country.
Jadual 1.1 : Status Kualiti Udara (IPU)

Table 1.1 : Air Pollutant Index (API)
IPU/API STATUS KUALITI UDARA/AIR QUALITY STATUS
0 – 50 Baik/Good
51 – 100 Sederhana/Moderate
101 – 200 Tidak Sihat/Unhealthy
201 – 300 Sangat Tidak Sihat/Very Unhealthy
> 300 Berbahaya/Hazardous

10
CHAPTER
01
STATUS KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY STATUS
Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemar Udara Based on the Air Pollutant Index (API),
(IPU), kualiti udara keseluruhan bagi the overall air quality for Malaysia in
Malaysia pada tahun 2018 adalah 2018 was at moderate levels. This was
berstatus sederhana. Bacaan IPU due to the inclusion of PM2.5 in API
yang dikira berdasarkan kepada calculation. PM2.5 are very fine particles
parameter habuk halus PM2.5. which are very stable in the air. Drastic
Parameter PM2.5 adalah sangat halus increase in API reading was mainly due
dan stabil dalam udara. Peningkatan to PM2.5 and caused an increase in the
ketara IPU yang disebabkan oleh PM2.5 number of unhealthy days recorded in
menyebabkan bilangan hari yang 2018 compared to 2017.
tidak sihat meningkat pada tahun 2018
dibandingkan dengan tahun 2017.
Pada pertengahan bulan Ogos bagi In mid-August 2018, Malaysia

tahun 2018, Malaysia mengalami experienced slight haze episode due
keadaan yang agak sedikit berjerebu to local and transboundary haze from
akibat daripada jerebu setempat neighboring countries which resulted
dan jerebu merentas sempadan dari in a number of very unhealthy API
negara jiran sehingga menyebabkan readings at ILP Miri, Sarawak which
beberapa tempat mencatatkan recorded API reading at 229 and
bacaan IPU yang sangat tidak sihat Klang, Selangor at 227. There were a
iaitu di ILP Miri, Sarawak dengan few incidents of local bush fires that
mencatatkan bacaan IPU 229 dan caused deterioration in local air quality
Klang, Selangor dengan bacaan in the country as well as transboundary
IPU 227. Ini adalah kerana terdapat haze caused by land and forest fires in
beberapa kejadian kebakaran neighboring countries. However, the
belukar setempat yang menyebabkan haze episode lasted for a short period
kualiti udara di dalam negara of time due to the humid weather
merosot dan jerebu yang merentas condition in the region.
sempadan akibat kebakaran tanah
dan hutan di negara jiran. Walau
bagaimanapun, jerebu tersebut
adalah di dalam tempoh yang
singkat akibat faktor cuaca lembap
sepanjang tahun di rantau ini.
Habuk halus bersaiz kurang dari 2.5 PM2.5 was known as the predominant
mikron, PM2.5 adalah merupakan pollutant from forest and peatland
pencemar utama apabila berlakunya fires. The daily PM2.5 concentration
kebakaran hutan dan tanah gambut. trend in 2018 at Klang was slightly
Tren kepekatan harian PM2.5 di higher compared to 2017 especially
kawasan Klang pada tahun 2018 during hot weather period between
adalah lebih tinggi berbanding tahun July and August 2018 as shown in
2017 terutama pada musim panas iaitu Figure 1.1(a).
di antara bulan Julai hingga Oktober
2018. Ini seperti yang ditunjukkan di
dalam Rajah 1.1(a).
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
11
BAB
01
Rajah 1.1(b) menunjukkan kepekatan Figure 1.1(b) presented the daily
harian PM2.5 bagi ketiga-tiga jenis concentrations of PM2.5 from three
kategori stesen terpilih di kawasan categories of stations namely urban
bandar (Klang), sub-bandar (Kuantan) (Klang), suburban (Kuantan) and rural
dan luar bandar (Kapit). Tren (Kapit). The trend showed that the levels of
menunjukkan paras yang menghampiri PM2.5 concentrations were high and some
dan lebih daripada standard kualiti even exceeded the ambient air quality
udara ambien terutama bagi stesen standards especially in urban (Klang)
di kawasan bandar adalah Klang dan and suburban area (Kuantan), which may
juga di kawasan sub-bandar adalah be due to open burning activities during
Kuantan di mana banyak pembakaran the hot weather season. The ambient air
terbuka berlaku di kawasan tersebut quality standard for 2018 falls under the
pada musim panas. Standard kualiti IT-2 of MAAQS. (Table 1.2.)
udara ambien bagi tahun 2018 adalah
menggunakan Standard Kualiti Udara
Ambien Malaysia IT-2 (Jadual 1.2.)
Selain pencemar PM2.5, ozon di Other than PM2.5, ground level ozone (O3)
permukaan bumi (O3) merupakan was identified as pollutant of concern. O3 is
pencemar udara yang menjadi formed from the chemical reaction between
perhatian. Ia terhasil akibat Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and
tindak balas sebatian-sebatian nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of
organik meruap (Volatile Organic sunlight. Formation of O3 is futher elevated
Compounds, VOCs) dan oksid-oksid during clear sunny day. Major sources of
nitrogen (NOx) dengan kehadiran VOCs and NOx were mainly from industries
cahaya matahari. Cuaca panas terik and motor vehicles especially in urban
menggalakkan lagi pembentukan areas. Several unhealthy days recorded
pencemar O3 . Punca utama VOCs at various locations in the Klang Valley,
dan NOx adalah dari pelepasan Perak and Negeri Sembilan.
industri dan ekzos kenderaan bermotor
terutama di bandar-bandar besar. Ini
menyebabkan berlakunya beberapa
hari yang tidak sihat di beberapa lokasi
di Lembah Klang, Perak dan Negeri
Sembilan.
Kadangkala terdapat kepekatan Occasionally, the daily maximum 1-hour

maksimum harian bagi parameter O3 concentration of O3 exceeded the
dalam tempoh 1 jam adalah melebihi Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard at
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien several stations in the Klang Valley, Perak
Malaysia terutamanya di beberapa and Negeri Sembilan [ Figure 1.1(c),
kawasan di Lembah Klang, Negeri Figure 1.1(d) and Figure 1.1(e) ]. These
Perak dan Negeri Sembilan [ Rajah conditions led to a number of unhealthy
1.1(c), Rajah 1.1 (d) dan Rajah 1.1 (e) ] . days recorded in some areas especially
Keadaan ini menyebabkan beberapa those of central business with heavy traffic
hari yang tidak sihat dicatatkan volumes.
terutama di kawasan-kawasan
pusat perniagaan yang tinggi dan
berkepadatan trafik.

12
CHAPTER
01
120
2017
Kepekatan (µg/m3)/Concentration (µg/m3) 2018
100
Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 = 75 µg/m3

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For PM2.5 = 75 µg/m3
80
60
40
20
0
1/1
15/1
29/1
12/2
26/2
11/3
25/3
8/4
22/4
6/5
20/5
3/6
17/6
1/7
15/7
29/7
12/8
26/8
9/9
23/9
7/10
21/10
4/11
18/11
2/12
16/12
30/12
Tarikh/Date
Rajah 1.1 (a) : Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Pepejal Terampai (PM2.5), Klang, 2017 dan 2018
Figure 1.1 (a) : Trend of 24-hour Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Klang, 2017
and 2018
100
Klang (Urban)
Kuantan (Sub Urban)

Garis Panduan Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Bagi PM2.5 = 75 µg/m3 Kapit (Rural)
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines For PM2.5 = 75 µg/m3
Kepekatan (µg/m3)/Concentration (µg/m3)
75
50
25
0
1-Jan-18
15-Jan-18
29-Jan-18
12-Feb-18
26-Feb-18
12-Mar-18
26-Mar-18
9-Apr-18
23-Apr-18
7-May-18
5-Nov-18
19-Nov-18
3-Dec-18
17-Dec-18
31-Dec-18
21-May-18
4-Jun-18
18-Jun-18
2-Jul-18
16-Jul-18
30-Jul-18
13-Aug-18
27-Aug-18
10-Sep-18
24-Sep-18
8-Oct-18
22-Oct-18
Tarikh/Date
Rajah 1.1 (b) : Tren Kepekatan 24 jam bagi Pepejal Terampai (PM2.5), Malaysia, 2018
Figure 1.1 (b) : Trend of 24-hour Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Malaysia, 2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
13
BAB
01
0.18
Batu Muda
0.16
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2)= 0.1 ppm Cheras
Kepekatan (ppm)/Concentration (ppm)
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm

0.14
Putrajaya
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
17-Dec-18
31-Dec-18
21-May-18
22-Oct-18
13-Aug-18
27-Aug-18
8-Oct-18
3-Dec-18
7-May-18
12-Mar-18
26-Mar-18
19-Nov-18
23-Apr-18
15-Jan-18
29-Jan-18
5-Nov-18
12-Feb-18
26-Feb-18
1-Jan-18
9-Apr-18
18-Jun-18
10-Sep-18
24-Sep-18
4-Jun-18
16-Jul-18
30-Jul-18
2-Jul-18
Tarikh/Date
Rajah 1.1 (c) :Tren Kepekatan Maksimum 1 Jam Harian Ozon (O3), Lembah Klang, 2018
Figure 1.1 (c) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), Klang Valley, 2018
0.16
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Shah Alam
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm Petaling Jaya
0.14
Klang
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
1-Jan-18
15-Jan-18
29-Jan-18
12-Feb-18
26-Feb-18
12-Mar-18
26-Mar-18
9-Apr-18
23-Apr-18
7-May-18
21-May-18
4-Jun-18
18-Jun-18
2-Jul-18
16-Jul-18
30-Jul-18
13-Aug-18
27-Aug-18
10-Sep-18
24-Sep-18
8-Oct-18
22-Oct-18
5-Nov-18
19-Nov-18
3-Dec-18
17-Dec-18
31-Dec-18
Tarikh/Date
Rajah 1.1 (d) :Tren Kepekatan Maksimum 1Jam Harian Ozon (O3), Lembah Klang, 2018
Figure 1.1 (d) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), Klang Valley, 2018

14
CHAPTER
01
0.18
0.16 Tanjung Malim

Port Dickson
0.14 Sungai Petani

Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
0.12 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 (IT-2) = 0.1 ppm
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
21-May-18
22-Oct-18
17-Dec-18
31-Dec-18
13-Aug-18
27-Aug-18
7-May-18
8-Oct-18
3-Dec-18
12-Mar-18
26-Mar-18
19-Nov-18
15-Jan-18
29-Jan-18
23-Apr-18
12-Feb-18
26-Feb-18
5-Nov-18
1-Jan-18
18-Jun-18
9-Apr-18
10-Sep-18
24-Sep-18
4-Jun-18
16-Jul-18
30-Jul-18
2-Jul-18
Tarikh/Date
Rajah 1.1 (e) : Tren Kepekatan Maksimum 1 Jam Harian Ozon (O3), 2018
Figure 1.1 (e) : Trend of Daily Maximum 1-hour Concentration of Ozone (O3), 2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
15
BAB
01
STATUS KUALITI UDARA DI AIR QUALITY STATUS IN
WILAYAH TENGAH CENTRAL REGION
Lembah Klang Klang Valley
Pada tahun 2018, status kualiti udara In 2018, the overall air quality in Klang
di Lembah Klang merekodkan semua Valley were at moderate level. Kuala
stesen mencatatkan bacaan hari Selangor recorded the highest number of
sederhana sepanjang masa. Status good air quality days at 35 days in 2018.
kualiti udara di Lembah Klang secara (Figure 1.2).
keseluruhannya di mana Kuala
Selangor mencatatkan hari bersih
tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 35 hari bagi
tahun 2018. (Rajah 1.2)
Semua stesen di Lembah Klang All stations in Klang Valley had recorded
mencatatkan bilangan hari yang tidak unhealthy days except Batu Muda station.
sihat kecuali di stesen Batu Muda, Klang station recorded the number of very
Klang mencatatkan bacaan hari unhealthy days (API readings between
yang sangat tidak sihat (bacaan IPU 201 – 300) for 2 days while Shah Alam,
di antara 201-300) selama dua (2) hari Selangor and Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
manakala Shah Alam, Selangor dan stations recorded the highest number of
Cheras, Kuala Lumpur mencatatkan unhealthy days (API readings between
bilangan hari paras tidak sihat (bacaan 101 – 200) which were 10 days due to the
IPU di antara 101 – 200) yang tertinggi ground level ozone (O3).The number of
iaitu sepuluh (10) hari yang disebabkan days recorded based on the API level at
oleh pencemar ozon aras bumi (O3). the aforementioned stations are shown in
Rajah 1.2(a) menunjukkan rekod Figure 1.2(a).
bilangan hari berdasarkan kepada
tahap IPU bagi stesen tersebut.

16
CHAPTER
Tahap IPU / API Level

01
Baik / Good (0-50)
Sederhana / Moderate (51-100)
Tidak Sihat / Unhealthy (101-200)
Sangat Tidak Sihat / Very Unhealthy (201-300)
400 Berbahaya / Hazardous ( > 300)
352 349 360 352 355 352

347
350 328
300
Bilangan Hari/Number of Days
250
200
150
100
50 35
6 7 11 8 10 6 10
2 1 5 2 1 1 1 2 2
0
Putrajaya Kuala Batu Banting Petaling Cheras Klang Shah
Selangor Muda Jaya Alam
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.2 : Status Kualiti Udara di Lembah Klang, 2018

Figure 1.2 : Air Quality Status in Klang Valley, 2018
Nota: Bacaan adalah berdasarkan IPU Maksimum Harian
Note: Reading based on daily Maximum API
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banting 0 5 5 20 41 45 27 7 5
Shah Alam 32 22 11 15 33 43 29 1 10
Cheras 59 48 37 30 34 52 33 9 10
Klang 6 6 13 11 34 28 11 3 8
Petaling Jaya 3 3 4 8 19 27 12 3 1
Kuala Selangor 0 0 5 2 16 20 0 0 2
Putrajaya 8 3 2 9 31 41 14 2 7
Batu Muda 17 15 25 21 43 51 29 3 1
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.2 (a) : Bilangan Hari Tidak Sihat, Lembah Klang, (2010-2018)
Figure 1.2 (a) : Number of Unhealthy Days, Klang Valley, (2010-2018)
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
17
BAB
01
WILAYAH UTARA NORTHERN REGION
Secara keseluruhan, status kualiti The overall air quality status in the
udara di utara Pantai Barat northern region (Perlis, Kedah, Pulau
Semenanjung Malaysia yang meliputi Pinang and Perak) , was at moderate
Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang dan Perak level. All stations in the northern region
adalah sederhana sepanjang masa. experiened unhealthy air quality status
Semua stesen di wilayah utara telah in 2018 except in Langkawi. Stations
merekodkan status kualiti udara tidak that recorded the highest number of
sihat kecuali Langkawi. Stesen tertinggi unhealthy days were in Tanjung Malim
yang mencatatkan bacaan hari tidak (4 days) due to O3 and Alor Setar (3
sihat adalah di Tanjung Malim (4) yang days) due to PM2.5. On the other hand,
disebabkan oleh O3 dan Alor Setar (3) Tanjung Malim station recorded the
yang disebabkan oleh PM2.5. Walau highest number of healthy days in the
bagaimanapun, stesen di Tanjung northern region (242 days) followed by
Malim mencatatkan bacaan hari Kangar (163 days) and Langkawi (157
bersih yang tertinggi di wilayah utara days).
(242 hari) dan diikuti oleh stesen Kangar
(163 hari) dan Langkawi (157 hari).
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan status kualiti Figure 1.3 shows the overall air quality
udara keseluruhan bagi wilayah utara status for the northern region of
Semenanjung Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia.
Baik / Good (0-50)

Berbahaya / Hazardous ( > 300)
400
352 355
350 339
322
306 305 312
300
276
260
250 235 242
197
206
163
200
157
150
127 119
100 88
58
43 49 52
50 39
24
3 11 8
2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 4
0
ar wi tar tan
i
lim ya lau rai g ek h ng lim
ng ka r Se Ku Ja Pu Pe pin Tas Ipo nju Ma
Ka ng ai
Pe ng lik Tai Ma
La Alo g ra Ba jung
Sun Se
be Tan
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.3 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Utara Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2018
Figure 1.3 : Air Quality Status in the Northern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2018

18
CHAPTER
01
WILAYAH SELATAN SOUTHERN REGION
Kualiti udara di Wilayah Selatan Pantai In the southern region of Peninsular
Barat Semenanjung Malaysia yang Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Melaka
meliputi Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor), the overall air quality status
dan Johor adalah sederhana pada was moderate level. Southern region
kebanyakan masa. Wilayah selatan had only three (3) stations recorded
menunjukkan (tiga) 3 stesen sahaja unhealthy days which were Bandaraya
yang mencatatkan bacaan hari yang Melaka (6 days), Segamat (4 days)
tidak sihat iaitu Bandaraya Melaka and Pasir Gudang (1 days) due to O3
(6), Segamat (4) dan Pasir Gudang pollutant. Kota Tinggi station recorded
(1) yang disebabkan oleh pencemar the highest number of healthy days
ozon, O3. Manakala stesen Kota Tinggi in this region (155 days) followed by
mencatatkan hari bersih tertinggi di Kluang (95 days) and Segamat (94
wilayah ini iaitu 155 hari dan diikuti oleh days).
Kluang dan Segamat iaitu masing-
masing 95 dan 94 hari.
Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan status kualiti Figure 1.4 shows the overall air quality
udara secara keseluruhan bagi wilayah status for southern region of Peninsular
selatan Semenanjung Malaysia. Malaysia.
Baik / Good (0-50)

356 354 Berbahaya / Hazardous ( > 300)
350 334 332 332
300 304
300 293 286
267 269
261
251
250
210
200
155
150
94 95 95
100
70 78
59
50 42 42
31 30 32
9 6 9
1 4
0
i i i
la n on ba
a ah g
rki
n
gg at ha
t g ng ak
Ni ba ks ak aj an am an ra gk
m ic am el G ud La Tin g Pa Klu e n
re D R M r ta tu ng Ta
Se rt kit Al
o G Se
Po sir Ko Ba Pe
Bu Pa
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.4 : Status Kualiti Udara, Wilayah Selatan Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia, 2018
Figure 1.4 : Air Quality Status, Southern Region of The West Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
19
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PANTAI TIMUR THE EAST COAST
Kualiti udara di Pantai Timur In the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Semenanjung Malaysia meliputi (Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan)
Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan the overall air quality was between
kekal berstatus baik dan sederhana good to moderate levels most of the
pada kebanyakan masa, tiga (3) time only three (3) stations recorded
stesen yang mencatatkan status kualiti unhealthy days in 2018, which were
udara tidak sihat sepanjang tahun Rompin (2 days), Kemaman (1 day)
2018 iaitu di Rompin (2), Kemaman (1) and Kota Bharu (1day) due to PM2.5.
dan Kota Bharu (1) yang disebabkan The highest number of healthy days
oleh habuk halus PM2.5. Bacaan hari were recorded in Jerantut (179 days)
bersih tertinggi dicatatkan di Jerantut followed by Paka (151 days) and Indera
(179) dan diikuti oleh Paka (151) dan Mahkota (132 days). (Figure 1.5).
Indera Mahkota (132) (Rajah 1.5)
Baik / Good (0-50)

350
321
299
291 292
300
278 277
250
250 236 231
214
186
200 179
151
150 132
122
115
100 86 87
74 71
64
44
50
2 1 1
0
Jerantut Rompin Temerloh Indera Balok Kota Tanah Kuala Paka Kemaman Besut
Mahkota Baru Bharu Merah Terengganu
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.5 : Status Kualiti Udara, Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia, 2018
Figure 1.5 : Air Quality Status in the East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, 2018

20
CHAPTER
01
STATUS KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY STATUS IN
DI SABAH, LABUAN DAN SABAH, LABUAN AND
SARAWAK SARAWAK
Kualiti udara di Sabah dan Labuan The overall air quality in Sabah,
adalah pada tahap baik dan Labuan and Sarawak were in good to
sederhana di kebanyakan masa moderate level most of the days as
(Rajah 1.6). Walau bagaimanapun, presented in Figure 1.6 and Figure 1.7.
Kualiti udara di Sarawak mencatatkan Four stations in Sarawak experienced
bacaan 2 hari yang sangat tidak sihat di unhealthy days which were Mukah (5
ILP Miri dan empat (4) stesen di Sarawak days), Sibu (2 days), Kuching (2 days)
yang mencatatkan bacaan hari yang and Bintulu (1 day). This was due
tidak sihat iaitu di Mukah (5), Sibu (2), to local bush and orchard fires and
Kuching (2) dan Bintulu (1) (Rajah 1.7). transboundary haze from Kalimantan,
Keadaan ini adalah disebabkan oleh Indonesia.
berlakunya kebakaran di kawasan
belukar dan ladang setempat serta
jerebu merentas sempadan dari
Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Baik / Good (0-50)

336
350
290
300
250 215
178 183 178 185

200
164
148
141
150
100 74
28
50
0
Tawau Keningau Kota Kimanis Sandakan Labuan
Kinabalu
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.6: Status Kualiti Udara, Sabah dan Labuan, 2018

Figure 1.6 : Air Quality Status, Sabah and Labuan, 2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
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01
Baik / Good (0-50)

300 286
256 259
245 243
250 240
233
219 215 218
212
200 184
179 179
153
144 143 142
150
125
119
112
105 106
100
74
50
2 1 2 5 1 2
0
Miri Samarahan Sri Aman Sarikei Sibu Kapit Limbang Bintulu Kuching Mukah Samalaju ILP Miri
Kawasan/Area
Rajah 1.7 : Status Kualiti Udara Sarawak, 2018

Figure 1.7 : Air Quality Status in Sarawak, 2018

22
CHAPTER
01
TREN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY TREND
Enam (6) pencemar udara iaitu kumin Six (6) air pollutants, namely particulate
pepejal bersaiz 10 mikron (PM10), matter PM10, particulate matter PM2.5,
kumin pepejal bersaiz 2.5 mikron ground level ozone (O3), sulphur
(PM2.5), ozon permukaan bumi (O3), dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida and carbon monoxide (CO) were
(NO2) dan karbon monoksida (CO) monitored continuously at 65 locations
dipantau secara berterusan di 65 buah throughout the country. PM2.5 were
lokasi. Parameter PM2.5 mula dipantau fully monitored in the year 2018. The
sepenuhnya pada tahun 2018. Tren air quality trend for the period of 2010
kualiti udara dari tahun 2010 hingga 2018 to 2018 was determined by averaging
ditentukan dengan mengambilkira the annual air quality concentrations
purata data kualiti udara tahunan monitored from monitoring stations
daripada stesen-stesen pengawasan and compared to Malaysia. Ambient
dan merujuk kepada Standard Kualiti Air Quality Standard . For 2018, the IT-2
Udara Ambien Malaysia. Bagi tahun standards were adopted and used as
2018, Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien references for all ambient air quality
Malaysia mengguna pakai IT-2 (Jadual parameters.(Table 1.2)
1.2).
Jadual 1.2 : Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia

Table 1.2 : Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard
GARIS STANDARD KUALITI UDARA AMBIEN MALAYSIA/
MASA
PANDUAN MALAYSIAN AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD
PURATA/
PARAMETER UNIT SEDIA ADA/
AVERAGING
EXISTING IT-1 (2015) IT-2 (2018) STANDARD (2020)
TIME
GUIDELINES
1 Tahun/Year µg/m3 50 50 45 40
PM10
24 Jam/Hour µg/m 3
150 150 120 100
1 Tahun/Year µg/m 3
- 35 25 15
PM2.5
24 Jam/Hour µg/m3 - 75 50 35
µg/m 3
350 350 300 250
1 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.135 0.135 0.115 0.095
SO2
µg/m3 105 105 90 80
24 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.030
mg/m 3
35 35 35 30
1 Jam/Hour
ppm 30.6 30.6 30.6 26.2
*CO
mg/m3 10 10 10 10
8 Jam/Hour
ppm 8.75 8.75 8.75 8.75
µg/m3 320 320 300 280
1 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.170 0.170 0.160 0.150
NO2
µg/m 3
75 75 75 70
24 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.037
µg/m3 200 200 200 180
1 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.090
O3
µg/m 3
120 120 120 100
8 Jam/Hour
ppm 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.050
Nota: *mg/m3 IT-Interim Tier (tahun)
Note: *mg/m3 IT-Interim Tier (year)
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
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Kumin Pepejal (PM10) Particulate Matter (PM10)
Pada tahun 2018, nilai purata tahunan In 2018, the annual average value
PM10 dalam udara ambien adalah of ambient PM10 concentration was
24 μg/m3 iaitu masih belum melebihi 24 µg/m3 which was lower than the
had yang ditetapkan dalam Standard IT-2 value of Malaysian Ambient Air
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-2 Quality Standard value at 45 µg/m3.
iaitu sebanyak 45 μg/m3. Ini merupakan It was the lowest annual average of
pengurangan yang paling rendah PM10 concentration recorded from
bagi PM10 yang pernah dicatatkan year 2010 due to the wet and humid
semenjak dari tahun 2010. Keadaan weather conditions throughout the
ini dipengaruhi oleh keadaan cuaca year in Malaysia.
yang lembap sepanjang tahun di
Malaysia.
Tren purata tahunan kepekatan PM10 The annual average trend of ambient
dalam udara ambien bagi tahun 2010 PM10 concentration from 2010 until
hingga tahun 2018 adalah seperti 2018 were given in Figure 1.8. Based
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.8. on Figure 1.8(a), annual average level
Berdasarkan kategori guna tanah, of ambient PM10 concentration in 2018
nilai kepekatan PM10 pada tahun 2018 complied with the Malaysia Ambient
adalah mematuhi Standard Kualiti Air Quality Standard IT-2 for all land use
Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-2 categories.
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah
1.8 (a).
70
60 Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m3

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM10 (IT-2)= 45 µg/m3
Kepekatan(µg/m3)/Concentration (µg/m3)
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Kepekatan/Concentration 39 43 43 44 44 53 42 33 24
Nombor Lokasi/Number of Sites 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 65 65
Rajah 1.8 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Kumin Pepejal (PM10), 2010-2018

Figure 1.8 : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10), 2010-2018

24
CHAPTER
01
80
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m3
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM10 (IT-2)= 45 µg/m3
60
40
20
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Industri/Industrial 44 48 49 48 49 58 44 33 23
Bandar/Urban 42 45 46 48 46 57 44 35 28
Luar Bandar/Sub Urban 36 41 39 40 41 49 39 31 26
Latarbelakang/Background 34 36 34 34 33 49 29 25 21
Pendalaman/Rural 30 34 39 35 36 43 32 25 22
Rajah 1.8 (a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Kumin Pepejal (PM10) Mengikut Guna Tanah,
2010-2018
Figure 1.8(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) by Land Use,
2010-2018
Kumin Pepejal (PM2.5) Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
PM2.5 mula diukur dan dianalisis bermula The monotoring of PM2.5 was started
pada pertengahan tahun 2017. Walau in mid 2017. However, the reporting
bagaimanapun, analisis bagi PM2.5 only starts in 2018. In 2018, the annual
dilaporkan di dalam Laporan Kualiti average of PM2.5 concentration was
Alam Sekitar bermula pada tahun 16 µg/m3 which was lower then the IT-2
2018. Nilai purata tahunan PM2.5 dalam value of Malaysian Ambient Air Quality
udara ambien bagi tahun 2018 adalah Standard.
16 μg/m3 iaitu masih belum melebihi
had yang ditetapkan dalam Standard
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi
IT-2 iaitu sebanyak 25 μg/m3.
Berdasarkan kategori guna tanah, Based on the land use categories,

nilai kepekatan PM2.5 pada tahun 2018 PM2.5 concentrations in 2018 was in
adalah mematuhi Standard Kualiti compliance with Malaysia Ambient
Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-2 Air Quality Standard IT-2 as shown
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah in Figure 1.8(b). The highest PM2.5
1.8 (b). Daripada rajah tersebut, concentration was at urban followed
kepekatan PM2.5 tertinggi mengikut by suburban.
guna tanah adalah di kawasan
bandar dan diikuti dengan kawasan
sub-bandar.
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
25
BAB
01
30 Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM2.5 (IT-2) = 25 µg/m3
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM2.5 (IT-2)= 25 µg/m3
25
20
15
10
0
2018
Industri/Industrial 14
Bandar/Urban 19
Luar Bandar/Sub Urban 17
Latarbelakang/Background 12
Pendalaman/Rural 14
Rajah 1.8 (b) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Kumin Pepejal (PM2.5) Mengikut Guna Tanah,
2018
Figure 1.8(b) : Annual Average Concentration of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) by Land Use,
2018
Ozon Permukaan Bumi (O3) Ground Level Ozone (O3)
Pada tahun 2018, purata tahunan In 2018, the annual average

kepekatan maksimum harian ozon daily maximum one-hour ozone
didapati sedikit menurun berbanding concentrations was slightly lower when
dengan tahun 2017. Secara compare to 2017. The overall trend of
keseluruhannya, tren purata tahunan the annual average daily maximum
kepekatan maksimum ozon dalam one-hour ozone concentrations from
udara ambien dari tahun 2010 hingga 2010 to 2018 were below the limit of
2018 adalah mematuhi had sebanyak 0.1 ppm as stipulated in the Malaysia
0.1 ppm seperti yang ditetapkan Ambient Quality Standard IT-2. The
dalam Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien trend is shown in Figure 1.9.
Malaysia bagi IT-2 dan tren tersebut
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.9.
Rajah 1.9(a) menunjukkan kepekatan Figure 1.9(a) presents the ground level
ozon aras bumi untuk pelbagai ozone concentration for various land
kategori guna tanah dari tahun 2010 use categories between 2010 and
hingga 2018. Bermula tahun 2018, 2018. Starting in 2018, O3 parameter
tiada pemantauan ozon dilakukan was not monitored in industrial area
di kawasan industri kerana untuk as the priority was given to the urban
memberi keutamaan pemantauan area. Historically, urban areas has
ozon di kawasan bandar. Kawasan recorded higher levels of ground level
bandar mencatatkan bacaan ozone in this country which is due to

26
CHAPTER
01
ozon lebih tinggi disebabkan oleh high traffic volume coupled with a
jumlah trafik yang lebih tinggi dan conducive atmospheric condition
keadaan atmosfera yang kondusif for grand level ozone formation.
menyebabkan pembentukan ozon. Ground level ozone pollution was
Pencemaran ozon aras bumi juga also dominant in some suburban and
ketara di beberapa kawasan sub- rural areas due to horizontal transport
bandar dan pedalaman disebabkan of ground level ozone precursors,
oleh pergerakan angin yang namely oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and
membawa pencetus pencemar volatile organic compounds (VOC)
ozon aras bumi iaitu oksida-oksid which were emitted mainly from motor
nitrogen (NOx) dan sebatian organik vehicles and industries.
meruap (VOC) yang kebanyakannya
dilepaskan daripada kenderaan
bermotor dan industri.
0.12

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 (IT-2)= 0.1 ppm
0.10
Kepekatan(ppm)/Concentration (ppm)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Kepekatan/Concentration 0.0406 0.0408 0.0409 0.0413 0.0429 0.0435 0.0180 0.0158 0.0153
Rajah 1.9 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3), 2010-2018

Figure 1.9 : Annual Average Concentration of Ground Level Ozone (O3), 2010-2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
27
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01
0.14
0.12
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for O3 (IT-2)= 0.1 ppm
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Industrial/Industri 0.0412 0.0402 0.0407 0.0417 0.0431 0.0463 0.0170 0.0175
Urban/Bandar 0.0453 0.0447 0.0441 0.0457 0.0469 0.0489 0.0192 0.0176 0.0188
Sub Urban/Luar Bandar 0.0364 0.0383 0.0386 0.0370 0.0388 0.0354 0.0159 0.0155 0.0173
Background/Latarbelakang 0.0287 0.0309 0.0327 0.0335 0.0378 0.0416 0.0190 0.0127 0.0099
Rajah 1.9 (a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Ozon (O3) Mengikut Guna Tanah, 2010-2018
Figure 1.9(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Ground Level Ozone (O3) by Land Use,
2010-2018
Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Secara umumnya, purata kepekatan In general, the annual average of

tahunan SO2 menunjukkan tren ambient SO2 concentration showed
penurunan dari tahun 2010 hingga a declining trend from 2000 to 2018
2018 (Rajah 1.10) dan ia adalah jauh (Figure 1.10) and it is well below the
di bawah had sebanyak 0.035 ppm limit of 0.035 ppm as stipulated in
seperti yang ditetapkan dalam the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia Standard IT-2. This was attributed
bagi IT-2. Ini adalah disebabkan oleh by the use of better fuel quality
penggunaan bahan api berkualiti (EURO2M) in this country starting from
(EURO2M) yang lebih baik di negara September 2009 compled with stricter
ini bermula dari bulan September enforcement activities by the DOE
2009 dan penguatkuasaan yang lebih and the the use of natural gas in
tegas oleh JAS serta penggunaan industries and motor vehicles. Toword
gas asli secara meluas dalam proses the end of 2015, EURO4M petrol
industri dan kegunaan kenderaan. and EURO5 diesel quality fuel were
Mulai 1 September 2015, EURO4M introduce in the country with the
RON97 telah dilaksanakan dan aim to reduced pollution from motor
pada November 2015 EURO5 Diesel vehicles. Eventhough the number of
yang mengandungi kandungan vehicles that used both types of fuels
sulfur kurang dari 10 mg/l pula is lower compared to EURO2M vehicles
telah diperkenalkan di pasaran. but it was shown that the trend of SO2
Walaupun jumlah kenderaan yang has decreased in urban and industrial
menggunakan kedua bahan areas. Figure 1.10(a) showed the
api tersebut masih lagi rendah annual average concentrations of

28
CHAPTER
01
berbanding penggunaan EURO2M, ambient sulphur dioxide based on
sedikit sebanyak ia mempengaruhi different categories of land use. From
tren pelepasan SO2 di kawasan industri the figure, it was observed that the
dan bandar yang menunjukkan SO2 concentration in all categories
semakin berkurangan pelepasan SO2. of land use were slightly lower than
Rajah 1.10 (a) menunjukkan kepekatan previous years. This could be the results
purata tahunan bagi sulfur dioksida of using better fuel quality in Malaysia.
mengikut kategori guna tanah.
Berdasarkan kepada rajah tersebut,
keadaan menunjukkan bahawa
kepekatan SO2 di kawasan-kawasan
mengikut kategori tanah adalah
lebih rendah berbanding dengan
tahun-tahun sebelumnya termasuk
di kawasan bandar. Ini menunjukkan
keberkesanan ke atas penggunaan
bahan api yang lebih berkualiti
yang digunakan oleh kenderaan-
kenderaan di Malaysia.
0.02
0.01
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rajah 1.10 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), 2010-2018

Figure 1.10 : Annual Average Concentration of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 2010-2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
29
BAB
01
0.02
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi SO2 (IT-2) = 0.035 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for SO2 (IT-2)= 0.035 ppm
0.01
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Industri/Industrial 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0026 0.0024 0.0028 0.0019 0.0009
Bandar/Urban 0.0019 0.0020 0.0018 0.0020 0.0020 0.0018 0.0023 0.0013 0.0012
Luar Bandar/Sub Urban 0.0012 0.0014 0.0015 0.0013 0.0015 0.0017 0.0013 0.0019 0.0010
Latarbelakang/Background 0.0014 0.0007 0.0009 0.0005 0.0006 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0009
Rajah 1.10(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) Mengikut Guna Tanah,
2010-2018
Figure 1.10(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) by Land Use, 2010-2018
Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Pada tahun 2018, terdapat sedikit In 2018, there was a slight decrease
penurunan bagi kepekatan NO2 of NO2 concentration compared to
berbanding tahun 2017. Kepekatan 2017 level. The NO2 concentrations
NO2 kekal tinggi di kawasan bandar remained high in urban area which
disebabkan oleh peningkatan yang may be due to a significant increase
ketara dalam bilangan kenderaan in the number of motor vehicles and
bermotor dan proses pembakaran. combustion processes. Estimation on
Anggaran beban pelepasan NO2 the NO2 emission load indicated that
menunjukkan sebanyak 66% adalah 66% was from power plants while 26%
daripada loji janakuasa, 26% daripada from motor vehicles, 7% from industries
pelepasan kenderaan bermotor, 7% and 1% from other sources. The annual
daripada industri dan 1% daripada average of ambient NO2 concentration
lain-lain sumber. Kepekatan purata from 2010 to 2018 remained almost
tahunan NO2 dalam udara ambien constant and well below the Malaysia
dari tahun 2010 hingga 2018 adalah Ambient Air Quality Standard IT-2.
stabil dan jauh berada di bawah had (Figure 1.11 and Figure 1.11(a))
yang ditetapkan dalam Standard
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi IT-
2. (Rajah 1.11 dan Rajah 1.11 (a))

30
CHAPTER
01
0.04
Concentration (ppm)
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
Kepekatan(ppm)/
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16 ppm
0.02
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rajah 1.11 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Sulfur Dioksida (NO2), 2010-2018

Figure 1.11 : Annual Average Concentration of Sulphur Dioxide (NO2), 2010-2018
0.04
Concentration (ppm)
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi NO2 (IT-2) = 0.16 ppm
Kepekatan(ppm)/
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for NO2 (IT-2)= 0.16 ppm
0.02
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Bandar/Urban 0.0098 0.0105 0.0101 0.0103 0.0107 0.0101 0.0110 0.0100 0.0110
Rajah 1.11(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) Mengikut Guna Tanah,
2010-2018
Figure 1.11(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) by Land Use,
2010-2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
31
BAB
01
Karbon Monoksida (CO) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Kepekatan CO pada tahun 2018 There was a slight increase of ambient

menunjukkan sedikit peningkatan CO level in year 2018 compared to
berbanding tahun 2017. Walau 2017. However the trend of CO
bagaimanapun, tren kepekatan concentration from 2010 to 2018
CO dari tahun 2010 hingga 2018 remained almost constant. The
adalah stabil. Tahap kepekatan yang levels recorded were well below the
dicatatkan juga mematuhi Standard Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard
Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi of IT-2 (Figure 1.12). Starting 2018, CO
IT-2 (Rajah 1.12). Bermula pada tahun was not monitored in industrial area as
2018, pemantauan CO di kawasan the priority was given to the urban area
industri tidak lagi dilakukan. Di kawasan as the concentration of CO was higher
bandar, kepekatan CO adalah lebih and the main source of CO emission
tinggi yang berpunca daripada was identified from motor vehicles with
pelepasan kenderaan bermotor a total of 96% of CO emission load
dengan menyumbang sebanyak in 2018. Figure 1.12(a) showed the
96% daripada beban pelepasan ambient CO concentrations based on
CO pada tahun 2017. Rajah 1.12 (a) land use categories.
menunjukkan kepekatan CO untuk
pelbagai kategori guna tanah.
3.0
2.0
Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm
Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for CO (IT-2)= 9 ppm
1.0
0.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rajah 1.12 : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Dioksida (CO), 2010-2018

Figure 1.12 : Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO), 2010-2018

32
CHAPTER
01
4.0
3.0
2.0 Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi CO (IT-2) = 9 ppm

Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standard for CO (IT-2)= 9 ppm
1.0
0.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Bandar/Urban 0.6933 0.7221 0.7004 0.7418 0.7923 0.6219 0.5784 0.6745 0.7247
Rajah 1.12(a) : Purata Kepekatan Tahunan Karbon Dioksida (CO) Mengikut Guna Tanah,
2010-2018
Figure 1.12(a) : Annual Average Concentration of Carbon Monoxide (CO) by Land Use,
2010-2018
KUALITI UDARA
AIR QUALITY
33
BAB
02

34
Kualiti Air
Sungai
River Water Quality
BAB
Chapter 2
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
35
BAB
02
PROGRAM THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PENGAWASAN KUALITI QUALITY MONITORING
ALAM SEKITAR PROGRAMME (EQMP)
Program Pengawasan Kualiti Alam The Environmental Quality Monitoring
Sekitar atau EQMP (Environmental Programme or EQMP is a Goverment
Quality Monitoring Programme) initiative to strengthen the monitoring of
merupakan satu program inisiatif environmental quality. The programme
kerajaan untuk memantapkan includes data collection for air quality,
pemantauan kualiti alam sekitar. river water quality and marine water
Program ini merangkumi pengumpulan quality throughout Malaysia for the
data bagi kualiti udara, kualiti purpose of reporting the actual level of
air sungai dan kualiti air marin di environmental quality in the country in
seluruh Malaysia bagi tujuan untuk order to monitor, prevent and control
melaporkan tahap sebenar kualiti pollution.
alam sekitar Negara dalam usaha
untuk memantau, mencegah dan
mengawal pencemaran.
EQMP ini adalah penambahbaikan The EQMP is an improvement of

daripada sistem pengawasan kualiti the existing environmental quality
alam sekitar yang telah digunapakai monitoring system that has been
oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar sejak tahun adopted by the Department of
1995 sehingga 2015 bagi pengawasan Environment (DOE) from 1995 to 2015
kualiti air sungai. for river water quality monitoring.
Syarikat Pakar Scieno TW Sdn Bhd Pakar Scieno TW Sdn Bhd has been
telah dilantik sebagai syarikat appointed as the concessionaire to
konsesi yang menjalankan Program conduct the Environmental Quality
Pengawasan Kualiti Alam Sekitar di Monitoring Programme under the
bawah Kementerian melalui Jabatan Ministry through the Department of
Alam Sekitar bagi tempoh selama lima Environment for a period of fifteen (15)
belas (15) tahun bermula tahun 2017 years from 2017 to January 2032.
sehingga Januari 2032.

36
CHAPTER
02
PENGAWASAN KUALITI RIVER WATER QUALITY
AIR SUNGAI MONITORING
Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) The Department of Environment (DOE)
meneruskan program pengawasan continues the river water quality
kualiti air sungai pada tahun 2018 monitoring programme in 2018 to
bagi menentukan kualiti air sungai determine the status of river water
dan mengesan perubahan ke atas quality and to detect changes in river
kualiti air sungai. Sampel-sampel air water quality. Water samples were
sungai diambil daripada stesen-stesen collected from designated stations
yang telah ditetapkan dan diukur for in-situ and laboratory analysis
kualitinya secara in-situ serta dihantar to determine its physico-chemical
ke makmal untuk dianalisis bertujuan and biological characteristics. The
menentukan kriteria dari segi fizik-kimia Water Quality Index (WQI) is used
dan biologi. Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) to indicate the level of pollution
digunakan untuk mengukur tahap and the corresponding suitability in
pencemaran dan kesesuaian jenis terms of water uses according to the
guna air seperti yang digariskan oleh National Water Quality Standards for
Standard Kualiti Air Negara (ANNEX). Malaysia (NWQS) (ANNEX). The WQI
IKA telah mengambilkira parameter takes into consideration parameters
Oksigen Terlarut (DO), Keperluan Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical
Oksigen Biokimia (BOD), Keperluan Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oksigen Kimia (COD), Ammonia Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal
Nitrogen(NH3-N), Pepejal Terampai Nitrogen (NH3-N), Suspended Solids
(SS) dan pH. Pada tahun 2018, kualiti (SS) and pH. In 2018, river water quality
air sungai telah dinilai berdasarkan was assessed based on a total of 8,118
sejumlah 8,118 sampel air sungai yang samples taken from a total of 1,353
telah diambil daripada sejumlah 1,353 manual monitoring stations covering
stesen pengawasan manual yang 638 rivers out of a total 2,986 rivers in
merangkumi 638 sungai. Malaysia.
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
37
BAB
02
STATUS KUALITI AIR RIVER WATER QUALITY
SUNGAI STATUS
Sejumlah 357 (56%) sungai daripada Out of the 638 rivers monitored, 357
638 sungai yang diawasi telah (56%) showed clean water quality,
menunjukkan indeks kualiti air bersih, 231 (36%) were slightly polluted while
231 (36%) adalah sederhana tercemar 50 (8%) were polluted (Figure 2.1).
dan 50 (8%) adalah tercemar (Rajah The monitored rivers and their overall
2.1). Status kualiti air bagi sungai-sungai quality status are as in Table 2.1, Table
yang diawasi adalah seperti dalam 2.2 and Table 2.3.
Jadual 2.1, Jadual 2.2 dan Jadual 2.3.
Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD), As in previous years, Biochemical

Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) dan Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammoniacal
Pepejal Terampai (SS) masih menjadi Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Suspended Solids
punca kepada pencemaran sungai. (SS) remained significant in terms of
BOD yang tinggi kerap kali dikaitkan river pollution. High BOD can be
dengan pengolahan sisa kumbahan attributed to inadequate treatment
yang tidak mencukupi, atau akibat of sewage or effluent from agro-
pelepasan effluen daripada industri- based and manufacturing industries.
industri pengilangan dan berasaskan The main sources of NH3-N may be
pertanian. Punca utama NH3-N attributed from animal farming and
pula boleh dikaitkan dengan aktiviti domestic sewage, while the sources
penternakan dan kumbahan domestik for SS were mainly due to improper
manakala punca utama SS adalah earthworks and land clearing activities.
kerja-kerja tanah yang tidak teratur
dan aktiviti pembukaan tanah.
Bersih/Clean
Sederhana Tercemar/Slightly Polluted
Tercemar/Polluted
Jumlah Sungai/Total Number of River
100%
638
90%
Peratus Bilangan Sungai/Percentage Number of River
579 577 570

80%
477 477 477 477 477 477

70%
464
58% 59% 58% 58% 58%

60%
56%
53%
51% 51%
50%
47% 46%
43% 43%
38% 39%
40%
36% 36% 35% 36%
34% 34%
32%
30%
20%
13%
8% 9% 8% 8% 10% 10% 11% 8%
10%
6% 7%
0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 2.1 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai, 2008-2018

Figure 2.1 : River Water Quality Trend, 2008-2018
38
CHAPTER
02
Jadual 2.1 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Bersih, 2018
Table 2.1 : Water Quality Status of Clean Rivers, 2018
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/ SUNGAI/RIVER IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
NUMBER OF
RIVER BASIN WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
STATIONS
Perlis Sg. Perlis Sg. Wang Kelian 1 89 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Arau 2 New 82 B/C II
Sg. Serai 1 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Empangan
1 New 88 B/C II
Timah Tasoh
Sg. Ngulang 1 79 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Jarum 1 81 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Kok Mak 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Pelarit 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Jernih 1 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Kedah Sg. Kisap Sg. Kisap 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
(Langkawi) Sg. Melaka Sg. Melaka 5 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Tuba 1 New 90 B/C II
Sg. Petang 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C III
Kedah Sg. Kedah Sg. Janing 1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Sintok 1 New 82 B/C II
Sg. Terusan
1 New 87 B/C II
Lengkuas
Sg. Terusan
1 New 85 B/C II
Mada Selatan
Sg. Terusan
1 New 87 B/C II
Tengah
Sg. Tekai 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Pedu 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Merbok Sg. Tupah 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Bukit Nanas 1 New 91 B/C II
Sg. Tok Pawang 1 80 ST/SP II 88 B/C II
Kedah/ Sg. Muda Sg. Chepir 1 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
P.Pinang Sg. Karangan 1 81 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Muda 4 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Gunung Inas 1 New 90 B/C II
Sg. Tawar 2 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Ketil 2 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Sedim 1 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Pegang 1 81 B/C II 90 B/C II

P.Pinang Sg. Pinang Sg. Air Terjun 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Batu Feringghi 2 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Kluang Sg. Ara 2 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
P.Pinang/
Sg. Perai Sg. Kulim 4 79 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Kedah
P.Pinang/ Sg. Kerian Sg. Kechil 1 84 B/C II 82 B/C II
Kedah/Perak Sg. Selama 2 76 ST/SP 86 B/C II
Sg. Kerian 4 81 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Terusan
1 New 91 B/C II
Bagan Serai
Perak Sg. Bruas Sg. Rotan 1 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Licin 1 New 93 B/C III
Sg. Bruas 3 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Dandang 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
39
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Perak Sg. Kurau Sg. Ara 2 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Perak Sg. Chepor 1 90 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Chenderiang 1 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Behrang 1 New 92 B/C II
Sg. Berok 1 New 92 B/C II
Sg. Cuar 1 New 83 B/C II
Sg. Ibol 1 New 93 B/C I
Sg. Kerbau 2 New 92 B/C II
Sg. Klian Gunung 1 New 93 B/C I
Sg. Pelus 2 79 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pulau 1 New 91 B/C II
Sg. Rui 2 New 87 B/C II
Sg. Tapah 1 New 94 B/C I
Sg. Kuang 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Klah 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Kinjang 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Kampar 2 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Batang
3 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Padang
Sg. Kangsar 1 81 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sungkai 2 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Raia 2 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Perak 8 85 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Raja Hitam Sg. Nyior 1 93 B/C I 92 B/C II
Sg. Manjong 2 74 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Nyior 2 New 88 B/C II
Sg. Temerloh 2 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Jana 1 84 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Limau 1 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Trong 1 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Batu Tegoh 3 83 B/C II 81 B/C II
Selangor/Perak Sg. Bernam Sg. Inki 1 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Dusun 1 New 87 B/C II
Sg. Slim 2 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Trolak 1 88 B/C II 87 B/C II
Selangor Sg. Selangor Sg. Kerling 1 86 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Rangkap 1 New 91 B/C II
Sg. Selangor 4 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kanching 1 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Serendah 1 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Batang Kali 1 82 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Tengi Sg. Tengi 3 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Rumput 1 New 90 B/C II
Sg. Semelah 1 80 ST/SP 82 B/C II
Selangor/ Sg. Langat Sg. Rinching 2 New 82 B/C II

Putrajaya/
N.Sembilan Sg. Chuau 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II

40
CHAPTER
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Melaka/ Sg. Melaka Sg. Tampin 1 86 B/C II 83 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg. Dusun 1 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kemunting 1 85 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Linggi Sg. Batang Penar 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Jelai 1 New I 83 B/C II
Sg. Kepayong 1 72 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Batu Hampar 1 New I 85 B/C II
Sg. Muar 1 New I 86 B/C II
Sg. Simpang
1 New I 81 B/C II
Ampat
Sg. Siput 1 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Kundur Besar 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Pedas 1 84 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Rembau 2 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Chembong 1 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Melaka Sg. Kesang Sg. Chohong 2 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Seri Melaka Sg. Udang 1 New 86 B/C II
Sg. Duyong Sg. Gapam 1 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Johor Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Kahang 1 New 82 B/C II
Sg. Merek 1 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Merpo 1 72 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Bantang 1 92 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Johor Sg. Pelepah 2 89 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Telor 1 86 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Bukit Besar 1 75 ST/SP III 83 B/C II
Sg. Lebam 1 71 ST/SP III 84 B/C II
Sg. Papan 1 70 ST/SP III 81 B/C II
Sg. Penggeli 2 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sening 1 New 86 B/C II
Sg. Linggiu 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Layang 1 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Remis 1 85 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Semangar 1 84 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Sayong 4 83 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Santi 1 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Layau Kiri 1 82 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Belitong 1 81 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Mersing Sg. Mersing 2 77 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Paloi Sg. Paloi 1 78 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sedili Besar Sg. Dohol 1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Ambat 1 79 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pasir Panjang 1 75 ST/SP III 85 B/C II
Sg. Sedili Besar 5 77 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Temubor
1 75 ST/SP III 89 B/C II
Kanan
Sg. Jemaluang Sg. Jemaluang 2 77 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
41
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Johor/ Sg. Muar Sg. Air Panas 1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
N.Sembilan/ Sg. Belemang 1 New 87 B/C II
Pahang Sg. Labis 1 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Meda 1 77 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Pendol 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Segamat 1 79 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Juasseh 1 90 B/C II 89 B/C II
Pahang/Johor Sg. Endau Sg. Jasin 1 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Dengar 1 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Empangan
1 New 91 B/C II
Labong
Sg. Lenggor 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Mamai 1 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tamok 1 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Selai 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Endau 3 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Kahang 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Pahang/ Sg. Pahang Sg. Teranum 1 92 B/C II 89 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg.Anak Sg. Lepar 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Batu 1 New 82 B/C II
Sg. Belayar 1 New 91 B/C II
Sg. Berkelah 1 New 92 B/C II
Sg. Bilut 2 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Jengka 2 80 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kecau 3 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Krau 1 New 87 B/C II
Sg. Maran 1 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Mentiga 1 78 ST/SP II 81 B/C II
Sg. Penjuring 1 New 91 B/C II
Sg. Pertang 2 New 83 B/C II
Sg. Raub 1 New 88 B/C II
Sg. Retang 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Salak 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Bera 1 78 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Telemong 3 New 88 B/C II
Sg. Teras 1 91 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Jempol 2 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Telang 1 87 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Maran 1 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Teris 3 82 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Benus 2 89 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kelau 1 89 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Lipis 3 89 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Tembeling 1 87 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Perting 1 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tahan 1 87 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Teh 1 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pahang 8 84 B/C II 83 B/C II

42
CHAPTER
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Pahang/ Sg. Pahang Sg. Tanglir 1 85 B/C II 83 B/C II
N.Sembilan Sg. Koyan 1 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Lepar 3 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Luit 1 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Bentong 1 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tasik Chini 1 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Semantan 4 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tekal 1 83 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kertam 1 81 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. T. Paya
1 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Bungor
Sg. Triang 2 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Jelai 2 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Pahang Sg. Bertam Sg. Habu 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Lenggok 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bertam 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Burung 1 91 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Ringlet 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Tringkap 1 86 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Terla 1 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Telom 2 81 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Anak Endau Sg. Anak Endau 2 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Cherating Sg. Cherating 1 82 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kuantan Sg. Kenau 1 81 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Belat 1 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Charu 1 80 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kuantan 5 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pinang 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Reman 1 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Riau 1 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Pandan 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Rompin Sg. Pukin 1 83 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Jekatih 2 New 83 B/C II
Sg. Jeram 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Keratong 4 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sepayang 1 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Pontian 1 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Aur 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Terengganu Sg. Besut Sg. Besut 2 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Jertih 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Dungun Sg. Dungun 4 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Kemaman Sg. Cherul 1 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Perasing 1 New 83 B/C II
Sg. Kemaman 2 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Chukai Sg. Ibok 1 79 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Kertih Sg. Kertih 1 78 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kluang Sg. Kluang 1 75 ST/SP III 82 B/C II
Sg. Marang Sg. Marang 1 75 ST/SP III 85 B/C II
Sg. Temala 1 New 85 B/C II
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
43
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Terengganu Sg. Setiu Sg. Bari 1 New 89 B/C II
Sg. Chalok 2 79 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Tarom 1 New 88 B/C II
Sg. Setiu 2 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Paka Sg. Besul 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Paka 1 79 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Rengat 1 New 87 B/C II
Sg. Terengganu Sg. Berang 1 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Nerus 1 81 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Telemong 1 88 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Terengganu 3 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Kelantan Sg. Golok Sg. Golok 5 88 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Jedok 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Lanas 1 88 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kelantan Sg. Chiku 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Kenkren 1 New 85 B/C II
Sg. Ketil 1 New 86 B/C II
Sg. Murung 1 New 88 B/C II
Sg. Pelaur 1 New 89 B/C II
Sg. Penangau 1 New 81 B/C II
Sg. Tuang 1 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Pergau 6 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Lebir 3 83 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Galas 5 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Betis 1 88 B/C II 83 B/C II
Sg. Kerilla 1 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Nal 2 84 B/C II 82 B/C II
Sg. Relai 1 84 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sokor 1 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kemasin Sg. Semerak 2 81 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sabah Sg. Apas Sg. Apas 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Balung Sg. Balung 1 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bongawan Sg. Bongawan 1 82 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Bengkoka Sg. Bengkoka 2 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Bingkongan Sg. Menggaris 2 89 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Bandau 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Bingkongan 2 88 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tandek 1 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kalabakan Sg. Kalabakan 3 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Brantian Sg. Brantian 1 85 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Kalumpang Sg. Kalumpang 3 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pang Burong
1 New 84 B/C II
1
Sg. Kedamaian Sg. Kedamaian 1 89 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Wariu 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tempasuk 2 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Kimanis Sg. Kimanis 1 77 ST/SP II 91 B/C II

44
CHAPTER
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg.
Sabah Sg. Koyah 1 86 B/C II 86 B/C II
Kinabatangan
Sg. Menanggul 1 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Pin 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Takala 1 New 83 B/C II
Sg. Leepang 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg.
3 82 B/C II 83 B/C II
Kinabatangan
Sg. Karamuak 1 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Labok Sg. Kinipir 2 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Liwagu 2 89 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Maliau 1 90 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Labok 1 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tungud 1 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Lakutan Sg. Lakutan 1 87 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Likas Sg. Menggatal 2 85 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Darau 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Inanam 3 79 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Lingkungan Sg. Lingkungan 1 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Bukau 1 88 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Membakut Sg. Membakut 1 80 ST/SP II 89 B/C II
Sg.
Sg. Menggalong 2 88 B/C II 89 B/C II
Menggalong
Sg. Merotai Sg. Merotai 3 86 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Mounad Sg. Mounad 2 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Moyog Sg. Moyog 4 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Padas Sg. Bunsit 1 92 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Liawan 1 90 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Padas 3 82 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Pegalan 3 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Tandulu 1 90 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Paitan Sg. Paitan 1 82 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Papar Sg. Papar 3 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sapi Sg. Sapi 3 81 B/C II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sualong 1 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Segama Sg. Segama 3 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Segaliud Sg. Segaliud 2 81 B/C II 81 B/C II
Sg. Silabukan Sg. Silabukan 2 87 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Sugut Sg. Merali 1 92 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Bongkud 1 91 B/C II 92 B/C II
Sg. Lohan 1 92 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Sugut 3 89 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Tawau Sg. Tawau 4 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tenghilan Sg. Tenghilan 1 87 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Tingkayu Sg. Tingkayu 2 83 B/C II 84 B/C II
Sg. Tuaran Sg. Tuaran 2 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Song Sai 1 87 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Damit 2 82 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Umas-Umas Sg. Umas-Umas 1 80 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Tungku Sg. Tungku 2 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
45
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sarawak Sg. Baram Sg. Tutuh 1 81 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Baram 4 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Balingian Sg. Balingian 2 78 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Lawas Sg. Lawas 3 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Kemena Sg. Kemena 3 77 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sibiu 1 76 ST/SP III 86 B/C II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Kerian 2 79 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Lawas Sg. Lawas 3 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Limbang Sg. Limbang 5 81 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Lupar Sg. Lupar 3 78 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sekerang 1 80 ST/SP II 89 B/C II
Sg. Seterap 1 80 ST/SP II 87 B/C II
Sg. Undup 1 80 ST/SP II 91 B/C II
Sg. Ai 2 86 B/C II 91 B/C II
Sg. Niah Sg. Niah 2 80 ST/SP II 88 B/C II
Sg. Rajang Sg. Binatang 1 83 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sg. Baloi 1 79 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Meradong 1 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Rajang 11 77 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Sg. Sarikei 2 80 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Julau 1 81 B/C II 90 B/C II
Sg. Kanowit 1 82 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak Sg. Semadang 1 87 B/C II 93 B/C I
Sg. Kelantan 1 New 84 B/C II
Sg. Kuap 1 77 ST/SP II 86 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak Kiri 1 80 ST/SP II 92 B/C II
Sg. Tapah 1 New 90 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak 6 81 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Sarawak
1 81 B/C II 86 B/C II
Kanan
Sg. Sibuti Sg. Kejapil 1 80 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Sg. Sibuti 2 80 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Sg. Similajau Sg. Similajau 2 79 ST/SP II 89 B/C II
Sg. Trusan Sg. Trusan 1 83 B/C II 88 B/C II
Sg. Suai Sg. Suai 1 76 ST/SP III 84 B/C II
Sg. Tatau Sg. Tatau 1 80 ST/SP II 87 B/C II
Sg. Semunsam Sg. Semunsam 1 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sadong Sg. Tarat 5 81 B/C II 92 B/C II
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean
ST/SP : Sederhana Tercemar/Slightly Polluted
T/P : Tercemar/Polluted

46
CHAPTER
02
Jadual 2.2 : Status Kualiti Air Sungai bagi Sungai Sederhana Tercemar, 2018
Table 2.2 : Water Quality Status of Slightly Polluted Rivers, 2018
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Perlis Sg. Perlis Sg. Korok 1 New 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Perlis 1 69 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Kedah Sg. Kedah Sg. Changlun 1 New 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Kedah 1 66 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Napoh 1 New 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Padang
3 84 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Terap
Sg. Pendang 1 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Merbok Sg. Merbok 1 71 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Korok 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Bongkok 1 61 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Kedah
Sg. Kuah Sg. Kuah 1 New 65 ST/SP III
(Langkawi)
Kedah/
Sg. Muda Sg. Jerong 1 71 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
P.Pinang
P.Pinang Sg. Bayan Lepas Sg. Tiram 2 69 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Bayan Lepas 1 65 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Machang
Sg. Jawi 1 71 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Bubok
Sg. Junjong 1 70 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Juru Sg. Ara 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Permatang
1 New 74 ST/SP III
Rawa
Sg. Kilang Ubi 4 63 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Kluang Sg. Relau 1 69 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP III
Sg. Dua Besar 1 New 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Kluang 1 New 70 ST/SP III
P.Pinang/ Sg. Pinang Sg. Dondang 1 69 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Kedah Sg. Pinang 2 57 T/P III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Jelutong 1 49 T/P IV 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Titi Kerawang 1 New 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Air Itam 5 67 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
P.Pinang/
Sg. Perai Sg. Jarak 3 68 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Kedah/Perak
Sg. Kubang
1 New 61 ST/SP III
Semang
Sg. Seluang 1 New 62 ST/SP III
Sg. Keladi 1 70 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Kerian Sg. Semang 1 New 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Serdang 1 New 75 ST/SP III
Perak Sg. Kurau Sg. Kurau 4 80 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Perak Sg. Kerdah 1 70 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Bidor 3 82 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Kinta 6 74 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Kepayang 2 72 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Pinji 2 61 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Pari 1 66 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Seluang 1 65 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Serokai 1 58 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Sintang 1 New 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Sungkai Mati 1 New 72 ST/SP III
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
47
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Perak Sg. Perak Sg. Nyamok 1 55 T/P III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Teja 1 New 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Tumboh 1 62 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Raja Hitam Sg. Raja Hitam 2 49 T/P IV 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Sepetang Sg. Lidin 1 New 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Malai 2 New 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Sepetang 2 73 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Wangi 2 New 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Wangi Sg. Deralik 1 65 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Selangor Sg. Selangor Sg. Sembah 1 69 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Air Hitam 2 New 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Guntong 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Kundang 1 New 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Rawang 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Sepang Sg. Sepang 2 77 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Selangor/Perak Sg. Bernam Sg. Bernam 4 82 B/C II 77 ST/SP II
Selangor/ Sg. Langat Sg. Semenyih 1 76 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Putrajaya/ Sg. Anak Chuau 1 70 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
N.Sembilan Sg. Balak 1 New 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang Benar 1 New 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang Labu 1 New 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Beranang 1 New 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Buan 1 New 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Limau Manis 1 New 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Sering 1 New 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Jijan 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Pajam 1 67 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Batang Nilai 1 62 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Langat 7 64 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Selangor/WPKL Sg. Klang Sg. Batu 4 75 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Anak Air Batu 1 72 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Bunos 3 57 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Penchala 1 82 B/C II 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Pusu 1 New 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Keroh 2 71 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Gombak 3 72 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Damansara 2 64 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Jinjang 3 61 ST/SP III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Klang 8 60 ST/SP III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Rasau 1 72 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Toba 1 61 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Melaka Sg. Duyong Sg. Duyong 3 64 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Kesang Sg. Kesang 3 75 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. ChiChin 2 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Tangkak 1 New 62 ST/SP III
Sg. Seri Melaka Sg. Air Salak 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Seri Melaka 1 56 T/P III 61 ST/SP III

48
CHAPTER
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Melaka/ Sg. Melaka Sg. Batang Melaka 2 81 B/C II 79 ST/SP II
N.Sembilan Sg. Putat 2 New 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Rembia 1 61 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Durian Tunggal 1 73 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Melaka 1 69 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Negeri Sg. Lukut Sg. Lukut 1 New 71 ST/SP III
Sembilan Sg. Baru Sg. Baru 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Melaka/ Sg. Empangan
Sg. Linggi 1 New 72 ST/SP III
N.Sembilan Terip
Sg. Kayu Ara 1 New 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Kenaboi 1 New 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Ngoi-Ngoi 1 New 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Paroi 1 New 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Senawang 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Temiang 2 New 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Tuang 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Simin 1 77 ST/SP II 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Linggi 5 74 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Johor Sg. Batu Pahat Sg. Amran 1 67 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Bekok 5 76 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Lenik 1 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Chaah 1 81 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Panchor 1 New 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Semberong 2 59 T/P III 67 ST/SP III
Sg. Simpang Kiri 3 61 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Sg. Berlian 1 70 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Benut Sg. Ulu Benut 1 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Parit Hj.
1 74 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Yassin
Sg. Pinggan 1 65 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III
Sg. Benut 4 69 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP II
Sg. Anak Sg.
Sg. Johor 1 68 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP II
Sayong
Sg. Seluyut 1 76 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP II
Sg. Tiram 4 73 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Panti 1 79 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Berangan 1 New 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Chemangar 1 58 T/P III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Johor 4 81 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Semenchu 1 54 T/P III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Serai 1 New 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Sebol 1 65 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Kaw. Pasir
Sg. Latoh 1 52 T/P III 64 ST/SP III
Gudang
Sg. Skudai Sg. Melana 2 52 T/P III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Skudai 9 59 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Empangan
Sg. Mersing 1 New 77 ST/SP II
Congok
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
49
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sg. Pontian
Johor Sg. Air Hitam 1 64 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Besar
Sg. Pontian Besar 5 60 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Pontian
Sg. Pontian Kecil 2 72 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Kecil
Sg. Pulai Sg. Pulai 2 64 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Ulu Choh 1 49 T/P IV 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Rambah Sg. Rambah 2 66 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Sanglang Sg. Sanglang 1 57 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Sedili Kecil Sg. Sedili Kecil 2 73 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Anak Sedili
1 53 T/P III 76 ST/SP III
Kecil
Sg. Bahan 2 67 ST/SP III 60 ST/SP III
Johor/ Sg. Muar Sg. Gemas 2 New 66 ST/SP III
N.Sembilan/ Sg. Kelamah 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Pahang Sg. Merbudu 1 New 68 ST/SP III
Sg. P.
1 New 80 ST/SP II
Mengkuang
Sg. Pagoh 1 New 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Palong 2 New 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Sarang
1 57 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Buaya
Sg. Senarut 1 New 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Simpang Loi 1 New 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Tenang 1 New 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Gemencheh 1 80 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Muar 8 80 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Pahang Sg. Balok Sg. Balok 2 71 ST/SP III 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Panjang 1 69 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Bebar Sg. Merba 1 78 ST/SP II 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Bebar 1 73 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Serai 2 74 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Kuantan Sg. Talam 1 79 ST/SP II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Galing Besar 2 New 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Merchong Sg. Merchong 1 77 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Pahang/Johor Sg. Rompin Sg. Kepasing 1 New 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Bakar 1 New 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Rompin 4 80 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Endau Sg. Paloh 1 76 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Anak Sg.
1 New 76 ST/SP III
Semberong
Sg. Jebong 1 58 T/P III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Lenga 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Melatai 1 58 T/P III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Semberong 5 77 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Mengkibol 3 70 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Pamol 1 61 ST/SP III 68 ST/SP III
Sg. Tonggok Sg. Tonggok 1 73 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III

50
CHAPTER
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Pahang/ Sg. Pahang Sg. Chini 1 81 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
N.Sembilan Sg. Tehh 1 New 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Bera 2 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Serting 2 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Terengganu Sg. Chukai Sg. Chukai 1 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Bungkus 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Ruang 1 71 ST/SP III 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Merang Sg. Merang 1 68 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Merchang Sg. Merchang 1 71 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Landas 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Terengganu Sg. Pueh 1 88 B/C II 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Ibai Sg. Ibai 3 70 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Kemaman Sg. Ransan 1 68 ST/SP III 75 ST/SP III
Sg. Neram 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Marang Sg. Kerak 1 New 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Paka Sg. Rasau 1 72 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Kelantan Sg. Kelantan Sg. Kelantan 3 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Belatop 2 87 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Ber 1 88 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Berok 3 85 B/C II 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Nenggiri 3 84 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Rasau 1 New 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Isos 1 New 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Kemasin Sg. Gali 1 New 74 ST/SP III
Sg. Kemasin 2 76 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Pengkalan
Sg. Raja Gali 1 78 ST/SP II 73 ST/SP III
Chepa
Sg. Alor Lintah 1 58 T/P III 63 ST/SP III
Sg. Pengkalan
2 70 ST/SP III 65 ST/SP III
Chepa
Sg. Keladi 1 76 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Pengkalan Sg. Pengkalan
3 77 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Datu Datu
Sg. Pasir Hor 1 New 75 ST/SP III
Sabah Sg. Sembulan Sg. Sembulan 2 67 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Pang Burong
1 New 70 ST/SP III
2
Sg. Likas 2 72 ST/SP III 76 ST/SP III
Sg. Telipok Sg. Telipok 2 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sarawak Sg. Kayan Sg. Kayan 3 79 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Kerian Sg. Seblak 1 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Miri Sg. Lutong 1 75 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Miri 2 75 ST/SP III 61 ST/SP III
Sg. Padang Liku 1 82 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Dalam 1 75 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Mukah Sg. Mukah 4 76 ST/SP III 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Niah Sg. Sekaloh 1 74 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Oya Sg. Oya 3 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Sg. Rajang Sg. Salim 1 72 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
51
BAB
02
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Sarawak Sg. Sarawak Sg. Semenggoh 1 68 ST/SP III 66 ST/SP III
Sg. Tabuan 1 73 ST/SP III 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Samarahan 2 79 ST/SP II 73 ST/SP III
Sg. Maong Kiri 1 64 ST/SP III 69 ST/SP III
Sg. Saribas Sg. Layar 2 82 B/C II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Saribas 1 74 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP II
Sg. Sibuti Sg. Kabuloh 2 67 ST/SP III 72 ST/SP III
Sg. Satap 1 78 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Sg. Sadong Sg. Sadong 4 79 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP II
Sg. Karangan 2 77 ST/SP II 75 ST/SP III
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean

52
CHAPTER
02
Jadual 2.3 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Tercemar, 2018
Table 2.3 : Water Quality Status of Polluted Rivers, 2018
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
P.Pinang Sg. Jawi Sg. Jawi 1 44 T/P IV 47 T/P IV
Sg. Tengah 1 New 49 T/P IV
Sg. Chempedak 1 New 39 T/P IV
Sg. Juru Sg. Juru 2 53 T/P III 58 T/P III
Sg. Pasir 1 62 ST/SP III 59 T/P III
Sg. Rambai 1 49 T/P IV 54 T/P III
P.Pinang/
Sg. Perai Sg. Perai 2 57 T/P III 59 T/P III
Kedah
Sg. Seluang
2 New 59 T/P III
Bawah
Sg. Kereh 2 50 T/P IV 56 T/P III
Sg. Pertama 1 49 T/P IV 54 T/P III
Kedah Sg. Merbok Sg. Bakar Arang 1 New 55 T/P III
Sg. Petani 1 60 ST/SP III 56 T/P III
Kedah
Sg. Ulu Melaka Sg. Chenang 1 New 54 T/P III
(Langkawi)
Selangor/WPKL Sg. Klang Sg. Air Busuk 1 56 T/P III 58 T/P III
Sg. Belongkong 1 55 T/P III 57 T/P III
Sg. Ampang 2 62 ST/SP III 58 T/P III
Sg. Untut 1 60 ST/SP III 55 T/P III
Sg. Kuyoh 1 48 T/P III 50 T/P IV
Sg. Kerayong 2 52 T/P III 54 T/P III
Selangor Sg. Buloh Sg. Buloh 4 58 T/P III 53 T/P III
Sg. Sepang Sg. Rambai 1 New 31 T/P IV
Melaka Sg. Merlimau Sg. Merlimau 2 53 T/P III 52 T/P III
Sg. Duyong Sg. Punggur 1 New 48 T/P IV
Melaka/
Sg. Melaka Sg. Malim 1 New 54 T/P III
N.Sembilan
Johor Sg. Air Baloi Sg. Air Baloi 3 61 ST/SP III 53 T/P III
Sg. Simpang
Sg. Batu Pahat 2 56 T/P III 59 T/P III
Kanan
Sg. Temehel 1 New 44 T/P IV
Sg. Batu Pahat 1 61 ST/SP III 59 T/P III
Sg. Johor Sg. Temoh 1 62 ST/SP III 58 T/P III
Sg. Danga Sg. Danga 2 44 T/P IV 47 T/P IV
Kawasan Pasir
Sg. Perembi 1 49 T/P IV 42 T/P IV
Gudang
Sg. Masai 1 48 T/P IV 56 T/P III
Sg. Buluh 1 34 T/P IV 26 T/P V
Sg. Tukang Batu 1 30 T/P V 22 T/P V
Sg. Kempas Sg. Kempas 2 47 T/P IV 46 T/P IV
Sg. Kim-Kim Sg. Kim-Kim 2 57 T/P III 58 T/P III
Sg. Sedili Besar Sg. Mupur 1 New 48 T/P IV
Sg. Pontian
Sg. Ayer Merah 1 43 T/P IV 51 T/P IV
Besar
Sg. Segget Sg. Segget 5 46 T/P IV 59 T/P III
Sg. Tebrau Sg. Bala 1 48 T/P IV 45 T/P IV
Sg. Sebulung 1 49 T/P IV 44 T/P IV
Sg. Plentong 1 46 T/P IV 54 T/P III
Sg. Tebrau 4 41 T/P IV 51 T/P IV
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Jadual 2.3 : Status Kualiti Air bagi Sungai Tercemar, 2018
Table 2.3 : Water Quality Status of Polluted Rivers, 2018
BILANGAN 2017 2018
LEMBANGAN
STESEN/
NUMBER OF
STATIONS
Johor Sg. Tebrau Sg. Pandan 1 42 T/P IV 42 T/P IV
Sg. Tampoi 1 41 T/P IV 45 T/P IV
Sg. Sengkuang 1 40 T/P IV 30 T/P V
Johor/ Sg. Muar Sg. Merlimau 1 New 55 T/P III
N. Sembilan Sg. Serom 1 New 54 T/P III
Sarawak Sg. Miri Sg. Adong 1 74 ST/SP III 59 T/P III
Sg. Pengkalan
Kelantan Sg. Alor B 1 52 T/P III 57 T/P III
Chepa
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean

54
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02
Jadual 2.4 menunjukkan sebanyak 30 Table 2.4 shows that out of the 50
daripada 50 sungai tercemar masih polluted rivers, 30 rivers were classified
tergolong dalam Kelas III, 16 sungai as Class III, while 16 rivers as Class IV,
adalah dalam Kelas IV, manakala 4 and 4 river as Class V. In terms of BOD,
sungai adalah Kelas V. Berdasarkan one river was classified as Class II, 3
BOD, satu sungai diklasifikasikan rivers as Class III, 20 rivers were classified
sebagai Kelas II, 3 sungai dalam Kelas as Class IV and 26 rivers as Class V. In
III, 20 sungai sebagai Kelas IV manakala terms of NH3-N, one river was classified
26 adalah Kelas V. Dari segi NH3-N pula, as Class II, two rivers as Class III, 16 rivers
satu sungai tergolong dalam Kelas II, as Class IV and 31 rivers as Class V. In
dua sungai dalam Kelas III, 16 sungai terms of SS, 5 rivers were classified as
Kelas IV, dan 31 sungai adalah Kelas Class I, 21 rivers as Class II, 24 rivers as
V. Dari segi SS, sebanyak lima sungai Class III while 3 rivers as Class IV.
telah diklasifikasikan sebagai Kelas II,
21 sungai Kelas III, dan 24 adalah Kelas
III manakala tiga adalah Kelas IV.
Jadual 2.4 : Sungai Tercemar dan Kelas Kualiti Air Berdasarkan BOD, AN dan SS, 2018
Table 2.4 : The Polluted Rivers and Classes Based on BOD, AN and SS, 2018
KELAS BERDASARKAN:/
LEMBANGAN STATUS 2018
BIL./ SUNGAI/ CLASS BASED ON:
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/
NO. RIVER IKA/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN BOD AN SS
WQI CLASS
1. Johor Air Baloi Sg. Air Baloi 53 III V II IV
Sg. Batu
Batu Pahat 59 III III IV II
Pahat
Sg. Simpang
59 III III IV I
Kanan
Sg. Temehel 44 IV IV V II
Danga Sg. Danga 47 IV V V III
Johor Sg. Temoh 58 III IV III III
Kaw. Pasir Gudang Sg. Buluh 26 V V V III
Sg. Masai 56 III IV V II
Sg. Perembi 42 IV V V III
Sg. Tukang
22 V V V III
Batu
Kempas Sg. Kempas 46 IV V V II
Kim-Kim Sg. Kim-Kim 58 III IV IV III
Sg. Ayer
Pontian Besar 51 IV IV IV II
Merah
Sedili Besar Sg. Mupur 48 IV V IV III
Segget Sg. Segget 59 III IV V II
Tebrau Sg. Bala 45 IV V V III
Sg. Pandan 42 IV V V II
Sg. Plentong 54 III IV V III
Sg. Sebulung 44 IV V V I
Sg.
30 V V V II
Sengkuang
Sg. Tampoi 45 IV V V II
Sg. Tebrau 51 IV IV V III
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

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Jadual 2.4 : Sungai Tercemar dan Kelas Kualiti Air Berdasarkan BOD, AN dan SS, 2018
Table 2.4 : The Polluted Rivers and Classes Based on BOD, AN and SS, 2018
KELAS BERDASARKAN:/
LEMBANGAN STATUS 2018
BIL./ SUNGAI/ CLASS BASED ON:
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/
NO. RIVER IKA/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN BOD AN SS
WQI CLASS
2. Johor/ Muar Sg. Merlimau 55 III IV IV IV
N.Sembilan/
Sg. Serom 54 III III IV I
Pahang
Sg. Bakar
3. Kedah Merbok 55 III V V III
Arang
Sg. Petani 56 III V IV II
Kedah
4. Ulu Melaka Sg. Chenang 54 III IV IV III
(Langkawi)
5. Kelantan Pengkalan Chepa Sg. Alor B 57 III IV V II
6. Melaka Duyong Sg. Punggur 48 IV IV IV II
Merlimau Sg. Merlimau 52 III IV IV II
Melaka/
7. Negeri Melaka Sg. Malim 54 III V IV III
Sembilan
Sg.
8. Pulau Pinang Jawi 39 IV V V III
Chempedak
Sg. Jawi 47 IV V V III
Sg. Tengah 49 IV V V III
Juru Sg. Juru 58 III IV V II
Sg. Pasir 59 III V IV I
Sg. Rambai 54 III IV V II
9. Pulau Pinang/ Perai Sg. Kereh 56 III IV V III
Kedah Sg. Perai 59 III IV IV III
Sg. Pertama 54 III IV IV III
Sg. Seluang
59 III IV V II
Bawah
10. Sarawak Miri Sg. Adong 59 III II III I
11. Selangor Buloh Sg. Buloh 53 III V IV II
Sepang Sg. Rambai 31 V V V III
12. Selangor/ Klang Sg. Air Busuk 58 III V V II
WPKL Sg. Ampang 58 III V V III
Sg.
57 III V V II
Belongkong
Sg. Kerayong 54 III V V II
Sg. Kuyoh 50 IV IV V IV
Sg. Untut 55 III V V II

56
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02
STATUS PENGAWASAN CONTINUOUS RIVER
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI WATER QUALITY
AUTOMATIK MONITORING STATUS
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan lokasi 30 Figure 2.2 shows the location of the 30
stesen pengawasan sungai automatik automatic continuous river monitoring
serta takat pengambilan air yang stations and corresponding water
disenaraikan seperti dalam Jadual 2.5. intakes as listed in Table 2.5.
Oksigen terlarut adalah salah satu Dissolved oxygen is one of the

penunjuk kepada kehadiran BOD indicators of BOD presence exerted
yang disebabkan oleh bahan by organic pollutants. Low range of
pencemar organik. Julat DO yang DO were observed at CR03K, CR06A
rendah didapati bagi stesen CR03K, and CR28S, while relatively narrow
CR06A dan CR28S, manakala julat BOD ranges were observed at CR06A,
BOD juga adalah setara bagi stesen CR08B, CR11B, CR22C, CR25T, CR27S
CR06A, CR08B, CR11B, CR22C, CR25T, and CR29Q.
CR27S dan CR29Q.
Ammonium adalah satu bentuk Ammonium is an ionized form of

ammonia yang telah terion. ammonia. The measurement of
Pengukuran ammonium memberi ammonium indicates the potential
petunjuk kepada potensi kehadiran presence of ammonia or ammoniacal
pencemar ammonia atau ammonia nitrogen pollutants in rivers which is
nitrogen dalam air sungai apabila also improved pH and temperature
pH dan suhu air berubah. Julat bagi changes. Ammoniacal-N range was
ammoniacal-N pada umumnya generally low except for reading
adalah rendah kecuali bacaan yang observed at CR08B, CR09B, CR11B and
didapati di stesen CR08B, CR09B, CR12W stations.
CR11B dan CR12W.
pH adalah ukuran bagi keasidan dan pH is a measurement of acidity and

kealkalian mengikut skala pH. Julat alkalinity based on pH scale. Relatively
bagi pH yang tinggi diperhatikan di high pH ranges were observed at
CR05A, CR11B, CR12W, CR17M, CR18J CR05A, CR11B, CR12W, CR17M, CR18J
dan CR21J. and CR21J.
Kekeruhan digunakan sebagai Turbidity is used as an indicator of

penunjuk kehadiran pepejal terampai suspended solids presence in a river. The
di dalam sungai. Bagi Julat TSS yang range of TSS recorded were generally
direkodkan secara amnya adalah high except for CR01K, CR02K, CR03K,
tinggi kecuali stesen CR01K, CR02K, CR05A, CR19J, CR22C, CR23C, CR24T,
CR03K, CR05A, CR19J, CR22C, CR23C, CR25T and CR28S stations
CR24T, CR25T dan CR28S.
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

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57
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Jadual 2.5 : CRWQMS Lokasi: ID Stesen, Longitud dan Latitud bagi Stesen dan Takat
Pengambilan Air
Table 2.5 : CRWQMS Location: Station ID, Longitude and Latitude of the Station and Water
Intake
ID STESEN/ TAKAT PENGAMBILAN AIR/
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/RIVER
ID STATION (CR) WATER INTAKE
Perlis 01K Terusan MADA Arau Fasa IV
Kedah 02K Terusan MADA Bukit Jenun
03K Sungai Muda Kulim Hi-Tech
Penang 04P Sungai Kulim Toh Along
Perak 05A Sungai Bogak Parit Buntar
06A Sungai Perak Sultan Idris
Selangor 07B Sungai Selangor Sg. Selangor Fasa 1,2,3
08B Sungai Langat Bukit Tampoi
09B Sungai Semenyih Jenderam
10B Sungai Labu Labu Lanjut
11B Sungai Langat Cheras Batu 11
Wilayah Kuala Lumpur 12W Sungai Klang NA
Negeri Sembilan 13N Sungai Linggi Linggi
14N Sungai Muar Pasir Besar
15N Sungai Muar Jelai Jempol
Melaka 16M Sungai Melaka Durian Tunggal
17M Sungai Kesang Chin Chin
Johor 18J Sungai Segamat Segamat
19J Sungai Muar Panchor
20J Sungai Johor Semanggar
21J Sungai Sekudai Skudai
Pahang 22C Sungai Pahang Lubuk Kawah
23C Sungai Kuantan Semambu
Terengganu 24T Sungai Paka Bulit Bauk
25T Sungai Besut Nukit Bunga
Kelantan 26D Sungai Kelantan Sokor
Sabah 27S Sungai Tuaran Telibong
28S* Sungai Padas Beufort
31S* Sungai Moyog Kasigui
Sarawak 29Q Sungai Sarawak Sarawak Kiri
30Q Sungai Batang Sadong Tebekang
*CR28S telah dipindahkan ke CR31S

*CR28S was relocated to CR31S

58
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02
Rajah 2.2: Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik dan Takat Pengambilan Air
Figure 2.2 : Continuous Water Quality Stations and Water Intakes
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
59
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02
CR29Q SABAH
CR30Q
CR27S
SARAWAK
CR31S*
Rajah 2.2: Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Sungai Automatik dan Takat Pengambilan Air
Figure 2.2 : Continuous Water Quality Stations and Water Intakes

60
CHAPTER
02
TREN PENCEMARAN AIR TREND IN RIVER WATER
SUNGAI POLLUTION
Kualiti air sungai yang ditentukan The river water quality in terms of
dari segi IKA telah menunjukkan WQI had shown an improvement in
peningkatan pada tahun 2018. Peratus 2018. The percentage of clean rivers
bilangan sungai yang dikategorikan has slightly increased to 56% in 2018
sebagai bersih telah sedikit compared to 46% in the previous year.
The percentage of polluted river has
meningkat kepada 56% pada tahun
slightly decreased from 11% in 2017 to
2018 berbanding 46% pada tahun
8% in 2018. (Figure 2.1).
sebelumnya. Peratus bilangan sungai
yang dikategorikan sebagai tercemar
telah sedikit menurun daripada 11%
pada tahun 2017 kepada 8% pada
tahun 2018.(Rajah 2.1)
Berdasarkan sub-indeks BOD, 110 In terms of BOD sub-index, 110 of the

sungai yang dikategorikan sebagai monitored rivers has been categorized
bersih pada tahun 2018 (Rajah 2.3). as clean in 2018 (Figure 2.3). The
Bilangan sungai yang tercemar dari number of polluted rivers in terms
segi sub-indeks BOD telah menurun of BOD sub-index has decreased
from 336 in 2017 to 257 rivers in 2018.
daripada 336 pada tahun 2017
Degradation of river water quality in
kepada 257 sungai pada tahun 2018.
terms of BOD is attributed to various
Kemerosotan kualiti air sungai dari
sources of organic pollutants including
segi BOD ini adalah disebabkan oleh wastewater from industrial, domestic
pelepasan bahan buangan yang and commercials activities.
bersifat organik daripada pelbagai
punca seperti air sisa industri, serta
aktiviti komersil dan domestik.
Dari segi sub-indeks NH3-N pula, In term of NH3-N sub-index, the number
bilangan sungai bersih telah of clean rivers has increased from 87 in
meningkat daripada 87 pada tahun 2017 to 109 rivers in 2018 (Figure 2.4).
2017 kepada 109 pada tahun 2018 The number of polluted rivers in terms
(Rajah 2.4). Bilangan sungai yang of NH3-N sub-index has increased
from 158 in 2017 to 238 rivers in 2018.
tercemar dari segi sub-indeks NH3-N
The degradation of river water quality
telah meningkat daripada 158 pada
caused by NH3-N can be associated
tahun 2017 kepada 238 sungai pada with the discharge of treated and
tahun 2018. Kemerosotan kualiti air untreated sewage into the rivers.
sungai yang disebabkan oleh NH3-N
boleh dikaitkan dengan pelepasan air
sisa kumbahan manusia dan haiwan
yang tidak diolah dan diolah ke dalam
air sungai secara berterusan.
Dari segi sub-indeks SS pula, bilangan In term of SS sub-index, the number

sungai yang dikategorikan bersih of clean rivers has increased from
telah meningkat daripada 245 pada 245 in 2017 to 320 in 2018 (Figure 2.5).
The number of polluted rivers in terms
tahun 2017 kepada 320 pada tahun
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
61
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02
2018 (Rajah 2.5). Bilangan sungai yang of SS sub-index has increased to 209
dikategorikan sebagai tercemar dari compared to 127 rivers in the previous
segi sub-indeks SS pula telah meningkat year. The deteriorations in river water
kepada 209 berbanding 127 sungai quality due to the suspended solids
pada tahun lepas. Kemerosotan can be attributed by inefficient control
kualiti air sungai dari segi pepejal against improper earthworks and land
clearing activities in certain areas.
terampai tersebut boleh disebabkan
oleh ketidakcekapan kawalan ke atas
aktiviti kerja tanah dan pembukaan
tanah di kawasan-kawasan tertentu.
Bersih/Clean
Tercemar/Polluted
100%
638
90%
579 577 84.7%

570
80%
76.7%
73.2%
477 477 477 477 477 477 70.4%
70%
464
58.9%
60%
57.3% 56.6%
55.3%
50%
44.7% 42.5%
41.2% 40.7% 40.3%
40%
37.0% 35.8%
32.4% 33.2%
29.6%
30%
26.9% 26.3% 26.8%
22.9%
17.8% 18.2%
20%
17.2%
15.3%
9.5% 7.5%
10%
0.4% 0.4%
0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 2.3 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD (2008-2018)
Figure 2.3 : River Water Quality Trend Based on BOD Sub-Index (2008-2018)

62
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02
Bersih/Clean
Tercemar/Polluted
100%
638
90%
579 577 570

80%
477 477 477 477 477 477

70%
464
60%
49% 49%
50%
45% 46%
42%
39% 38% 38% 38%
40%
37%
36% 36% 36% 36%
32% 34% 33%
29% 32% 32% 31%
28% 31% 31%
29% 29% 29%
30%
24% 27%
26%
24%
18%
20%
17%
10%
0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 2.4 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN (2008-2018)

Figure 2.4 : River Water Quality Trend Based on AN Sub-Index (2008-2018)
Bersih/Clean
Tercemar/Polluted
100%
638
90%
579 577 570

78% 79%
80%
74%
72%
477 477 477 477 477 477
70%
464
63% 62%
59%
60%
50% 51% 50%

50%
46%
40%
18% 35%
17%
32% 17% 33%
30%
14% 27% 22% 27%
15% 22% 17% 21%

20%
15%
13%
12% 13% 10%
12%
10% 10%
10%
0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 2.5 : Tren Kualiti Air Sungai Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks SS (2008-2018)

Figure 2.5 : River Water Quality Trend Based on SS Sub-Index (2008-2018)
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
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02
LOGAM BERAT DALAM HEAVY METALS IN RIVERS
SUNGAI
Analisis kandungan beberapa jenis Heavy metals analysed in river where
logam berat dalam air sungai telah were Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As),
dilakukan ke atas Raksa (Hg), Arsenik Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr),
(As), Kadmium (Cd), Kromium (Cr), Plumbum (Pb), and Zinc (Zn). In 2018,
Plumbum (Pb), and Zink (Zn). Pada all of the water samples had shown
tahun 2018 kesemua sampel air sungai that the concentration of As was
telah menunjukkan kandungan logam within Class II limit. About 99.9% of
As pada tahap Kelas II. Sebanyak water samples had shown that the
99.9% daripada sampel air sungai yang concentrations of Zn were within Class
diuji telah menunjukkan kandungan II limit followed by Pb (99.97%), Cr, Cd
Zn dalam Kelas II, dikuti dengan Pb and Hg at 99.9% respectively.
(99.7%), Cr, Cd dan Hg masing-masing
99.9%.
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI DI RIVER WATER QUALITY

HULU MUKA SAUK UPSTREAM WATER
INTAKES
Pada tahun 2018, 47 (85%) daripada In 2018, 47 (85%) from 55 monitoring
55 stesen pengawasan kualiti air di stations located upstream of water
hulu muka sauk telah menunjukkan intakes had shown clean water
indeks kualiti air bersih sementara 8 quality while 8 (15%) stations were
(15%) stesen dikategorikan sebagai categorized as slightly polluted. Based
sederhana tercemar. Berdasarkan on overall WQI, two (4%) stations were
IKA juga, dua (4%) stesen telah categorized as Class I, 49 (89%) were
dikategorikan sebagai kelas I dan Class II, while four (7%) was Class III.
49 (89%) adalah Kelas II, manakala Table 2.6 shows the water quality of the
empat (7%) adalah Kelas III. Jadual 2.6 selected water intake stations based
menunjukkan status kualiti air di stesen on WQI.
hulu muka sauk terpilih berdasarkan
IKA.

64
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02
Jadual 2.6 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2018
Table 2.6 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes, 2018
KUALITI AIR, 2017/ KUALITI AIR, 2018/
LEMBANGAN STESEN WATER QUALITY 2017 WATER QUALITY 2018
SUNGAI/ MUKA SAUK/
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/ ID/ID
RIVER WATER INTAKE IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN STATIONS
WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
Sg. Terusan Loji Rawatan Air

Perlis Perlis 2PS13 83 B/C III 83 B/C II
Mada Arau Fasa IV
Loji Rawatan Air
2PS14 83 B/C III 86 B/C II
TTPC, Sg. Baru
Kedah
Melaka Sg. Melaka 2LG05 Ulu Melaka 85 B/C II 83 B/C II
(Langkawi)
Sg. Saga 2LG06 Padang Saga 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Kedah Kedah Sg. Ahning 2KD11 Padang Sanai 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Sg. Padang
2KD12 Kuala Nerang 89 B/C II 88 B/C II
Terap
Sg. Temin 2KD10 Changloon 88 B/C II 78 ST/SP II
Muda Sg. Muda 2MD16 Jeneri 85 B/C II 86 B/C II
2MD17 Jeniang 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
2MD18 Bukit Selambau 82 B/C II 85 B/C II
2MD20 Pinang Tunggal 80 ST/SP II 84 B/C II
Sg. Nami 2MD21 Nami 83 B/C II 87 B/C II
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 Bikan 83 B/C II 86 B/C II
P.Pinang Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 Batu Feringgi 88 B/C II 91 B/C II
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Bernam Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 88 B/C II 88 B/C II
Ulu Slim
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 90 B/C II 88 B/C II
Trolak Timur
Loji Rawatan Air
Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 83 B/C II 92 B/C II
Jelai
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Sg. Manong 2PK62 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Manong
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Sauk 2PK61 92 B/C II 89 B/C II
Sauk
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 91 B/C II 94 B/C I
Sg. Klah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Woh 2PK63 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Kuala Woh
Sg. Batu Loji Rawatan Air
Sepetang 2SP18 95 B/C II 94 B/C I
Tegoh Bukit Larut
Loji Rawatan Air
Selangor Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 94 B/C I 91 B/C II
Gombak
Sg. Batang Loji Rawatan Air
Langat 1L26 64 ST/SP III 73 ST/SP III
Labu Salak Tinggi
Sg. Loji Rawatan Air
1L09 67 ST/SP III 77 ST/SP III
Semenyih Semenyih
Sg.
Johor Batu Pahat Semberong 3BP27 Semberong Dam 83 B/C II 85 B/C II
Dam
Sg. Machap
Benut 3BN10 Machap Dam 82 B/C II 84 B/C II
Dam
Jalan Felda
Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 Kahang Timur, 86 B/C II 87 B/C II
Kluang
Loji Rawatan Air
Muar Sg. Jelai 1MN23 85 B/C II 84 B/C II
Dangi
3MR39 93 B/C I 88 B/C II
Jementah Jementah
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
65
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02
Jadual 2.6 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2018
Table 2.6 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes, 2018
LEMBANGAN STESEN WATER QUALITY 2017 WATER QUALITY 2018
SUNGAI/ MUKA SAUK/
NEGERI/STATE SUNGAI/ ID/ID
RIVER WATER INTAKE IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ IKA/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
WQI CATEGORY CLASS WQI CATEGORY CLASS
Loji Rawatan Air

Johor Muar Sg. Muar 3MR38 78 ST/SP II 78 ST/SP II
Gombang
Sg. Pulai
Pulai 3PU04 Pulai Dam 91 B/C II 91 B/C II
Dam
Muka sauk Loji
Sg. Chin-
Melaka Kesang 1KA08 Rawatan Air Chin- 69 ST/SP IV 83 B/C III
Chin
chin
Loji Rawatan Air
Pahang Bertam Sg. Bertam 2CH15 96 B/C I 92 B/C II
Habu
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Terla 2CH14 90 B/C II 92 B/C II
Kuala Terla
Sg. Ulong 2CH16 Brinchang Dam 93 B/C I 92 B/C II
Muka sauk Loji
Pahang Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 Rawatan Air 93 B/C I 89 B/C II
Gapoi
Sg. Jempol 4PH96 Loji Air Sg Jerik 74 ST/SP III 86 B/C II
4PH97 Loji Air Jengka 3 84 B/C II 83 B/C III
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 Loji Air Chini 88 B/C II 86 B/C II
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Triang 4PH93 88 B/C II 82 B/C III
Sg. Triang
Sg.
Terengganu Terengganu 4TE14 Loji Air Serada 84 B/C II 87 B/C II
Terengganu
Syarikat Air
Kelantan Golok Sg. Jeduk 4GL10 86 B/C II 88 B/C II
Kelantan
Kelantan Sg. Chiku 4KE66 Felda Ciku 2 87 B/C II 86 B/C II
Loji Air Kelar, Pasir
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 77 ST/SP II 79 ST/SP II
Mas
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 Loji Air Pahi 84 B/C II 83 B/C III
Water Intake
Sabah Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 Jabatan Air 84 B/C II 88 B/C II
Beaufort
Sekolah
Papar Sg. Papar 75PP04 Kebangsaan 92 B/C II 92 B/C II
Mandalipau
Water Intake
75PP05 89 B/C II 92 B/C II
Kogopon
Selalang Water
Sarawak Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 85 B/C II 91 B/C II
Intake
Mukah Water
Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 80 ST/SP II 85 B/C II
Intake
Rajang Sg. Daro 56DR01 Daro Water Intake 70 ST/SP III 64 ST/SP III
Sg. Jemoreng Water
56JG01 84 B/C II 63 ST/SP III
Jemoreng Intake
Pakan Water
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 82 B/C II 89 B/C II
Intake
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 Igan Water Intake 74 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean

66
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02
Dari segi BOD, 26 (47%) stesen In terms of BOD, 26 (47%) station have
telah menunjukkan kualiti air pada shown Class II water quality and 29
Kelas II and 29 (53%) stesen Kelas III. (53%) stations as Class III. In terms of
Berdasarkan NH3-N pula, sebanyak NH3-N, 29 (53%) stations showed Class
29 (53%) stesen menunjukkan kualiti I, 20 (36%) as Class II, five (9%) as Class
air Kelas I, 20 (36%) Kelas II, lima (9%) III, and one (2%) station as Class IV.
stesen Kelas III, dan satu stesen (2%) Meanwhile in terms of SS, 23 (42%)
adalah Kelas IV. Dari segi SS, 23 (42%) stations were categorized as Class I,
stesen telah dikategorikan sebagai 12 (22%) as Class II, 15 (27%) as Class
Kelas I, 12 (22%) stesen Kelas II, 15 (27%) III, four (7%) as Class IV, and one (2%)
stesen Kelas III, empat (7%) stesen Kelas station as Class V.
IV manakala satu (2%) stesen Kelas V.
Rajah 2.6 menunjukkan peratusan Figure 2.6 shows the percentage of

stesen hulu muka sauk berdasarkan water quality upstream of water intake
kelas kualiti air dan parameter utama. stations in term of classes based on
Jadual 2.7, Jadual 2.8 dan Jadual 2.9 main parameters. Table 2.7, Table 2.8
menunjukkan kualiti air sungai di stesen and Table 2.9 shows the water quality
di hulu muka sauk masing-masing at upstream stations of water intake
berdasarkan sub-indeks BOD, AN dan points based on BOD, AN and SS sub-
SS. indexes respectively.
Jadual 2.7 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks BOD, 2018
Table 2.7 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on BOD Sub-Index, 2018
WATER QUALITY 2017 WATER QUALITY 2018
LEMBANGAN STESEN SUB- SUB-

NEGERI/ SUNGAI/ MUKA SAUK/ INDEKS INDEKS
SUNGAI/ ID/ID
STATE RIVER WATER INTAKE BOD/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/ BOD/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
BOD CATEGORY CLASS BOD CATEGORY CLASS
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Perlis Perlis 2PS13 78 T/P III 83 ST/SP III
Mada Arau Fasa IV
Loji Rawatan Air
2PS14 79 T/P III 82 ST/SP III
TTPC, Sg. Baru
Kedah Melaka Sg. Melaka 2LG05 Ulu Melaka 86 ST/SP III 77 T/P III
(Langkawi) Sg. Saga 2LG06 Padang Saga 79 T/P III 78 T/P III
Kedah Kedah Sg. Ahning 2KD11 Padang Sanai 79 T/P III 82 ST/SP III
Sg. Padang
2KD12 Kuala Nerang 80 ST/SP III 81 ST/SP III
Terap
Sg. Temin 2KD10 Changloon 88 ST/SP II 80 ST/SP III
Muda Sg. Muda 2MD16 Jeneri 74 T/P IV 84 ST/SP III
2MD17 Jeniang 73 T/P IV 82 ST/SP III
2MD18 Bukit Selambau 78 T/P III 83 ST/SP III
2MD20 Pinang Tunggal 77 T/P III 80 ST/SP III
Sg. Nami 2MD21 Nami 83 ST/SP III 80 ST/SP III
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 Bikan 82 ST/SP III 84 ST/SP III
P.Pinang Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 Batu Feringgi 77 T/P III 86 ST/SP III
Perak Bernam 1BM15 77 T/P III 83 ST/SP III
Gelinting Ulu Slim
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 76 T/P IV 84 ST/SP III
Trolak Timur
Sg. Air Loji Rawatan Air
Kurau 2KU07 84 ST/SP III 87 ST/SP III
Hitam Jelai
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
67
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02

SUNGAI/ ID/ID
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Perak Perak 2PK62 82 ST/SP III 83 ST/SP III
Manong Manong
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Sauk 2PK61 77 T/P III 82 ST/SP III
Sauk
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 78 T/P III 87 ST/SP III
Sg. Klah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Woh 2PK63 80 ST/SP III 83 ST/SP III
Kuala Woh
Sepetang 2SP18 76 T/P IV 87 ST/SP III
Tegoh Bukit Larut
Selangor Klang 1K53 86 ST/SP III 86 ST/SP III
Gombak Gombak
Langat 1L26 59 T/P IV 80 ST/SP III
Labu Salak Tinggi
1L09 70 T/P IV 80 ST/SP III
Semenyih Semenyih
Muka sauk Loji
Sg. Chin-
Melaka Kesang 1KA08 Rawatan Air 78 T/P III 81 ST/SP III
Chin
Chin-chin
Sg.
Johor Batu Pahat Semberong 3BP27 Semberong Dam 67 T/P IV 82 ST/SP III
Dam
Sg.
Benut Machap 3BN10 Machap Dam 75 T/P IV 88 ST/SP II
Dam
Jalan Felda
Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 Kahang Timur, 80 ST/SP III 86 ST/SP III
Kluang
Loji Rawatan Air
Muar Sg. Jelai 1MN23 79 T/P III 83 ST/SP III
Dangi
3MR39 81 ST/SP III 78 T/P III
Jementah Jementah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Muar 3MR38 74 T/P IV 78 T/P III
Gombang
Sg. Pulai
Pulai 3PU04 Pulai Dam 84 ST/SP III 83 ST/SP III
Dam
Loji Rawatan Air
Pahang Bertam Sg. Bertam 2CH15 89 ST/SP II 88 ST/SP II
Habu
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Terla 2CH14 74 T/P IV 86 ST/SP III
Kuala Terla
Sg. Ulong 2CH16 Brinchang Dam 79 T/P III 86 ST/SP III
Muka sauk Loji
Pahang Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 Rawatan Air 88 ST/SP II 82 ST/SP III
Gapoi
Sg. Jempol 4PH96 Loji Air Sg Jerik 41 T/P V 81 ST/SP III
4PH97 Loji Air Jengka 3 83 ST/SP III 82 ST/SP III
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 Loji Air Chini 83 ST/SP III 81 ST/SP III
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Triang 4PH93 88 ST/SP II 82 ST/SP III
Sg. Triang
Sg.
Terengganu Terengganu 4TE14 Loji Air Serada 82 ST/SP III 82 ST/SP III
Terengganu

68
CHAPTER
02

SUNGAI/ ID/ID
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Syarikat Air
Kelantan Golok Sg. Jeduk 4GL10 83 ST/SP III 81 ST/SP III
Kelantan
Kelantan Sg. Chiku 4KE66 Felda Ciku 2 81 ST/SP III 79 T/P III
Sg. Loji Air Kelar,
4KE68 79 T/P III 79 T/P III
Kelantan Pasir Mas
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 Loji Air Pahi 77 T/P III 79 T/P III
Water Intake
Sabah Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 Jabatan Air 94 B/C II 96 B/C II
Beaufort
Sekolah
Papar Sg. Papar 75PP04 Kebangsaan 88 ST/SP II 95 B/C II
Mandalipau
Water Intake
75PP05 93 B/C II 95 B/C II
Kogopon
Sg. Selalang Water
Sarawak Kerian 55SG01 92 B/C II 95 B/C II
Selalang Intake
Mukah Water
Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 91 B/C II 96 B/C II
Intake
Daro Water
Rajang Sg. Daro 56DR01 89 ST/SP II 95 B/C II
Intake
Sg. Jemoreng Water
56JG01 86 ST/SP III 95 B/C II
Jemoreng Intake
Pakan Water
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 87 ST/SP III 95 B/C II
Intake
Igan Water
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 89 ST/SP II 95 B/C II
Intake
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
69
BAB
02
Jadual 2.8 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN, 2018
Table 2.8 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on AN Sub-Index, 2018
NEGERI/ SUNGAI/ MUKA SAUK/
SUNGAI/ ID/ID INDEKS INDEKS
STATE RIVER WATER INTAKE KATEGORI/ KELAS/ KATEGORI/ KELAS/
RIVER BASIN STATIONS AN/AN AN/AN
CATEGORY CLASS CATEGORY CLASS
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Perlis Perlis 2PS13 88 ST/SP II 92 B/C I
Mada Arau Fasa IV
Loji Rawatan Air
2PS14 81 ST/SP II 90 ST/SP II
TTPC, Sg. Baru
Kedah Melaka Sg. Melaka 2LG05 Ulu Melaka 90 ST/SP II 92 B/C I
(Langkawi) Sg. Saga 2LG06 Padang Saga 96 B/C I 79 ST/SP II
Kedah Kedah Sg. Ahning 2KD11 Padang Sanai 87 ST/SP II 96 B/C I
Sg. Padang
2KD12 Kuala Nerang 90 ST/SP II 84 ST/SP II
Terap
Sg. Temin 2KD10 Changloon 70 T/P II 70 T/P II
Muda Sg. Muda 2MD16 Jeneri 94 B/C I 89 ST/SP II
2MD17 Jeniang 92 B/C I 95 B/C I
2MD18 Bukit Selambau 90 ST/SP II 92 B/C I
2MD20 Pinang Tunggal 91 ST/SP I 83 ST/SP II
Sg. Nami 2MD21 Nami 98 B/C I 96 B/C I
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 Bikan 89 ST/SP II 92 B/C I
P.Pinang Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 Batu Feringgi 86 ST/SP II 96 B/C I
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Bernam Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 96 B/C I 97 B/C I
Ulu Slim
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 96 B/C I 92 B/C I
Trolak Timur
Loji Rawatan Air
Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 75 ST/SP II 93 B/C I
Jelai
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Sg. Manong 2PK62 98 B/C I 98 B/C I
Manong
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Sauk 2PK61 91 ST/SP I 79 ST/SP II
Sauk
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 98 B/C I 98 B/C I
Sg. Klah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Woh 2PK63 98 B/C I 97 B/C I
Kuala Woh
Sepetang 2SP18 99 B/C I 97 B/C I
Tegoh Bukit Larut
Loji Rawatan Air
Selangor Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 99 B/C I 97 B/C I
Gombak
Langat 1L26 45 T/P IV 41 T/P IV
Labu Salak Tinggi
1L09 56 T/P III 66 T/P III
Semenyih Semenyih
Muka sauk Loji
Sg. Chin-
Melaka Kesang 1KA08 Rawatan Air Chin- 63 T/P III 87 ST/SP II
Chin
chin
Sg.
Johor Batu Pahat Semberong 3BP27 Semberong Dam 91 ST/SP I 92 B/C I
Dam
Sg. Machap
Benut 3BN10 Machap Dam 73 ST/SP II 61 T/P III
Dam
Jalan Felda
Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 Kahang Timur, 84 ST/SP II 74 ST/SP II
Kluang

70
CHAPTER
02
Jadual 2.8 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks AN, 2018
Table 2.8 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on AN Sub-Index, 2018
RIVER BASIN STATIONS AN/AN AN/AN
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Loji Rawatan Air
Johor Muar Sg. Jelai 1MN23 91 ST/SP I 92 B/C I
Dangi
3MR39 97 B/C I 97 B/C I
Jementah Jementah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Muar 3MR38 82 ST/SP II 90 ST/SP II
Gombang
Pulai Sg. Pulai Dam 3PU04 Pulai Dam 90 ST/SP II 93 B/C I
Loji Rawatan Air
Pahang Bertam Sg. Bertam 2CH15 100 B/C I 94 B/C I
Habu
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Terla 2CH14 97 B/C I 98 B/C I
Kuala Terla
Sg. Ulong 2CH16 Brinchang Dam 100 B/C I 93 B/C I
Muka sauk Loji
Pahang Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 Rawatan Air 98 B/C I 86 ST/SP II
Gapoi
Sg. Jempol 4PH96 Loji Air Sg Jerik 97 B/C I 92 B/C I
4PH97 Loji Air Jengka 3 96 B/C I 84 ST/SP II
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 Loji Air Chini 92 B/C I 92 B/C I
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Triang 4PH93 99 B/C I 88 ST/SP II
Sg. Triang
Sg.
Terengganu Terengganu 4TE14 Loji Air Serada 82 ST/SP II 87 ST/SP II
Terengganu
Syarikat Air
Kelantan Golok Sg. Jeduk 4GL10 71 ST/SP II 87 ST/SP II
Kelantan
Kelantan Sg. Chiku 4KE66 Felda Ciku 2 90 ST/SP II 92 B/C I
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 84 ST/SP II 93 B/C I
Mas
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 Loji Air Pahi 91 ST/SP I 94 B/C I
Water Intake
Sabah Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 Jabatan Air 89 ST/SP II 90 ST/SP II
Beaufort
Sekolah
Papar Sg. Papar 75PP04 Kebangsaan 91 ST/SP I 90 ST/SP II
Mandalipau
Water Intake
75PP05 78 ST/SP II 91 ST/SP I
Kogopon
Selalang Water
Sarawak Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 67 T/P III 83 ST/SP II
Intake
Mukah Water
Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 66 T/P III 83 ST/SP II
Intake
Rajang Sg. Daro 56DR01 Daro Water Intake 60 T/P III 58 T/P III
Sg. Jemoreng Water
56JG01 65 T/P III 61 T/P III
Jemoreng Intake
Pakan Water
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 65 T/P III 73 ST/SP II
Intake
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 Igan Water Intake 65 T/P III 64 T/P III
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
71
BAB
02
Jadual 2.9 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks SS, 2018
Table 2.9 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on SS Sub-Index, 2018
RIVER BASIN STATIONS SS/SS SS/SS
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Perlis Perlis 2PS13 59 T/P III 65 T/P III
Mada Arau Fasa IV
Loji Rawatan Air
2PS14 61 T/P III 73 ST/SP II
TTPC, Sg. Baru
Kedah Melaka Sg. Melaka 2LG05 Ulu Melaka 53 T/P IV 76 B/C II
(Langkawi) Sg. Saga 2LG06 Padang Saga 75 ST/SP II 82 B/C II
Kedah Kedah Sg. Ahning 2KD11 Padang Sanai 67 T/P III 60 T/P III
Sg. Padang
2KD12 Kuala Nerang 86 B/C I 86 B/C I
Terap
Sg. Temin 2KD10 Changloon 83 B/C II 56 T/P III
Muda Sg. Muda 2MD16 Jeneri 36 T/P V 63 T/P III
2MD17 Jeniang 50 T/P IV 59 T/P III
2MD18 Bukit Selambau 39 T/P IV 61 T/P III
2MD20 Pinang Tunggal 32 T/P V 70 ST/SP III
Sg. Nami 2MD21 Nami 34 T/P V 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Sedim 2MD19 Bikan 59 T/P III 64 T/P III
P.Pinang Pinang Sg. Satu 2PG12 Batu Feringgi 92 B/C I 87 B/C I
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Bernam Sg. Gelinting 1BM15 65 T/P III 74 ST/SP II
Ulu Slim
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Trolak 1BM14 83 B/C II 77 B/C II
Trolak Timur
Loji Rawatan Air
Kurau Sg. Air Hitam 2KU07 77 B/C II 93 B/C I
Jelai
Loji Rawatan Air
Perak Sg. Manong 2PK62 90 B/C I 93 B/C I
Manong
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Sauk 2PK61 96 B/C I 94 B/C I
Sauk
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Tesong 2PK64 86 B/C I 93 B/C I
Sg. Klah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Woh 2PK63 88 B/C I 91 B/C I
Kuala Woh
Sepetang 2SP18 97 B/C I 96 B/C I
Tegoh Bukit Larut
Loji Rawatan Air
Selangor Klang Sg. Gombak 1K53 92 B/C I 91 B/C I
Gombak
Langat 1L26 56 T/P III 62 T/P III
Labu Salak Tinggi
1L09 52 T/P IV 50 T/P IV
Semenyih Semenyih
Sg.
Johor Batu Pahat Semberong 3BP27 Semberong Dam 84 B/C II 88 B/C I
Dam
Sg. Machap
Benut 3BN10 Machap Dam 79 B/C II 66 T/P III
Dam
Jalan Felda
Endau Sg. Kahang 3ED38 Kahang Timur, 80 B/C II 90 B/C I
Kluang

72
CHAPTER
02
Jadual 2.9 : Status Kualiti Air di Hulu Muka Sauk Berdasarkan Sub-Indeks SS, 2018
Table 2.9 : Water Quality Status of Upstream Water Intakes Based on SS Sub-Index, 2018
RIVER BASIN STATIONS SS/SS SS/SS
SUB- SUB-
INDEX INDEX
Loji Rawatan Air
Johor Muar Sg. Jelai 1MN23 62 T/P III 51 T/P IV
Dangi
3MR39 90 B/C I 81 B/C II
Jementah Jementah
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Muar 3MR38 73 ST/SP II 83 B/C II
Gombang
Sg. Pulai
Pulai 3PU04 Pulai Dam 86 B/C I 93 B/C I
Dam
Muka sauk Loji
Sg. Chin-
Melaka Kesang 1KA08 Rawatan Air Chin- 57 T/P III 67 T/P III
Chin
chin
Loji Rawatan Air
Pahang Bertam Sg. Bertam 2CH15 93 B/C I 90 B/C I
Habu
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Terla 2CH14 81 B/C II 87 B/C I
Kuala Terla
Sg. Ulong 2CH16 Brinchang Dam 93 B/C I 93 B/C I
Muka sauk Loji
Pahang Sg. Gapoi 4PH95 Rawatan Air 96 B/C I 92 B/C I
Gapoi
Sg. Jempol 4PH96 Loji Air Sg Jerik 84 B/C II 75 ST/SP II
4PH97 Loji Air Jengka 3 70 ST/SP III 71 ST/SP III
Sg. Mentiga 4PH98 Loji Air Chini 85 B/C I 77 B/C II
Loji Rawatan Air
Sg. Triang 4PH93 56 T/P III 52 T/P IV
Sg. Triang
Sg.
Terengganu Terengganu 4TE14 Loji Air Serada 81 B/C II 92 B/C I
Terengganu
Syarikat Air
Kelantan Golok Sg. Jeduk 4GL10 93 B/C I 82 B/C II
Kelantan
Kelantan Sg. Chiku 4KE66 Felda Ciku 2 76 B/C II 78 B/C II
Sg. Kelantan 4KE68 35 T/P V 27 T/P V
Mas
Sg. Pehi 4KE67 Loji Air Pahi 62 T/P III 49 T/P IV
Water Intake
Sabah Padas Sg. Padas 72PD04 Jabatan Air 36 T/P V 63 T/P III
Beaufort
Sekolah
Papar Sg. Papar 75PP04 Kebangsaan 91 B/C I 90 B/C I
Mandalipau
Water Intake
75PP05 90 B/C I 85 B/C I
Kogopon
Selalang Water
Sarawak Kerian Sg. Selalang 55SG01 96 B/C I 89 B/C I
Intake
Mukah Water
Mukah Sg. Mukah 58MH05 71 ST/SP III 69 T/P III
Intake
Rajang Sg. Daro 56DR01 Daro Water Intake 89 B/C I 87 B/C I
Sg. Jemoreng Water
56JG01 84 B/C II 93 B/C I
Jemoreng Intake
Pakan Water
Sg. Pakan 56PN01 84 B/C II 84 B/C II
Intake
Sg. Pila Parit 56PL01 Igan Water Intake 76 B/C II 88 B/C I
Nota/Note:
B/C : Bersih/Clean
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
73
BAB
02
55 100%
2
50 90%
45
23 80%
26
40 29
70%
Bilangan Stesen/Number of Stations
35
Peratus/Percentage
60%
30
49
50%
12
25
40%
20
20 30%
15 29
15
20%
10
5 10%
5 4
4
0 0 1 1
0 0%
IKA BOD AN SS
Parameter/Parameter
Kelas I/Class I Kelas II/Class II Kelas III/Class III Kelas IV/Class IV Kelas V/Class V
Rajah 2.6 : Kualiti Air Sungai di Stesen di Hulu Muka Sauk, 2018
Figure 2.6 : River Water Quality at Upstream Stations of Water Intakes, 2018

74
CHAPTER
02
CRWQM-WILAYAH UTARA
CRWQM-NORTHERN REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Utara)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Northern)
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Utara)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Northern)
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
RIVER WATER QUALITY
75
BAB
02
CRWQM-WILAYAH TENGAH
CRWQM-CENTRAL REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sentral)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Central)


76
CHAPTER
02
CRWQM-WILAYAH TENGAH
CRWQM-CENTRAL REGION


KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
77
BAB
02
CRWQM-WILAYAH SELATAN
CRWQM-SOUTHERN REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Selatan)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Southern)
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Selatan)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Southern)

78
CHAPTER
02
CRWQM-WILAYAH TIMUR
CRWQM-EASTERN REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Timur)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Eastern)
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Timur)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Eastern)
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI
RIVER WATER QUALITY
79
BAB
02
CRWQM-KAWASAN SABAH
CRWQM-SABAH REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sabah)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sabah)
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sabah)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sabah)

80
CHAPTER
02
CRWQM-KAWASAN SARAWAK
CRWQM-SARAWAK REGION
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sarawak)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sarawak)
Peratus Pematuhan Kelas II (Sarawak)

Percentage of Compliance to Class II (Sarawak)
KUALITI AIR SUNGAI

RIVER WATER QUALITY
81
Kualiti Air Tanah
Groundwater Quality
BAB
Chapter 3
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
83
BAB
03
PENGAWASAN KUALITI GROUNDWATER QUALITY
AIR TANAH MONITORING
Program Pengawasan Kualiti Air Tanah The National Groundwater Quality
Kebangsaan telah dimulakan pada Monitoring Programme was established
tahun 1997. Tapak telaga yang telah in 1997. The sites were selected based
dipilih adalah mewakili jenis guna on specific land use. The groundwater
tanah spesifik. Program pengawasan monitoring program encompasses
telah dijalankan terhadap 109 telaga at 109 wells throughout the country.
pengawasan di seluruh negara. Table 3.2 shows the distribution of
Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan taburan groundwater monitoring wells in
telaga pemantauan air tanah seluruh Malaysia by land use category.
Malaysia mengikut jenis kategori guna
tanah, 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 392 sampel In 2018, 392 samples were analyzed
telah dianalisa untuk organik meruap for volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), racun perosak, logam berat, (VOCs), pesticides, heavy metals,
anion, bakteria (kolifom), sebatian anions, bacteria (coliform), phenolic
berfenol, jumlah keliatan, jumlah compounds, total hardness, total
pepejal terlarut, pH, suhu, konduktiviti dissolved solids (TDS), pH, temperature,
dan oksigen terlarut (DO) conductivity and dissolved oxygen
(DO).
Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah Malaysia (IKAT) The Malaysia Groundwater Quality
digunakan sebagai satu kaedah Index (MGQI) is used as a method to
menentukan kategori dan status represent the groundwater quality
kualiti air tanah. IKAT dibangunkan status and its category. MGQI was
berdasarkan 7 parameter utama developed based on the main
iaitu pH, besi, jumlah pepejal terlarut, parameters which are pH, iron, total
nitrat, E.coli, fenol dan sulfat. IKAT dissolved solids, nitrate, E.coli, phenol
yang berskala 0 hingga 100 akan and sulphate. The categorization of
menentukan kategori kualiti air tanah the groundwater quality for the MGQI
dari Sangat Tercemar hingga Terbaik is based on the scale ranging from 0 to
(Jadual 3.1). 100 which represented from Very Poor
to Excellent (Table 3.1).
Jadual 3.1 : Klasifikasi Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah

Table 3.1 : Groundwater Quality Index Classification
KATEGORI/CATEGORY NILAI INDEKS/INDEX VALUE
Terbaik/Excellent 90 – 100
Baik/Good 70 – 89
Sederhana/Moderate 40 – 69
Tercemar/Poor 16 – 39
Sangat Tercemar/Very Poor 0 – 15

84
CHAPTER
03
Jadual 3.2 : Taburan Telaga Pemantauan Air Tanah Di Seluruh Negeri Di Malaysia Mengikut
Jenis Kategori Guna Tanah, 2018
Table 3.2 : Distribution Of Groundwater Monitoring Wells Throughout State In Malaysia By
Land Use Category, 2018
BILANGAN
BILANGAN TELAGA/
KATEGORI/CATEGORY TELAGA/NUMBER NEGERI/STATE
NUMBER OF WELLS
OF WELLS
Sabah 2
Terengganu 4
Pahang 1
Kawasan Pertanian/Agricultural 13 Kedah 2
Perlis 1
Kelantan 2
Selangor 1
Sabah 1
Terengganu 2
Pahang 1
Bandar & Pinggir Bandar/
12 Kedah 1
Urban & Suburban
Perlis 2
Kelantan 2
Selangor 3
Sabah 1
Terengganu 4
Johor 2
Kedah 1
Tapak Perindustrian/ Kelantan 2
19
Industrial Sites Melaka 1
Selangor 3
Pulau Pinang 3
Negeri Sembilan 1
Perak 1
Sabah 7
Sarawak 2
Terengganu 2
Tapak Pelupusan Sampah/ Johor 1
23
Solid Waste Landfills Kelantan 3
Perak 1
Kuala Lumpur 5
Negeri Sembilan 2
Sabah 2
Padang Golf/Golf Courses 7 Kelantan 4
Kuala Lumpur 1
Terengganu 1
Luar Bandar/Rural Areas 4 Kelantan 2
Melaka 1
Bekas Lombong Emas/Ex Mining
3 Sarawak 3
Areas (Gold Mines)
Bekalan Air Tempatan/ Sabah 1
5
Municipal Water Supply Sarawak 4
Sarawak 2
Johor 3
Tapak Pelupusan Bangkai
14 Perak 3
Haiwan/Animal Burial Areas
Selangor 3
Pulau Pinang 3
Kolam Akuakultur/ Pahang 6
7
Aquaculture Farms Terengganu 1
Tapak Pelupusan Radioaktif/
1 Perak 1
Radioactive Landfill
Peranginan/Resorts 1 Sabah 1
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
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03
STATUS KUALITI GROUNDWATER QUALITY
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR AGRICULTURE
GUNATANAH PERTANIAN LAND USE
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai Groundwater Quality Index for
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi agriculture land use from year 2014
gunatanah pertanian adalah seperti to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.1. Based
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1. on the figure, the number of Excellent
Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, didapati stations decreased compared to the
bilangan stesen Terbaik telah menurun year before. The number of Good
dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. stations increased while no station is
Bilangan stesen Baik pula telah categorized as Moderate, Poor and
meningkat dan tiada stesen dalam Very Poor in year 2018.
kategori Sederhana, Tercemar dan
Sangat Tercemar, pada tahun 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 12 stesen In 2018, a total of 12 stations under

gunatanah pertanian telah dipantau. agriculture land use were monitored.
Hasil program pengawasan yang The monitoring result indicate that 2
telah dijalankan menunjukan 2 stesen stations (16.7%) are categorized as
(16.7%) dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik Excellent and 10 stations (83.3%) as
dan 10 stesen (83.3%) dikategorikan Good. (Table 3.3)
sebagai Baik. (Jadual 3.3)
12
10
10
Bil. Stesen/Number of Stations
8
8
7 7 7
6
5
4
3 3 3
2 2 2
2
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Terbaik/Excellent Baik/Good Sederhana/Moderate Tercemar/Poor Sangat Tercemar/Very Poor
Rajah 3.1 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Pertanian (2014-2018)
Figure 3.1 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Agriculture Land Use (2014-2018)

86
CHAPTER
03
Jadual 3.3 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Pertanian
Table 3.3 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Agriculture Land Use
KLASIFIKASI NILAI IKAT/GWQI VALUE KATEGORI/

NEGERI/ KAWASAN/ NOMBOR STESEN/
STESEN/STATION CATEGORY
STATE AREA STATION NUMBER
CLASSIFICATION (2018)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Rimba Mas,
Pertanian/
Perlis Padang MW(7)-R3-1-15.72 87 92 97 90 83 Baik/Good
Agriculture
Besar
• Padang
Mat Sirat, MW(7)-KV-1-5.80 99 94 82 82 81 Baik/Good
Langkawi
Pertanian/
Kedah
Agriculture
• Padang
Mat Sirat, MW(7)-KV-1-12.09 95 88 80 80 79 Baik/Good
Langkawi
Pertanian/ • Sek. Keb. Terbaik/

Pahang MW(7)-C7-1-6.64 78 86 98 81 95
Agriculture Lepar Excellent
• Kampong
Jembal MW(7)-D6-1-7.58 81 84 89 96 80 Baik/Good
Kota Bharu
Pertanian/
Kelantan
Agriculture
• Sek. Keb.
Beris Lalang MW(7)-D15-1-4.05 79 86 97 76 75 Baik/Good
Bachok
• Kg.Merang,
MW(7)-T8-1-8.56 88 88 81 81 82 Baik/Good
Setiu
• Sek. Keb.
Alor Peroi
T21-1-45.82 57 68 81 66 82 Baik/Good
Kg, Gajah
Mati
Pertanian/
Terengganu
Agriculture • Sek. Keb.
Alor Peroi
T21-1-22.13 60 74 81 66 83 Baik/Good
Kg, Gajah
Mati
• Sek. Keb.
Alor Peroi
T21-1-6.16 79 79 81 80 82 Baik/Good
Kg, Gajah
Mati
• Limbawang
Agriculture
MW(7)-H511511-1-7.50 84 88 91 86 81 Baik/Good
Stesen,
Pertanian/ Beaufort
SABAH
Agriculture
• Yongs Farm, Terbaik/
MW(7)-H411712-1-16.2 98 96 93 93 93
Tawau Excellent
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
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03
STATUS KUALITI AIR GROUNDWATER QUALITY
TANAH GUNATANAH STATUS FOR URBAN AND
BAGI KAWASAN BANDAR SUBURBAN LAND USE
DAN PINGGIR BANDAR
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai tahun Groundwater Quality Index trend for
2014 hingga 2018 bagi gunatanah urban and suburban land use from
bandar dan pinggir bandar adalah year 2014 to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.2.
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Based on the figure, the number
Rajah 3.2. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, of Excellent stations decreased
didapati bilangan stesen Terbaik compared to the previous year. The
telah menurun dibandingkan tahun number of stations categorized as
sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen Baik Good increased. The number
pula telah meningkat. Bilangan stesen of Moderate stations remained
Sederhana masih sama dan tiada unchanged since 2017, while no
stesen dalam kategori Tercemar dan station is categorized as Poor and
Sangat Tercemar pada tahun 2018. Very Poor in year 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 11 In 2018, a total of 11 stations under

stesen gunatanah bandar dan urban and suburban land use were
pinggir bandar telah dipantau. Hasil monitored. The monitoring results
program pengawasan yang telah indicated that 2 stations (18.1%) are
dijalankan menunjukan 2 stesen categorized as Excellent, 7 stations
(18.1%) dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik, (63.6 %) as Good and 2 stations (18.1%)
7 stesen (63.6 %) sebagai Baik dan 2 as Moderate. (Table 3.4)
stesen (18.1%) dikategorikan sebagai
Sederhana. (Jadual 3.4)
8
7 7 7
7
6
6
5 5
5
4
4
3 3
3
2 2 2
2
1 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.2 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar (2014-2018)
Figure 3.2 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Urban And Suburban Land Use (2014-2018)

88
CHAPTER
03
Jadual 3.4 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Bandar dan Pinggir Bandar
Table 3.4 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Urban And Suburban Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Arau , Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-5.41 83 80 80 80 77 Baik/Good

Urban &
Perlis
Suburban
Terbaik/
• Arau , Perlis MW(7)-R4-1-19.80 97 97 96 95 93
Excellent
• SK Darul
Urban & Uloom Sederhana/
Kedah MW(7)-K2-1-6.22 79 65 59 59 55
Suburban Kepala Moderate
Batas
• Saujana
Golf Sederhana/
MW(7)-S13-1-5.45 99 96 93 82 69
Resort, Moderate
Urban & Subang
Selangor
Suburban • Saujana
Golf
MW(7)-S13-1-12.67 97 96 96 88 78 Baik/Good
Resort,
Subang
Urban & Terbaik/

Pahang • Nenasi MW(7)-C13-1-45.97 70 82 88 85 90
Suburban Excellent
• Sek.Men.
Keb.
MW(7)-D7-1-5.50 79 88 95 91 82 Baik/Good
Rantau
Urban & Panjang
Kelantan
Suburban • Sek.Men.
Keb.
MW(7)-D7-1-20.23 87 88 90 92 81 Baik/Good
Rantau
Panjang
• Kg. Raja,
MW(7)-T1-1-7.25 78 80 82 83 84 Baik/Good
Besut
Urban &
Terengganu
Suburban
• Kg. Raja,
MW(7)-T1-1-31.79 74 82 82 67 85 Baik/Good
Besut
Urban &
Sabah • SK Inanam MW(7)-H511601-9-7.50 91 85 74 78 80 Baik/Good
Suburban
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
89
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03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR INDUSTRIAL
GUNATANAH KAWASAN SITES LAND USE
PERINDUSTRIAN
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai tahun Groundwater Quality Index trend
2014 hingga 2018 bagi gunatanah for industrial land use from year
kawasan perindustrian adalah seperti 2014 to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.3.
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.3. Based on Figure 3.3, the number of
Berdasarkan rajah tersebut Rajah 3.3 Excellent station decreased while the
didapati bilangan stesen Terbaik telah number for Good station increased
menurun sebaliknya bilangan stesen compared to the previous year. The
Baik telah meningkat dibandingkan number of Moderate station remained
tahun sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen unchanged since 2017, while no station
Sederhana masih sama dan tiada is categorized as Poor and Very Poor in
stesen dalam kategori Tercemar dan year 2018.
Sangat Tercemar pada tahun 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak In 2018, a total of 18 stations under

18 stesen gunatanah kawasan industrial land use were monitored.
perindustrian telah dipantau. Hasil The monitoring results indicated that
program pengawasan yang telah 1 station (5.6%) is categorized as
dijalankan menunjukan 1 stesen (5.6%) Excellent, 14 stations (77.8 %) as Good
dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik dan 14 and 3 stations (16.7%) as Moderate.
stesen (77.8%) dikategorikan sebagai (Table 3.5)
Baik dan 3 stesen (16.7%) dikategorikan
sebagai Sederhana. (Jadual 3.5)
18
16
16
14 14
14
12
12
11
10
6
4
4
3 3 3 3
2 2 2
2
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.3 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Perindustrian (2014-2018)
Figure 3.3 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Industrial Land Use (2014-2018)

90
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03
Jadual 3.5 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Perindustrian
Table 3.5 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Industrial Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tapak
Kedah Perindustrian/ • Kulim Hi-Tech MW(7)-K3-1-8.45 82 74 65 68 70 Baik/Good
Industrial Sites
• Mak Mandin
MW(7)-P1-2-4.50 85 80 76 86 76 Baik/Good
Tapak (MAGRI)
Pulau Pinang Perindustrian/ • Mak Mandin
MW(7)-P1-1-6.50 91 82 76 91 77 Baik/Good
Industrial Sites (KASTAM)
• Bayan Lepas MW(7)-P2-1-4.34 93 93 91 89 87 Baik/Good
• SK Seksy. 20, Sederhana/
MW(7)-S9A-1-8.20 70 76 82 74 67
Shah Alam Moderate
• CIAST, Seksy.
Tapak Sederhana/
19, Shah MW(7)-S9-1-20.21 81 81 81 77 67
Selangor Perindustrian/ Moderate
Alam
Industrial Sites
• CIAST, Seksy.
Sederhana/
19, Shah MW(7)-S9-1-5.97 68 72 77 72 66
Moderate
Alam
Tapak
Negeri • Senawang
Perindustrian/ MW(7)-N4-1-6.44 76 77 72 71 71 Baik/Good
Sembilan Edible Oil
Industrial Sites
Tapak • Petronas Oil
Melaka Perindustrian/ Refinery, MW(7)-M1-1-8.10 75 70 73 75 71 Baik/Good
Industrial Sites Melaka
• Tg. Puteri,
Terbaik/
Pasir MW(7)-J5-1-7.34 87 87 88 92 99
Tapak Excellent
Gudang
Johor Perindustrian/
Industrial Sites • Tg. Puteri,
Pasir MW(7)-J5-2-7.49 74 79 77 74 72 Baik/Good
Gudang
• Eastern
Garment
MW(7)-D6-2-51.38 63 74 82 81 70 Baik/Good
MFG. Pkln.
Tapak Chepa
Kelantan Perindustrian/
Industrial Sites • Eastern
Garment
MW(7)-D6-2-4.24 84 85 87 90 80 Baik/Good
MFG. Pkln.
Chepa
• TCOT Kerteh,
MW(7)-T15-1-5.68 90 92 99 81 82 Baik/Good
Kemaman
• TCOT Kerteh,
MW(7)-T15-1-24.89 77 72 65 68 85 Baik/Good
Kemaman
Tapak
Terengganu Perindustrian/ • KSB Telok
Industrial Sites Kalong, MW(7)-T16-1-5.57 64 74 81 70 87 Baik/Good
Kemaman
• KSB Telok
Kalong, MW(7)-T16-1-18.76 64 81 81 66 83 Baik/Good
Kemaman
Tapak • Asian Supply
MW(7)-H511509-1-
Labuan Perindustrian/ Base W. P. 85 86 83 83 81 Baik/Good
6.80
Industrial Sites Labuan
KUALITI AIR TANAH

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BAB
03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR SOLID WASTE
GUNATANAH KAWASAN LANDFILLS LAND USE
TAPAK PELUPUSAN
SAMPAH
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai Groundwater Quality Index trend
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi for Solid Waste Landfills land use
gunatanah kawasan tapak from year 2014 to 2018 is shown in
pelupusan sampah adalah seperti Figure 3.4. Based on the figure, no
yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.4. station is categorized as Excellent
Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, didapati in year 2018 compared to the year
bilangan stesen Terbaik telah tiada before. The number of Good station
dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. decreased while the number of
Bilangan stesen Baik juga telah Moderate station increased. No
menurun manakala bilangan stesen station is categorized as Poor and
Sederhana telah meningkat. Tiada Very Poor in 2018.
stesen dalam kategori Tercemar dan
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 23 In 2018, a total of 23 stations under

stesen gunatanah kawasan tapak Solid Waste Landfills land use were
pelupusan sampah telah dipantau. monitored. The monitoring results
Hasil program pengawasan yang indicated that 12 stations (52.2%) are
telah dijalankan menunjukan 12 stesen categorized as Good and 11 stations
(52.2%) dikategorikan sebagai Baik (47.83%) as Moderate (Table 3.6)
dan 11 (47.83%) dikategorikan sebagai
20
18
18
17
16
14
14
13
12
12
11
10
8
8
6
5 5
4 4
4
2
2
1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.4 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Tapak Pelupusan
Sampah (2014-2018)
Figure 3.4 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Ex Solid Waste Landfills Land Use (2014-2018)

92
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03
Jadual 3.6 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah
Table 3.6 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Ex Solid Waste Landfills Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan
• Pusing, Batu
Perak Sampah/ MW(7)-A11-1-6.05 64 68 70 70 70 Baik/Good
Gajah
Ex Solid Waste
Landfills
Sederhana/
• Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.50 64 72 82 70 51
Moderate
Sederhana/
• Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.54 43 64 81 68 59
Bekas Tapak Moderate
Pelupusan
Kuala Sederhana/
Sampah/ • Jln Sg. Besi MW(7)-S11-1-5.57 43 76 98 72 65
Lumpur Moderate
Ex Solid Waste
Landfills • Tmn Beringin, Sederhana/
MW(7)-S13-1-7.26 83 88 96 72 58
Kepong Moderate
• Tmn Beringin, Sederhana/

MW(7)-S13-2-6.10 81 80 75 64 56
Kepong Moderate
Bekas Tapak Sederhana/

• Kualiti Alam MW(7)-N5-1-8 96 95 95 82 64
Pelupusan Moderate
Negeri
Sampah/
Sembilan
Ex Solid Waste Sederhana/
• Kualiti Alam MW(7)-N5-1-7.55 82 83 79 70 64
Landfills Moderate
Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan
• Kg. Batu 4,
Johor Sampah/ MW(7)-J4-1-6.94 73 67 73 76 82 Baik/Good
Kota Tinggi
Ex Solid Waste
Landfills
• Panji Landfill,
MW(7)-D6-3-
Panji Kota 89 89 90 88 83 Baik/Good
13.43
Bharu
Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan • Panji Landfill,
Kelantan Sampah/ Panji Kota MW(7)-D6-3-5.34 79 86 89 88 80 Baik/Good
Ex Solid Waste Bharu
Landfills
• P. Mas
Landfill,
MW(7)-D8-1-5.22 69 76 87 90 76 Baik/Good
Kg.Pusu 40,
P.Mas
• Kg. Kubang
Bekas Tapak Sederhana/
Badak, MW(7)-T10-1-5.45 86 84 80 80 67
Pelupusan Moderate
K.Terengganu
Terengganu Sampah/
Ex Solid Waste • Kg. Kubang
Landfills Badak, MW(7)-T10-1-22.89 94 86 76 81 81 Baik/Good
K.Terengganu
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Jadual 3.6 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Bekas Tapak Pelupusan Sampah
Table 3.6 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Ex Solid Waste Landfills Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-1-
Duvanson, 82 72 68 70 70 Baik/Good
8.80
Penampang
• ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-2-
14.0
Penampang
• ITAC, Kg.
Duvanson, MW(7)-H511601-3-8 68 68 69 78 85 Baik/Good
Penampang
Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan • ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-4-
Sabah Sampah/ Duvanson, 85 79 71 78 84 Baik/Good
17.3
Ex Solid Waste Penampang
Landfills
• ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-5-
19.0
Penampang
• ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-6- Sederhana/
Duvanson, 82 82 81 72 69
10.2 Moderate
Penampang
• ITAC, Kg.
MW(7)-H511601-7-
10.3
Penampang
• Kemuyang, Sederhana/
Bekas Tapak MW(7)-QS-K1-11.10 66 56 48 56 58
No.1 Moderate
Pelupusan
Sarawak Sampah/
Ex Solid Waste
• Kemuyang, Sederhana/
Landfills MW(7)-QS-K2-10.78 76 72 68 62 51
No.2 Moderate
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CHAPTER
03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR GOLF
GUNATANAH PADANG COURSES LAND USE
GOLF
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai Groundwater Quality Index trend for
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi golf courses land use from year 2014
gunatanah padang golf adalah to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.5. Based on
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah the figure, the number of Excellent
3.5. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, station decreased compared to the
didapati bilangan stesen Terbaik previous year. The number of Good
telah menurun dibandingkan tahun station remained unchanged, while
sebelumnya. Bilangan stesen Baik one (1) station is categorized as
pula masih sama dan terdapat Moderate. No station is categorized as
satu (1) stesen yang berada dalam Poor and Very Poor in year 2018.
kategori Sederhana. Tiada stesen
dalam kategori Tercemar dan Sangat
Tercemar pada tahun 2018.
Pada tahun 2014 dan 2015 In year 2014 and 2015, seven (7) stations
sebanyak 7 stesen yang dipantau, were monitored, however, only six
walaubagaimanapun bermula pada (6) stations were monitored since
tahun 2016 hanya 6 stesen yang year 2016 because one (1) station in
dipantau memandangkan 1 stesen di Kuala Lumpur has run dry (Table 4.7).
Kuala Lumpur telah kering (Jadual 4.7). The monitoring programme showed
Hasil program pengawasan yang telah 1 station is categorized as Excellent,
dijalankan menunjukan satu (1) stesen 4 stations as Good and 1 station as
di kategorikan sebagai Terbaik dan 4 Moderate (Table 3.7)
stesen dikategorikan sebagai Baik dan
1 stesen sebagai Sederhana (Jadual
3.7)
4.5
4 4 4 4
4
3.5
3 3 3
3
2.5
2 2
2
1.5
1
1 1
1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.5 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Padang Golf (2014-2018)
Figure 3.5 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Golf Courses Land Use (2014-2018)
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
95
BAB
03
Jadual 3.7 : Status Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Kawasan Padang Golf
Table 3.7 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Golf Courses Land Use
KLASIFIKASI NOMBOR NILAI IKAT/GWQI VALUE KATEGORI/

NEGERI/ KAWASAN/
STESEN/STATION STESEN/STATION CATEGORY
STATE AREA
CLASSIFICATION NUMBER (2018)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Royal
Kuala Padang Golf/ MW(7)-S12-1- Tiada Data/
Selangor 92 90 − − −
Lumpur Golf Courses 5.37 No data
Golf Club
• Kelab Golf
MW(7)-D3-1-
& Desa 75 77 83 84 82 Baik/Good
6.90
Pkln.Chepa
• Kelab Golf
MW(7)-D3-1-
& Desa 73 79 88 90 71 Baik/Good
6.37
Pkln.Chepa
Padang Golf/ • Kelab Golf
Kelantan
Golf Courses D’Raja MW(7)-D6-4- Sederhana/
65 73 82 82 65
Kubang 31.29 Moderate
Kerian
• Kelab Golf
D’Raja MW(7)-D6-4-
73 75 78 89 75 Baik/Good
Kubang 9.05
Kerian
• Sandakan
MW(7)-H511801-
Golf Club, 98 95 93 86 79 Baik/Good
1-8.82
Padang Golf/ Sandakan
Sabah
Golf Courses • Sandakan
MW(7)-H511801- Terbaik/
Golf Club, 98 96 93 96 96
2-8.60 Excellent
Sandakan

AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR RURAL AREAS
GUNATANAH KAWASAN LAND USE
LUAR BANDAR
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi rural areas land use from year 2014 to
gunatanah kawasan luar bandar 2018 is shown in Figure 3.6. Based on
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan the figure, no stations is in Excellent
dalam Rajah 3.6. Berdasarkan rajah category since year 2014. The number
tersebut, didapati tiada stesen Terbaik of station for Good and Moderate
sejak tahun 2014. Bilangan stesen category remained unchanged
Baik dan Sederhana masih sama compared to year 2017. No station is
dibandingkan tahun 2017. Tiada categorized as Poor and Very Poor in
stesen dalam kategori Tercemar dan year 2018.

96
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03
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 3 stesen In 2018, a total of 3 stations under rural
gunatanah kawasan luar bandar telah areas land use were monitored. The
dipantau. Hasil program pengawasan monitoring programme showed two
yang telah dijalankan menunjukkan (2) stations are in Good category and
2 stesen dikategorikan sebagai Baik one (1) station is in Moderate category.
dan 1 stesen dikategorikan sebagai (Table 3.8)
3.5
3 3 3
3
2.5
2 2
2
1.5
1 1
1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.6 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Luar Bandar (2014-2018)
Figure 3.6 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Rural Areas Land Use (2014-2018)
Jadual 3.8 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Luar Bandar
Table 3.8 : Status Of Groundwater Quality Index Status for Rural Areas Land Use
NOMBOR
NEGERI/ KAWASAN/ STESEN/
STATE AREA STATION
NUMBER
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Sek. Keb.
MW(7)-D11-
Jelawat 81 85 88 81 81 Baik/Good
1-6.10
Bachok
Luar Bandar/
Kelantan • Sek. Men.
Rural Areas
Keb. MW(7)-D11- Sederhana/
71 74 82 74 65
Jelawat 2-5.09 Moderate
Bachok
• Kg.Padang
Pak
Luar Bandar/ MW(7)-T14-
Terengganu Wan, Bkt. 86 82 81 80 81 Baik/Good
Rural Areas 1-6.99
Payung,
Marang
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
97
BAB
03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR EX-MINING
GUNATANAH KAWASAN AREAS (GOLD MINE)
BEKAS LOMBONG EMAS LAND USE
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi ex-mining areas (gold mine) land use
gunatanah kawasan bekas lombong from year 2014 to 2018 is shown in
emas adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan Figure 3.7. Based on the figure, all
dalam Rajah 3.7. Berdasarkan rajah stations are in Good category.
tersebut, didapati kesemua stesen
berada dalam kategori Baik.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 3 station In 2018, a total of 3 stations under ex-
gunatanah kawasan bekas lombong mining areas (gold mine) land use
emas telah dipantau. Hasil program were monitored. The monitoring result
pengawasan yang telah dijalankan indicated that the groundwater quality
menunjukan kesemua stesen (100%) category for all stations (100) are Good
dikategorikan sebagai Baik. (Jadual (Table 3.9)
3.9)
3.5
3 3 3 3
3
2.5
2
2
1.5
1
1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.7 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Lombong Emas
(2014-2018)
Figure 3.7 : Groundwater Quality Index Trends for Ex-Mining Areas (Gold Mine) Land Use
(2014-2018)

98
CHAPTER
03
Jadual 3.9 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Lombong Emas
Table 3.9 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Ex-Mining Areas (Gold Mine) Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Bau, No. MW(7)-QK-B1-

83 85 85 82 82 Baik/Good
1 27.27
Bekas Lombong • Bau, No. MW(7)-QK-B2-
Sarawak Emas/Ex-Mining 85 85 85 85 82 Baik/Good
2 29.50
(Gold Mine)
MW(7)-QK-B3-
• Bau 82 88 97 82 73 Baik/Good
29

AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR MUNICIPAL
GUNATANAH KAWASAN WATER SUPPLY LAND USE
BEKALAN AIR TEMPATAN
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai Groundwater Quality Index for
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi guna municipal water supply land use trend
tanah kawasan bekalan air tempatan from year 2014 to 2018 is shown in
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan Figure 3.8. Based on the figure, no
dalam Rajah 3.8. Berdasarkan rajah station is in Excellent category since
tersebut, didapati tiada stesen dalam year 2015. The number of Good
kategori Terbaik sejak tahun 2015. category station decreased while
Bilangan stesen kategori Baik menurun the number for Moderate category
dibandingkan tahun 2017 manakala station increased compared to year
kategori Sederhana meningkat dari 2017. No station showed Poor and Very
tahun sebelumnya. Tiada stesen Poor groundwater quality index in year
dalam kategori Tercemar dan Sangat 2018.
Tercemar pada tahun 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 6 station In 2018, a total of 6 stations under

gunatanah kawasan bekalan air Municipal Water Supply land use were
tempatan telah dipantau. Hasil monitored. The monitoring results
program pengawasan yang telah indicated four (4) stations is in Good
dijalankan menunjukkan 4 stesen category and two (2) stations is in
dikategorikan sebagai Baik dan moderate category. (Table 3.10)
2 stesen dikategorikan sebagai
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
99
BAB
03
7
6
6
5 5
5
4 4
4
2 2
2
1 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.8 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekalan Air Tempatan
(2014-2018)
Figure 3.8 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Municipal Water Supply Land Use (2014-2018)
Jadual 3.10 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah Bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekalan Air
Tempatan
Table 3.10 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Municipal Water Supply Land Use

NEGERI/ KAWASAN/
STATE AREA
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Bekalan Air
Tempatan/ • Kg. Tajau MW(7)-H511604- Baik/
Sabah 90 88 84 80 75
Municipal Water Laut, Kudat 1-4.5 Good
Supply
• Kabong, MW(7)-QB-K1- Baik/
80 80 81 81 79
No. 1 6.70 Good
• Pusat
Rawatan MW(7)-QL-L1- Sederhana/
81 81 81 72 56
Air.JKR, No. 7.53 Moderate
1, Miri
Bekalan Air • Pusat
Tempatan/ Rawatan MW(7)-QL-L2- Baik/
Sarawak 80 73 70 72 70
Municipal Water Air.JKR, No. 7.90 Good
Supply 2, Miri
• LAKU
MW(7)-QM-L1- Sederhana/
(Lambir), 89 75 68 62 59
30.50 Moderate
No. 1, Miri
• Kg. Lusut
MW(7)-QM-L3- Baik/
Kiri, No. 3, 89 70 62 72 82
28.30 Good
Miri

100
CHAPTER
03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR EX ANIMAL
GUNATANAH KAWASAN BURIAL AREAS LAND USE
BEKAS TAPAK PELUPUSAN
BANGKAI BINATANG
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi ex animal burial areas land use from
gunatanah kawasan bekas tapak year 2014 to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.9.
pelupusan bangkai binatang adalah Based on the figure, only one (1) station
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam in the Excellent category in 2018 and
Rajah 3.9. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, none in the previous year. The number
didapati terdapat satu (1) stesen station with Good category decreased
dalam kategori Terbaik dibandingkan while the number for Moderate
tahun sebelumnya di mana tiada category increased compared to year
stesen dalam kategori ini. Bilangan 2017. No station under Poor and Very
stesen Baik pula menurun manakala Poor category in year 2018.
stesen dalam kategori Sederhana
meningkat dibandingkan pada tahun
2017. Tiada stesen dalam kategori
Tercemar dan Sangat Tercemar pada
tahun 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 13 stesen In year 2018, 13 stations were monitored
yang dipantau melibatkan negeri included Perak, Pulau Pinang, Johor,
Perak, Pulau Pinang, Johor, Selangor Selangor and Sarawak (Table 3.11).
dan Sarawak (Jadual 3.11). Hasil The monitoring result indicated that
program pengawasan yang telah one (1) station (7.7%) is in Excellent
dijalankan menunjukkan 1 stesen category, nine (9) stations (69.2 %) is in
(7.7%) dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik, Good category and three (3) stations
9 stesen (69.2%) dikategorikan sebagai (23.1%) is in Moderate category. (Table
Baik dan 3 stesen (23.1%) sebagai 3.11)
Sederhana (Jadual 3.11)
14
12
12
11
10
9 9
8
7
4
3 3 3
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.9 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Tapak Pelupusan
Bangkai Haiwan (2014-2018)
Figure 3.9 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Ex Animal Burial Areas Land Use (2014-2018)
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
101
BAB
03
Jadual 3.11 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Bekas Tapak
Pelupusan Bangkai Haiwan
Table 3.11 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Ex Animal Burial Areas Land Use

NEGERI/ NOMBOR STESEN/
STESEN/STATION KAWASAN/AREA CATEGORY
STATE STATION NUMBER
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tapak • Tapak Bazar

Sederhana/
Pelupusan Seramik MW(7)-A(IP)-1-5.92 79 75 73 70 69
Moderate
Bangkai Tambun
Perak
Haiwan/ • Tapak Bekas
Ex Animal Burial Wabak JE MW(7)-A(SS)-1-7.65 78 80 84 85 85 Baik/Good
Areas Landfills Jalong
• Perkampungan
Ldg Valdor MW(7)-P(LV)-1-7.45 95 88 78 73 89 Baik/Good
Tapak (Kelapa)
Pelupusan
• Perkampungan
Pulau Bangkai
Ldg Valdor MW(7)-P(LV)-2-6.78 95 91 85 73 88 Baik/Good
Pinang Haiwan/
(Tengah)
Ex Animal Burial
Areas Landfills • Perkampungan
Terbaik/
Ldg Valdor MW(7)-P(LV)-3-7.30 95 86 76 80 91
Excellent
(Jalan)
Tapak • Ulu Choh (Pintu) MW(7)-JPN-1-6.90 73 69 73 74 82 Baik/Good

Pelupusan
Bangkai • Ulu Choh
Johor MW(7)-JPN-2-6.10 70 72 70 74 81 Baik/Good
Haiwan/ (kolam)
Ex Animal Burial
Areas Landfills • Ulu Choh
MW(7)-JPN-3-6.71 77 76 77 78 82 Baik/Good
(sungai)
Tapak • Stesen Kg. Sg. Sederhana/
MW(7)-S(SE)-1-5.67 62 72 82 72 63
Pelupusan Keroh, Sepang Moderate
Bangkai • TNB Sepang MW(7)-S(SE)-2-6.95 87 90 94 87 71 Baik/Good
Selangor
Haiwan/
Ex Animal Burial • Ladang
MW(7)-S(SE)-3-5.60 68 72 84 82 78 Baik/Good
Areas Landfills Sepang
Tapak • Oya Road, No. Sederhana/

MW(7)-QS-Y1-10 82 70 69 64 55
Pelupusan 1, Sibu Moderate
Bangkai
Sarawak
Haiwan/
Ex Animal Burial • Oya Road, No.
MW(7)-QS-Y2-9.17 66 68 74 72 71 Baik/Good
Areas Landfills 2, Sibu

102
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03
STATUS KUALITI GROUNDWATER
AIR TANAH BAGI QUALITY STATUS FOR
GUNATANAH KAWASAN AQUACULTURE LAND USE
AKUAKULTUR
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi aquaculture land use from year 2014
gunatanah bagi kawasan akuakultur to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.10. Based
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan on the figure, no station showed
dalam Rajah 3.10. Berdasarkan rajah Excellent category of groundwater
tersebut, didapati tiada stesen Terbaik quality index in year 2018. The number
pada tahun 2018. Bilangan stesen of Good category station remained
Baik masih sama dibandingkan tahun unchanged compared to the year
2017. Tiada stesen dalam kategori before. No station is under Moderate,
Sederhana, Tercemar dan Sangat Poor and Very Poor category in year
Tercemar pada tahun 2018. 2018.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 6 stesen In 2018, a total of 6 stations in Pahang

gunatanah bagi kawasan akuakultur under aquaculture land use were
telah dipantau di Pahang. Hasil monitored. The monitoring results
program pengawasan yang telah indicated that all stations (100 %) has
dijalankan menunjukkan kesemua Good groundwater quality index.
stesen (100%) dikategorikan sebagai (Table 3.12)
Baik. (Jadual 3.12)
6 6 6
6
5 5
5
1 1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.10 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Akuakultur (2014-2018)
Figure 3.10 : Groundwater Quality Index Trends for Aquaculture Land Use (2014-2018)
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
103
BAB
03
Jadual 3.12 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Akuakultur
Table 3.12 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Aquaculture Land Use

NEGERI/ KAWASAN/
STATE AREA
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
• Nenasi MW(7)-C16-2- Baik/

67 73 81 80 81
(Agrobest) 10.5 Good
61 72 79 79 80
(Agrobest) 43 Good
Kolam • Nenasi MW(7)-C16-4- Baik/
64 73 83 82 83
Akuakultur/ (Agrobest) 38 Good
Pahang
Aquaculture • Nenasi MW(7)-C16-5- Baik/
Farms 67 79 92 84 79
(Agrobest) 10 Good
64 77 82 73 82
(Agrobest) 10 Good
74 82 87 87 88
(Agrobest) 29 Good

104
CHAPTER
03
AIR TANAH BAGI STATUS FOR RESORT LAND
GUNATANAH KAWASAN USE
PERANGINAN
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah mulai Ground Water Quality Index trend
tahun 2014 hingga 2018 bagi for resort land use from year 2014 to
gunatanah bagi kawasan peranginan 2018 is shown in Figure 3.11. Based
adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan on the figure, no station is in Excellent
dalam Rajah 3.11. Berdasarkan rajah category from year 2014 to 2018. The
tersebut, didapati tiada stesen Terbaik number of Good station remained
yang ditunjukkan selama tahun 2014 unchanged since year 2015. No station
hingga 2018. Bilangan stesen Baik under Moderate, Poor and Very Poor
masih sama sejak tahun 2015. Tiada category since 2015.
stesen dalam kategori Sederhana,
Tercemar dan Sangat Tercemar sejak
tahun 2015.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 1 stesen In 2018, one (1) station in Sabah under
gunatanah bagi kawasan peranginan resort land use was monitored. The
telah dipantau di Sabah. Hasil monitoring results indicated that the
program pengawasan yang telah station has Good groundwater quality
dijalankan menunjukkan kesemua index. (Table 3.13)
stesen dikategorikan sebagai Baik.
(Jadual 3.13)
1.2
1 1 1 1 1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 3.11 : Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Peranginan (2014-2018)
Figure 3.11 : Groundwater Quality Index Trend for Resorts Land Use (2014-2018)
Jadual 3.13 : Status Indeks Kualiti Air Tanah bagi Gunatanah Kawasan Peranginan
Table 3.13 : Groundwater Quality Index Status for Resorts Land Use

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Peranginan / • Pulau MW(7)-H511601-8- Baik/

Sabah 67 79 82 83 85
Resort Manukan 6.50 Good
KUALITI AIR TANAH

GROUNDWATER QUALITY
105
Kualiti Air Marin
dan Pulau-Pulau
Marine and Island
Marine Water Quality
BAB
Chapter 4
107
BAB
04
PENGAWASAN KUALITI MARINE WATER QUALITY
AIR MARIN MONITORING
Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) Department of Environment (DOE) has
menjalankan pengawasan kualiti been monitoring the marine water
air marin bermula pada tahun 1978 quality since 1978 in Peninsular Malaysia
di Semenanjung Malaysia dan 1985 and 1985 in Sabah and Sarawak with
bagi Sabah dan Sarawak dengan the main objective to establish the
tujuan untuk mengenalpasti status marine water quality status and to
kualiti air marin dan menentukan determine the degree of pollution from
tahap pencemaran daripada both the land-based as well as the sea
punca-punca di daratan dan juga based sources. These sources may
di laut. Punca-punca pencemaran pose threats to the marine resources
ini boleh menimbulkan ancaman which would upset the stability and
kepada sumber kehidupan marin diversity of the marine ecosystem.
dan menganggu kestabilan serta
kepelbagaian ekosistem marin.
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 188 stesen In year 2018, a total of 188 coastal,
pantai, 85 stesen kuala dan 95 stesen 85 estuary and 95 island stations were
pulau telah dipantau. Sebanyak 1128 monitored. As many as 1128 samples
sampel di kawasan pantai, 510 di kuala from coastal, 510 samples from estuary
dan 570 di pulau telah diambil untuk and 570 samples from island monitoring
dianalisis dan hasilnya dilaporkan stations were collected for analyses
berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air Marin and reported based on the Marine
(IKAM). Water Quality Index (MWQI).
IKAM digunakan sebagai satu kaedah The MWQI was used to reflect the marine
untuk menentukan kategori dan status water quality status and its category.
kualiti air marin. Indeks ini dibangunkan The index was developed based on
berdasarkan 7 parameter utama iaitu seven (7) main parameters which are
Oksigen Terlarut (DO), Nitrat (NO3), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Nitrate (NO3),
Fosfat (PO4), Ammonia Tidak Terion Phosphate (PO4), Unionized Ammonia
(NH3), Faecal Coliform, Minyak dan Gris (NH3), Faecal Coliform, Oil and Grease
(O&G) dan Jumlah Pepejal Terampai (O&G) and Total Suspended Solids
(TSS). (TSS).
IKAM yang berskala 0 hingga 100 akan The resulting MWQI with a scale
menentukan kategori kualiti air marin between 0 to 100 will determine the
daripada Terbaik hingga Tercemar category of the marine water quality,
(Jadual 4.1). ranging from Excellent to Poor (Table 4.1).
Jadual 4.1: Klasifikasi Indeks Kualiti Air Marin

Table 4.1 : Marine Water Quality Index Classification
KATEGORI/CATEGORY NILAI INDEKS/INDEX VALUE
Terbaik/Excellent 90 – 100
Baik/Good 80 - <90
Sederhana/Moderate 50 - <80
Tercemar/Poor 0 - <50

108
CHAPTER
04
Jadual 4.2 : Standard dan Kriteria Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia
Table 4.2 : Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards
PARAMETER/ KELAS 1/ KELAS 2/ KELAS 3/ KELAS E/
PARAMETER CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS E
KEGUNAAN/ Pemeliharaan, Kehidupan Pelabuhan, Paya Bakau &
Kawasan Laut, Perikanan, Lapangan Minyak Muara Sungai/
Dilindungi, Taman Terumbu Karang, dan Gas/
Laut/ Rekreasi dan
Marikultur/
USES Preservation, Marine Life, Ports, Oil & Gas Mangroves

Marine Protected Fisheries, Fields Estuarine & River-
Areas, Marine Coral Reefs, mouth Water
Parks Recreational and
Mariculture
Suhu (°C)/ ≤ 2°C peningkatan ≤ 2°C peningkatan ≤ 2°C peningkatan ≤ 2°C peningkatan
terhadap ambien terhadap ambien terhadap ambien terhadap ambien
maksimum maksimum maksimum maksimum
Temperature ≤ 2°C increase ≤ 2°C increase ≤ 2°C increase ≤ 2°C increase

(°C) over maximum over maximum over maximum over maximum
ambient ambient ambient ambient
Oksigen Terlarut >80% tepu
(mg/L)/
5 3 4
Dissolved >80% saturation
Oxygen (mg/L)
Jumlah Pepejal 25 mg/L atau ≤ 50mg/L (25 100 mg/L atau ≤ 100 mg/L atau ≤
Terampai* 10% peningkatan mg/L) atau ≤ 10% peningkatan 30 % peningkatan
(mg/L)/ dalam purata 10% peningkatan dalam purata dalam purata
bermusim, yang dalam purata bermusim, yang bermusim, yang
mana lebih bermusim, yang mana lebih mana lebih
rendah/ mana lebih rendah/ rendah/
rendah/
Total suspended 25 mg/L or ≤ 50mg/L (25 100 mg/L or ≤ 100 mg/L or ≤

solid (mg/L) 10% increase in mg/L) or ≤ 10% 10% increase in 30 % increase in
seasonal average, increase in seasonal average, seasonal average,
whichever is lower seasonal average, whichever is lower whichever is lower
whichever is lower
Minyak dan
Geris (mg/L)/
0.01 0.14 5 0.14
Oil and grease
(mg/L)
Raksa* (µg/L)/
0.04 0.16 (0.04) 50 0.5
Mercury* (µg/L)
Kadmium*
(µg/L)/
0.5 2 (3) 10 2
Cadmium*
(µg/L)
Kromium (VI)
(µg/L)/
5 10 48 10
Chromium (VI)
(µg/L)
Kuprum (µg/L)/
1.3 2.9 10 2.9
Copper (µg/L)
KUALITI AIR MARIN DAN PULAU-PULAU

MARINE AND ISLAND MARINE WATER QUALITY
109
BAB
04
Jadual 4.2 : Standard dan Kriteria Kualiti Air Marin Malaysia
Table 4.2 : Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards
PARAMETER/ KELAS 1/ KELAS 2/ KELAS 3/ KELAS E/
PARAMETER CLASS 1 CLASS 2 CLASS 3 CLASS E
KEGUNAAN/ Pemeliharaan, Kehidupan Pelabuhan, Paya Bakau &
Kawasan Laut, Perikanan, Lapangan Minyak Muara Sungai/
Dilindungi, Taman Terumbu Karang, dan Gas/
Laut/ Rekreasi dan
Marikultur/
USES Preservation, Marine Life, Ports, Oil & Gas Mangroves

Marine Protected Fisheries, Fields Estuarine & River-
Areas, Marine Coral Reefs, mouth Water
Parks Recreational and
Mariculture
Arsenik (III)* (µg/L)/

3 20 (3) 50 20 (3)
Arsenic (III)* (µg/L)
Plumbum (µg/L)/
4.4 8.5 50 8.5
Lead (µg/L)
Zink (µg/L)/
15 50 100 50
Zinc (µg/L)
Sianida (µg/L)/
2 7 20 7
Cyanide (µg/L)
Ammonia (tidak
terion) (µg/L)/
35 70 320 70
Ammonia
(unionized) (µg/L)
Nitrit (NO2) (µg/L)/

10 55 1,000 55
Nitrite (NO2) (µg/L)
Nitrat (NO3) (µg/L)/

10 60 1,000 60
Nitrate (NO3) (µg/L)
Fosfat (µg/L)/
5 75 670 75
Phosphate (µg/L)
Fenol (µg/L)/
1 10 100 10
Phenol (µg/L)
Tributyltin (TBT)
0.001 0.01 0.05 0.01
(µg/L)
100 faecal 100 faecal
coliform 200 faecal coliform
70 faecal coliform
Faecal coliform count/100mL & coliform count/100mL &
count/100mL
(70 faecal coliform count/100mL (70 faecal coliform
count/100mL) count/100mL)
Polycyclic
Aromatic
100 200 1000 1000
Hydrocarbon
(PAHs) (µg/L)
Nota: * Nilai SKKAM dalam kurungan digunakan untuk kawasan air marin yang menjadi sumber makanan laut
Note: * MWQCS in parentheses are for coastal and marine water areas where seafood for human consumption is applicable

110
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04
STATUS KUALITI AIR COASTAL WATER QUALITY
MARIN PANTAI STATUS
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 188 stesen In year 2018, a total of 188 coastal
pantai telah dipantau dan dianalisis stations was monitored, analysed and
serta dilaporkan dalam Indeks reported in term of the Marine Water
Kualiti Air Marin. Hasil pengawasan Quality Index. The monitoring results
menunjukkan 124 stesen (65.96%) indicated that 124 stations (65.96%)
dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik, 37 as Excellent, 37 stations (19.68%) as
stesen (19.68%) sebagai Baik, 27 stesen Good, 27 stations (14.36%) as Moderate
(14.36%) sebagai Sederhana dan tiada and no station categorized as Poor
stesen sebagai Tercemar (Jadual 4.3). (Table 4.3).
Jadual 4.3 : Status Kualiti Air Marin Kawasan Pantai

Table 4.3 : Marine Water Quality Status for Coastal
NOMBOR NOMBOR
NILAI IKAM/MWQI VALUE KATEGORI
KLASIFIKASI STESEN STESEN
NEGERI/ KAWASAN/ (2018)/
STESEN/STATION LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
STATE AREA CATEGORY
CLASSIFICATION STATION STATION 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (2018)
NUMBER NUMBER
Kedah Pantai/Coastal Pantai Terbaik/
5603905 MMKC001 65 68 76 79 91
Merdeka Excellent
Langkawi Terbaik/
6399914 MMKC002 80 71 66 90 94
Island Resort Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Kok 6397922 MMKC003 82 72 66 83 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Kuah 6398925 MMKC004 80 71 71 91 94
Excellent
Pantai Pasir Terbaik/
6499701 MMKC005 82 85 68 93 94
Tengkorak Excellent
Pantai Teluk Terbaik/
6396923 MMKC006 88 70 64 85 94
Burau Excellent
Pantai Teluk
6497915 MMKC007 79 74 63 91 84 Baik/Good
Nibong
Terbaik/
Pantai Tengah 6297903 MMKC008 70 68 60 87 94
Excellent
Pantai Beras Terbaik/
NA MMKC009 - - - 93 94
Basah* Excellent
Pulau Pantai/Coastal Gertak
5201919 MMPC001 55 53 53 71 81 Baik/Good
Pinang Sanggul

Kawasan
Sederhana/
Perindustrian 5303932 MMPC002 55 - - 67 59
Moderate
Bayan Lepas 1

Kawasan
Stesen
Perindustrian
5303933 NA 54 - - - - tutup/Close
Bayan Lepas
station
2**
Kawasan
Stesen
Perindustrian
5302939 NA 54 53 50 - - tutup/Close
Bayan Lepas
station
3**
Sederhana/
Pantai Bersih 5403906 MMPC003 61 52 76 50 66
Moderate
Terbaik/
Pantai Miami 5502901 MMPC004 65 69 61 68 93
Excellent
5201938 MMPC005 66 70 63 86 93
Panjang Excellent
Batu Feringgi Sederhana/
5402904 MMPC006 69 66 79 67 67
(Casuarina) Moderate
Luar Pantai Terbaik/
5402930 MMPC007 66 65 88 85 93
Teluk Bahang Excellent

111
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04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Pulau Pantai/Coastal Persiaran Sederhana/
5403902 MMPC008 66 48 83 63 66
Pinang Gurney Moderate

Rumah Pam Sederhana/
5304927 MMPC009 55 52 66 59 64
Baru Perai Moderate

Rumah Pam Sederhana/
5303926 MMPC010 59 55 61 64 65
Lama Perai Moderate
Selat PP
Sederhana/
Selatan 5303911 MMPC011 51 49 60 49 59
Moderate
(Jelutong)
Tanjung Sederhana/
5402937 MMPC012 67 61 83 84 67
Bungah Moderate
Teluk Sederhana/
5202923 MMPC013 61 52 51 61 75
Tempoyak Moderate
Sederhana/
Batu Maung 5202901 MMPC014 57 52 46 59 62
Moderate
Pantai Sungai Terbaik/
NA MMPC015 - - - 62 93
Batu Ferringhi 3* Excellent
NA MMPC016 - - - 61 93
Batu Ferringhi 2* Excellent
Pantai Sungai
NA MMPC017 - - - 51 85 Baik/Good
Batu Ferringhi 1*
Perak Pantai/Coastal Pantai Pasir Terbaik/
4205908 MMAC001 80 55 58 91 92
Bogak Excellent
4205928 MMAC002 70 54 75 91 93
Dalam Excellent
4205932 MMAC003 71 73 51 89 92
Batik Excellent
Pantai Tanjung Terbaik/
4406927 MMAC004 84 69 53 92 94
Batu Excellent
NA MMAC005 - - - 93 92
Rubiah* Excellent
Pantai Damai Terbaik/
NA MMAC006 - - - 91 92
Laut* Excellent
NA MMAC007 - - - 92 93
Senangin* Excellent
4205924 MMAC008 85 51 52 93 93
Panjang Excellent
Selangor Pantai/Coastal Pantai Bagan
2616927 MMBC001 85 89 90 92 88 Baik/Good
Lalang
Pantai Morib 2712902 MMBC002 87 70 62 89 87 Baik/Good
Selat Pulau Terbaik/

3012929 MMBC003 93 87 75 72 90
Babi Excellent
Selat Klang Sederhana/
3013908 MMBC004 94 68 78 64 62
Utara Moderate
Terbaik/
Pantai Remis* NA MMBC005 - - - 67 90
Excellent
Pantai
NA MMBC006 - - - 91 82 Baik/Good
Klanang*
Negeri Pantai/Coastal Terbaik/
Bagan Pinang 2518915 MMNC001 92 87 97 68 91
Sembilan Excellent
Telok Sinting 2419908 MMNC002 88 90 97 87 88 Baik/Good
Port Dickson Sederhana/

2517907 MMNC003 70 84 97 68 68
Bandar Moderate
Port Dickson Terbaik/
2518937 MMNC004 93 91 97 67 90
Batu 4 Excellent

112
CHAPTER
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Negeri Pantai/Coastal Port Dickson Sederhana/
2418906 MMNC005 67 88 97 79 68
Sembilan Batu 5 Moderate
Port Dickson Terbaik/
2418916 MMNC006 81 88 97 68 92
Batu 6 Excellent
Port Dickson
2418905 MMNC007 90 86 97 67 88 Baik/Good
Batu 7
Port Dickson
2418912 MMNC008 93 77 97 75 87 Baik/Good
Batu 8
Port Dickson
2418914 MMNC009 90 93 97 68 89 Baik/Good
Batu 10
Port Dickson
Sederhana/
Janakuasa 2517909 MMNC010 91 79 97 68 68
Moderate
TNB
Telok Terbaik/
2419917 MMNC011 91 93 97 81 90
Pelanduk Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Cermin 2416918 MMNC012 88 89 97 68 92
Excellent
Pantai Teluk Sederhana/
NA MMNC013 - - - 68 67
Kemang* Moderate
Pantai Seri Terbaik/
NA MMNC014 - - - 85 93
Purnama* Excellent
Melaka Pantai/Coastal Pantai
2221916 MMMC001 55 58 68 85 85 Baik/Good
Rombang
Pantai Kundur 2221908 MMMC002 55 55 57 84 82 Baik/Good

2320909 MMMC003 52 53 57 82 93
Bidara Excellent
Terbaik/
Teluk Gong 2320902 MMMC004 51 55 57 88 93
Excellent
Pulau Melaka Sederhana/
2121915 MMMC005 - 78 72 64 67
Point A1 Moderate
Pulau Melaka
2121915 MMMC006 - - - 72 81 Baik/Good
Point A2
2121916 MMMC007 - 84 63 63 62
Point B1 Moderate
2121916 MMMC008 - - - 66 58
Point B2 Moderate
Pantai
NA MMMC009 - - - 67 81 Baik/Good
Klebang*
Johor Pantai/Coastal Terbaik/
Tanjung Bin 1336975 MMJC001 90 90 84 92 92
Excellent
Pelabuhan
Terbaik/
Tanjung 1438943 MMJC002 85 89 85 90 92
Excellent
Pelepas
Hadapan
1438918 MMJC003 87 62 84 80 88 Baik/Good
Jabatan Laut
Pantai Stulang Sederhana/
1437951 MMJC004 61 58 76 61 63
Laut Moderate
Jeti Teluk Sederhana/
1438918 MMJC005 84 64 53 62 62
Jawa Moderate
Pelabuhan Sederhana/
1428939 MMJC006 64 75 75 64 65
Pasir Gudang Moderate
Hadapan Sederhana/
1437920 MMJC007 55 64 44 59 59
HSAJB Moderate
Sederhana/
Pantai Lido 1437921 MMJC008 63 59 66 55 52
Moderate

113
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04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Johor Pantai/Coastal Pantai Teluk Terbaik/
1841911 MMJC009 85 85 89 92 94
Mahkota Excellent
2140694 MMJC010 87 88 88 94 93
Leman Excellent
Pantai Sri Terbaik/
2339960 MMJC011 87 87 88 94 94
Pantai Excellent
Sederhana/
Tanjung Merak 1441968 MMJC012 61 73 89 93 73
Moderate
Tanjung Terbaik/
1441967 MMJC013 85 88 88 93 93
Pengelih Excellent
Pantai
Terbaik/
Tanjong 1341961 MMJC014 57 88 89 93 93
Excellent
Stapa
2538958 MMJC015 79 89 88 93 94
Gorek Excellent
Pantai Air Terbaik/
2538959 MMJC016 86 89 89 93 94
Papan Excellent
Jeti Kukup 1334925 MMJC017 64 62 87 88 89 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Pasir Gogok 1441966 MMJC018 79 89 90 94 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Tanjung Buai 1340973 MMJC019 89 88 80 92 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Desaru 1542914 MMJC020 71 65 89 94 94
Excellent
Tanjung Terbaik/
1443969 MMJC021 83 64 87 94 93
Sepang Excellent
Tanjung Terbaik/
1444920 MMJC022 77 62 86 92 93
Penyusup Excellent
1730962 MMJC023 86 64 89 90 91
Lurus Excellent
Punggur 1531974 MMJC024 52 87 88 84 87 Baik/Good
Pantai Terbaik/
NA MMJC025 - - - 93 93
Penyabung* Excellent
Tanjung Terbaik/
NA MMJC026 - - - 94 94
Resang* Excellent
Tanjung Terbaik/
NA MMJC027 - - - 93 93
Balau* Excellent
Terbaik/
Batu Layar* NA MMJC028 - - - 93 94
Excellent
Tanjung Terbaik/
NA MMJC029 - - - 92 91
Sengat* Excellent
Pahang Pantai/Coastal Pantai
4133903 Terbaik/
Cherating MMCC001 91 85 60 92 94
(A) Excellent
(Club Med A)
Pantai
4133903 Terbaik/
(B) Excellent
(Club Med B)
Pantai
4133942 Terbaik/
(A) Excellent
(Legend A)
Pantai
4133942 Terbaik/
(B) Excellent
(Legend B)
Pantai
3933901
Muhibbah MMCC005 87 77 58 68 89 Baik/Good
(A)
Balok A

114
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04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Pahang Pantai/Coastal Pantai
3933901
Muhibbah MMCC006 86 75 59 65 83 Baik/Good
(B)
Balok B
Pantai Batu 3833915
MMCC007 93 85 62 68 87 Baik/Good
Hitam A (A)
Pantai Batu 3833915 Terbaik/
MMCC008 91 87 56 81 91
Hitam B (B) Excellent
Pantai 3933941 Terbaik/
MMCC009 93 90 65 80 90
Berserah A (A) Excellent
MMCC010 71 78 63 67 90
Berserah B (B) Excellent
Pantai Teluk 3833910
MMCC011 93 78 59 67 88 Baik/Good
Cempedak A (A)
Pantai Teluk 3833910 Terbaik/
MMCC012 94 67 59 88 91
Cempedak B (B) Excellent
Pantai Teluk 3833909 Sederhana/
MMCC013 71 62 64 67 77
Gelora A (A) Moderate
Pantai Teluk 3833909 Sederhana/
MMCC014 78 64 59 66 76
Gelora B (B) Moderate
Pantai Sepat Terbaik/
3737915 MMCC015 93 62 88 91 93
A Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Sepat B 3633916 MMCC016 94 85 80 91 93
Excellent
MMCC017 94 82 85 93 94
Legenda A (A) Excellent
MMCC018 94 64 79 94 94
Legenda B (B) Excellent
Pantai Kuala Terbaik/
3235917 MMCC019 93 66 79 90 93
Api-Api Excellent
3334915 MMCC020 93 83 79 90 94
Batu Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
NA MMCC021 - - - 86 94
Chendor* Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Lanjut* NA MMCC022 - - - 93 92
Excellent
Terengganu Pantai/Coastal Pantai Batu Terbaik/
5331935 MMTC001 66 58 78 94 93
Buruk Excellent
Pantai Bukit Terbaik/
5825903 MMTC002 69 52 64 94 94
Keluang Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
5231934 MMTC003 69 53 61 89 94
Chendering Excellent
Pantai Rantau Terbaik/
4833917 MMTC004 70 60 61 90 94
Abang Excellent
Terbaik/
KIPC Utara 4634954 MMTC005 62 62 74 91 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
KIPC Tengah 4534955 MMTC006 63 73 77 89 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
KIPC Selatan 4534956 MMTC007 66 75 74 89 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Rhu 10* NA MMTC008 - - - 94 94
Excellent
Pantai Tok Terbaik/
NA MMTC009 - - - 94 94
Jembal* Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Kelului* NA MMTC010 - - - 94 94
Excellent
NA MMTC011 - - - 94 94
Ketapang* Excellent

115
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Terengganu Pantai/Coastal Pantai Kuala Terbaik/
NA MMTC012 - - - 94 94
Abang* Excellent
NA MMTC013 - - - 94 94
Kalong* Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Sura* NA MMTC014 - - - 94 94
Excellent
NA MMTC015 - - - 94 94
Bidara* Excellent
Pantai
NA MMTC016 - - - 93 88 Baik/Good
Kemasik*
Kelantan Pantai/Coastal Pantai Seri Terbaik/
6221910 MMDC001 71 63 66 88 93
Tujuh Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
6122903 MMDC002 74 61 78 87 93
Cahaya Bulan Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Sabak 6123909 MMDC003 72 61 66 81 93
Excellent
Pantai Irama Terbaik/
6024908 MMDC004 69 62 66 86 93
Bachok Excellent
Pantai Bisikan Terbaik/
5825905 MMDC005 67 64 66 89 94
Bayu Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
NA MMDC006 - - - 93 94
Melawi* Excellent
Sarawak Pantai/Coastal Pantai Terbaik/
1898902 MMQC001 91 76 74 88 90
Sematan Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
1824918 MMQC002 94 87 75 87 91
Pandan Excellent
Pantai Pasir
1604910 MMQC003 67 67 88 80 87 Baik/Good
Putih
Pantai Bako 1704906 MMQC004 94 88 74 88 89 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Pantai Damai 1702904 MMQC005 91 76 89 86 91
Excellent
Pantai Tanjung
1810923 MMQC006 73 87 85 69 85 Baik/Good
Kembang
Pantai
Harmoni 2920921 MMQC007 53 54 85 72 86 Baik/Good
Mukah
Pantai Tanjung
3132602 MMQC008 70 67 82 84 89 Baik/Good
Batu
Pantai Likau 3230915 MMQC009 63 89 79 85 89 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Pantai Emas 3331903 MMQC010 63 88 90 87 90
Excellent
Pantai Piasau 4539918 MMQC011 88 82 68 86 89 Baik/Good
Pantai
4449917 MMQC012 91 94 68 81 88 Baik/Good
Brighton
Pantai
4339920 MMQC013 89 97 68 86 82 Baik/Good
Esplaned
Pantai Beraya 4238921 MMQC014 89 97 68 87 88 Baik/Good
Pantai Bungai 4137922 MMQC015 91 82 94 88 87 Baik/Good
Pantai Belawai 2212913 MMQC016 65 83 73 84 88 Baik/Good
Pantai Mukah* NA MMQC017 - - - 84 88 Baik/Good

116
CHAPTER
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Sarawak Pantai/Coastal Tanjung Terbaik/
NA MMQC018 - - - 85 90
Kidurong* Excellent
Terbaik/
Pasir Pandak* NA MMQC019 - - - 86 90
Excellent
Terbaik/
Rambungan* NA MMQC020 - - - 89 90
Excellent
Sri Tanjung
NA MMQC021 - - - 92 86 Baik/Good
Lawas*
Sederhana/
Pantai Luak* NA MMQC022 - - - 88 78
Moderate
Pasir Panjang* NA MMQC023 - - - 87 88 Baik/Good
Sabah Pantai/Coastal Pantai Teluk Terbaik/

5053901 MMSC001 80 82 66 70 92
Brunei 1 Excellent
5053902 MMSC002 79 83 59 65 93
Brunei 2 Excellent
5053903 MMSC003 73 85 67 65 92
Brunei 3 Excellent
5053904 MMSC004 75 86 66 69 93
Brunei 4 Excellent
5053905 MMSC005 71 85 65 69 93
Brunei 5 Excellent
5053906 MMSC006 80 83 67 70 93
Brunei 6 Excellent
Borneo Golf Terbaik/
5355901 MMSC007 80 79 68 68 92
Seawater Excellent
Pantai Manis Terbaik/
5555901 MMSC008 81 83 66 69 91
Papar Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
5565902 MMSC009 77 83 67 73 93
Melinsung Excellent
Pantai Tanjung
Terbaik/
Aru (Roll 5656902 MMSC010 70 67 63 86 93
Excellent
Skating)
5656903 MMSC011 67 66 67 82 93
Aru (No. 3) Excellent
Pantai Lok Terbaik/
5656904 MMSC012 59 69 62 85 93
Kawi Excellent
Pantai Dalit Terbaik/
6161901 MMSC013 85 70 64 74 93
Tuaran Excellent
Mangrove Terbaik/
6161902 MMSC014 86 67 68 86 93
Paradise Excellent
Pantai Terbaik/
6161903 MMSC015 83 68 67 71 93
Sabandar Excellent
Pantai Bak- Terbaik/
6665901 MMSC016 85 65 63 70 93
Bak Kudat Excellent
Pasir Putih Terbaik/
5580901 MMSC017 83 84 67 66 92
Sandakan Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai TLDM 5580902 MMSC018 81 87 69 69 92
Excellent
Pantai Batu Terbaik/
5580903 MMSC019 83 84 67 51 93
Sapi Excellent
Pantai Ulu Terbaik/
5085901 MMSC020 83 84 68 69 92
Tungku Excellent
Pantai Sarina Terbaik/
4481901 MMSC021 83 82 69 68 93
Kunak Excellent
Pantai Kg. Terbaik/
4581902 MMSC022 - 82 67 49 91
Lamak Excellent

117
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Sabah Pantai/Coastal Terbaik/
Pantai Tinagat 4473901 MMSC023 83 82 69 70 93
Excellent
5656901 MMSC024 82 68 68 86 93
Aru (Rest Lido) Excellent
Labuan Pantai/Coastal Terbaik/
Pulau Papan 5151905 MMLC001 51 76 75 73 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kiamsam 5151906 MMLC002 67 77 76 73 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sungai Pagar 5151907 MMLC003 79 77 78 71 92
Excellent
Layang- Terbaik/
5251902 MMLC004 79 76 77 73 92
Layangan Excellent
Terbaik/
Tanjung Aru 5251903 MMLC005 75 78 72 73 91
Excellent
Nota/Note:
* (Stesen baru/New station)
** (Stesen tutup/Close station)
- (Tiada data/No data)
NA (Tidak berkenaan/Not available)
Tren Indeks Kualiti Air Marin (IKAM) The Marine Water Quality Index
mulai tahun 2014 hingga 2018 adalah (MWQI) trend for 2014 to 2018 is as
seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.1. shown in Figure 4.1. The number of
Bilangan stesen Terbaik menunjukkan stations recorded Excellent category
peningkatan daripada 60 kepada 124 increased from 60 to 124 stations (52%).
stesen (52%).
140
124
120
103
100
86
80 75
70
60 56
60 54
45
37
40
30 31
27
16
20
9
0 2 2 2 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Terbaik/Excellent Baik/Good Sederhana/Moderate Tercemar/Poor
Rajah 4.1 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin Kawasan Pantai di Malaysia, 2014-2018
Figure 4.1 : The Trend of Marine Water Status for Coastal Area in Malaysia, 2014-2018

118
CHAPTER
04
STATUS KUALITI AIR ESTUARY WATER QUALITY
KUALA STATUS
Pada tahun 2018, sebanyak 85 stesen In year 2018, 85 estuary stations were
Kuala telah dipantau dan dianalisis monitored, analysed and reported
serta dilaporkan sebagai Indeks Kualiti as Marine Water Quality Index. The
Air Marin. Hasil program pengawasan results from the monitoring programme
yang telah dijalankan menunjukkan 18 indicated that 18 stations (21.18%) as
stesen (21.18%) dikategorikan sebagai Excellent, 21 stations (24.71%) as Good,
Terbaik, 21 stesen (24.71%) sebagai 41 stations (48.24%) as Moderate and 5
Baik, 41 stesen (48.24%) sebagai stations (5.88%) as Poor (Table 4.4).
Sederhana dan 5 stesen (5.88%)
sebagai Tercemar (Jadual 4.4).
Jadual 4.4 : Status Kualiti Air Marin di Kawasan Kuala

Table 4.4 : Marine Water Quality Status for Estuary
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Perlis Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
6401901 MMRE001 59 53 61 64 66
Perlis Moderate
Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
6201902 MMRE002 76 56 60 64 70
Baru Moderate
Kedah Kuala/Estuary Sederhana/
Kuala Kedah 6102908 MMKE001 53 50 77 62 61
Moderate
Kuala Jerlun 6302925 MMKE002 65 59 75 62 82 Baik/Good
Kuala
Segantang NA MMKE003 - - - 83 88 Baik/Good
Garam*
NA MMKE004 - - - 64 62
Muda* Moderate
Pulau Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
5204901 MMPE001 58 49 45 49 54
Pinang Jawi Moderate
Kuala Sungai Tercemar/
5303904 MMPE002 63 59 70 49 47
Juru Poor
5104901 MMPE003 61 60 34 56 60
Kerian Moderate
5403934 MMPE004 50 47 58 52 61
Pinang Moderate
5303908 MMPE005 53 56 64 52 59
Perai Moderate
5204935 MMPE006 60 67 65 58 37
Tengah Poor
Kuala Sungai
Sederhana/
Pinang (Balik 5202929 MMPE007 67 46 60 55 64
Moderate
Pulau)
Perak Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Terbaik/
4205930 MMAE001 70 67 78 88 91
Manjung Excellent
Kuala Sungai
4906926 MMAE002 68 60 67 82 84 Baik/Good
Gula
4994919 MMAE003 56 73 59 61 64
Kurau Moderate
Kuala Sungai
Sederhana/
Tanjung 5003921 MMAE004 75 73 57 59 61
Moderate
Piandang
4806925 MMAE005 53 66 56 60 58
Sepetang Moderate

119
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Perak Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai
4007901 MMAE006 62 70 64 61 81 Baik/Good
Perak
Selangor Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai
2517922 MMBE001 71 78 85 92 89 Baik/Good
Sepang
Kuala Sungai
2612928 MMBE002 68 92 86 93 89 Baik/Good
Sepang (Kecil)
Kuala Sungai
Terbaik/
Sepang 2616926 MMBE003 81 86 92 93 92
Excellent
(Kawalan)
Kuala Sungai
Sederhana/
Langat 2814925 MMBE004 69 55 72 82 62
Moderate
(Jugra)
3013909 MMBE005 95 67 77 60 37
Klang Poor
Kuala Sungai
Tercemar/
Langat 2913903 MMBE006 93 67 81 60 39
Poor
(Lumut)
3212930 MMBE007 64 66 67 64 62
Buloh Moderate
3312915 MMBE008 90 90 74 85 69
Selangor Moderate
3311931 MMBE009 68 67 72 74 64
Tengi Moderate
Kuala Sungai
3808924 MMBE010 67 55 72 56 86 Baik/Good
Bernam
Negeri Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
2319901 MMNE001 93 81 97 75 65
Sembilan Linggi Moderate
2517910 MMNE002 91 68 97 66 66
Lukut Moderate
Melaka Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
2123903 MMME001 59 55 56 63 65
Melaka Moderate
2121914 MMME002 59 52 53 57 59
Sri Melaka Moderate
2124912 MMME003 62 86 71 81 75
Merlimau Moderate
Kuala Sungai
2186905 MMME004 68 77 70 83 82 Baik/Good
Kesang
Kuala Sungai
2186904 MMME005 61 58 69 86 87 Baik/Good
Sebatu
NA MMME006 - - - 64 64
Melaka 2* Moderate
Kuala Sungai
NA MMME007 - - - 84 83 Baik/Good
Baru*
2221922 MMME008 - - 69 63 64
Lereh Moderate
Johor Kuala/Estuary Stesen
Kuala Sungai
1437946 - 75 66 58 63 - tutup/Close
Melayu
station
Stesen
Kuala Sungai
1437922 - 58 57 65 40 - tutup/Close
Skudai
station
Stesen
Kuala Sungai
1438943 - 61 59 56 62 - tutup/Close
Tebrau
station
1437919 MMJE001 61 62 47 53 32
Segget Poor
1439965 MMJE002 64 87 82 61 61
Kim-Kim Moderate

120
CHAPTER
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Johor Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Terbaik/
1440916 MMJE003 82 88 85 92 92
Johor Excellent
Kuala Sungai
1729930 MMJE004 51 84 87 90 80 Baik/Good
Batu Pahat
2024932 MMJE005 64 81 88 92 66
Muar Moderate
2438905 MMJE006 64 89 85 67 67
Mersing Moderate
Pahang Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sederhana/
NA MMCE001 - - - 66 67
Kuantan* Moderate
Kuala Rompin Terbaik/
NA MMCE002 - - - 89 93
Kecil* Excellent
Kuala Sederhana/
NA MMCE003 - - - 92 73
Pahang* Moderate
Terbaik/
Kuala Nenasi* NA MMCE004 - - - 93 94
Excellent
NA MMCE005 - - - 65 66
Balok* Moderate
Terengganu Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
5825902 MMTE001 70 64 63 73 67
Besut Moderate
Kuala Sungai
4734918 MMTE002 54 55 53 65 86 Baik/Good
Dungun
Kuala Sungai Terbaik/
5231949 MMTE003 70 63 61 90 93
Ibai Excellent
4534922 MMTE004 58 54 56 91 92
Kerteh Excellent
5232911 MMTE005 67 63 72 90 91
Marang Excellent
4634920 MMTE006 66 69 72 80 94
Paka Excellent
5627953 MMTE007 70 62 75 92 93
Setiu Excellent
5331907 MMTE008 57 72 55 66 67
Terengganu Moderate
Kuala Sungai
Terbaik/
Kemaman/ 4234929 MMTE009 59 54 56 90 94
Excellent
Chukai
Tioxide Utara
Terbaik/
(Kg. Bukit 4234950 MMTE010 66 63 63 89 94
Excellent
Kuang, Kijal)
Tioxide Tengah
(Pupuk Terbaik/
4234951 MMTE011 70 62 61 90 94
Semangat, Excellent
Kijal)
Tioxide
Terbaik/
Selatan (KSB, 4234952 MMTE012 69 53 - 94 94
Excellent
T. Kalong)
Sederhana/
Pulau Duyung 5231908 MMTE013 50 48 57 66 66
Moderate
Kelantan Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Sederhana/
6220911 MMDE001 52 57 76 75 67
Golok Moderate
6222901 MMDE002 51 52 74 79 65
Kelantan Moderate
Kuala Sungai
Sederhana/
Pengkalan 6223912 MMDE003 54 63 72 89 67
Moderate
Chepa

121
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Kelantan Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai
Pengkalan 6123913 MMDE004 60 63 61 86 81 Baik/Good
Datu
5824914 MMDE005 67 58 57 63 67
Kemasin Moderate
NA MMDE006 - - - 87 67
Semerak* Moderate
Sarawak Kuala/Estuary Kuala Sungai Terbaik/
1898901 MMQE001 95 80 90 86 90
Semantan Excellent
Kuala Sungai
1604907 MMQE002 80 62 70 85 86 Baik/Good
Sarawak
1704905 MMQE003 65 69 66 55 90
Bako Excellent
Kuala Sungai
1702903 MMQE004 75 87 89 87 88 Baik/Good
Santubong
Kuala
Sederhana/
Batang Krian 1710922 MMQE005 79 64 73 64 76
Moderate
(Kabong)
Kuala Batang
2111909 MMQE006 82 82 87 83 85 Baik/Good
Rejang
Kuala Mukah
2920920 MMQE007 51 70 89 72 83 Baik/Good
Kuala Batang
3130911 MMQE008 64 77 69 68 87 Baik/Good
Kemena
Kuala Tanjung
3431903 MMQE009 85 90 92 84 89 Baik/Good
Similajau
Kuala Sungai
3332904 MMQE010 89 91 92 86 89 Baik/Good
Panipah
Kuala Pantai Sederhana/
3431903 MMQE011 55 93 86 84 79
Nyalau Moderate
4539919 MMQE012 96 97 66 72 76
Baram Moderate
4349915 MMQE013 84 72 68 61 78
Miri Moderate
Kuala Sungai
NA MMQE014 - - - 70 87 Baik/Good
Trusan*
Sabah Kuala/Estuary Terbaik/
Kuala Penyu 5453901 MMSE001 82 65 66 71 92
Excellent
Muara Sungai Terbaik/
5050905 MMSE002 60 88 45 86 91
Inanam Excellent
Nota/Note:

122
CHAPTER
04
Berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air Marin Based on Marine Water Quality Index
(IKAM), bilangan stesen Terbaik (MWQI), the number of estuarine
menunjukkan peningkatan daripada water quality that recorded Excellent
15 kepada 18 stesen (17%). Tren ini increased from 15 to 18 stations (17%).
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2. These trends are shown in Figure 4.2.
70
61
60
54 54
50
47
41
40
30
23
21
18
20
15
12 12
8
10
7 6 6
4 4 5
0 3
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 4.2 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Kawasan Kuala, 2014-2018
Figure 4.2 : The Trend Of Marine Water Quality Status for Estuary, 2014-2018

123
BAB
04
KUALITI AIR MARIN PULAU ISLAND MARINE WATER
QUALITY
Senarai stesen Pulau berdasarkan The list of island stations by island
kategori stesen ditunjukkan dalam category is as shown in Table 4.5.
Jadual 4.5.
Jadual 4.5 : Stesen-Stesen Pulau, 2018

Table 4.5 : Island Stations, 2018
BIL. BIL.
ID STESEN ID STESEN
NEGERI/ PULAU/ STESEN/ PULAU/ KATEGORI/
LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
STATE NO. OF NO. OF ISLAND CATEGORY
STATION ID STATION ID
ISLAND STATION
Peranginan/
1 Singa Besar 7KR01 MMKR001
Resort
Dayang Peranginan/
7KR02 MMKR002
Bunting Resort
2
Dayang Stesen Baru/
NA MMKR003
Bunting 2* New Station
Dilindungi/
1 Pulau Perak 7KP01 MMRP001
Protected
Taman Laut/
1 Payar 7KM03 MMKM001
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Kaca 7KM04 MMKM002
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Segantang 7KM06 MMKM003
Marine Park
Kedah 10
Pembangunan/
Pantai Kuah 7KD07 MMKD001
Development
Pantai Pembangunan/
7KD09 MMKD002
Chenang Development
4
Pembangunan/
Tanjung Rhu 7KD010 MMKD003
Development
Pembangunan/
Teluk Ewa 7KD08 MMKD004
Development
Stesen Baru/
1 Pasir* NA MMKP001
New Station
Stesen Baru /
1 Gasing* NA MMKP002
New Station
Stesen Baru/
1 Dangli* NA MMKP003
New Station
Tanjung Stesen Baru/
1 NA MMPP001
Tokong* New Station
Pembangunan/
Batu Maung 7PD01 MMPD001
Development
Pembangunan/
3 Padang Kota 7PD04 MMPD002
Development
Pulau Pinang 7
Pembangunan/
Teluk Bahang 7PD03 MMPD003
Development
Peranginan/
1 Aman 7PR05 MMPR001
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Jerejak 7PR06 MMPR002
Resort

124
CHAPTER
04
BIL. BIL.
ID STESEN ID STESEN
LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
ISLAND STATION
Peranginan/
1 Kendi 7PR07 MMPR003
Resort
Peranginan/
Pulau Pinang 1 Rimau 7PR08 MMPR004
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Gedong 7PR09 MMPR005
Resort
Pantai Teluk Peranginan/
7AR01 MMAR001
Gedong Resort
2
Pantai Puteri Peranginan/
7AR02 MMAR002
Dewi Resort
Peranginan/
Perak 4 1 Pangkor Laut 7AR03 MMAR003
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Sembilan 7AR04 MMAR004
Resort
Dilindungi/
Tukun Perak 7AP05 MMAP001
Protected
Peranginan/
1 Ketam 7BR01 MMBR001
Resort
Peranginan/
Selangor 3 1 Angsa 7BR02 MMBR002
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Lumut 7BR03 MMBR003
Resort
Negeri Dilindungi/
1 1 Arang 7NP01 MMNP001
Sembilan Protected
Upeh Peranginan /
7MR02 MMMR001
(Point A) Resort
2
Upeh Peranginan/
7MR02 MMMR002
(Point B) Resort
Besar Peranginan/
7MR01 MMMR003
(Point A) Resort
Melaka 3 2
Besar Peranginan/
7MR01 MMMR004
(Point B) Resort
Undan Peranginan/
7MR03 MMMR005
(Point A) Resort
2
Undan Peranginan/
7MR03 MMMR006
(Point B) Resort
Peranginan/
1 Setindan 7JR01 MMJR001
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Babi Tengah 7JR02 MMJR002
Resort
Taman Laut/
1 Dayang 7JM03 MMJM001
Marine Park
Johor 8
Taman Laut /
1 Nanga Besar 7JM08 MMJM002
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Sibu Tengah 7JM11 MMJM003
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Pemanggil 7JM15 MMJM004
Marine Park

125
BAB
04
BIL. BIL.
ID STESEN ID STESEN
LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
ISLAND STATION
Dilindungi/
1 Kukup 7JP17 MMJP001
Protected
Johor
Dilindungi/
1 Pisang 7JP18 MMJP002
Protected
Tioman (Teluk Taman Laut/
1 7CM02 MMCM001
Salang) Marine Park
Tioman (Kg. Taman Laut/
1 7CM01 MMCM002
Nipah) Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Tulai 7CM05 MMCM003
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Labas 7CM07 MMCM004
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
Pahang 9 1 Cebeh 7CM04 MMCM005
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Sepui 7CM06 MMCM006
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Sembilang 7CM08 MMCM007
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Seri Buat 7CM03 MMCM008
Marine Park
Tokong Taman Laut/
1 7CM09 MMCM009
Bahara Marine Park
Peranginan/
1 Gemia 7TR01 MMTR001
Resort
Perhentian Taman Laut/
1 7TM04 MMTM001
Besar (South) Marine Park
7TM05 MMTM002
Besar (West) Marine Park
2
7TM06 MMTM003
Kecil Marine Park
Redang Taman Laut/
7TM07 MMTM004
(North) Marine Park
2
Redang Taman Laut/
Terengganu 9 7TM08 MMTM005
(South) Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Lang Tengah 7TM11 MMTM006
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Pinang 7TM12 MMTM007
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Ekor Tebu 7TM13 MMTM008
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Lima 7TM14 MMTM009
Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Kapas 7TM09 MMTM010
Marine Park
Dilindungi/
1 Panjang 7DP01 MMDP001
Protected
Kelantan 2
Dilindungi/
1 Kundur 7DP02 MMDP002
Protected

126
CHAPTER
04
BIL. BIL.
ID STESEN ID STESEN
LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
ISLAND STATION
Dilindungi/
1 Satang 7QP01 MMQP001
Protected
Talang- Dilindungi/
Sarawak 3 1 7QP02 MMQP002
Talang Kecil Protected
Talang- Dilindungi/
1 7QP03 MMQP003
Talang Besar Protected
Peranginan/
1 Gaya 7SR01 MMSR001
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Mabul 7SR03 MMSR002
Resort
Peranginan/
Sipadan (N) 7SR04 MMSR003
Resort
2
Peranginan/
Sipadan (W) 7SR05 MMSR004
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Manukan 7SM09 MMSR005
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Tiga 7SR10 MMSR006
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Kapalai 7SR12 MMSR007
Resort
Molleangan Peranginan/
1 7SR14 MMSR008
Besar Resort
Banggi Peranginan/
Sabah 16 1 7SR15 MMSR009
(South) Resort
Peranginan/
1 Banggi (East) 7SR20 MMSR010
Resort
Peranginan/
1 Balambangan 7SR16 MMSR011
Resort
Mantanani Peranginan/
1 7SR21 MMSR012
Besar Resort
Taman Laut/
1 Sapi 7SM08 MMSM001
Marine Park
Kalampunian Taman Laut/
1 7SM11 MMSM002
Besar Marine Park
Dilindungi/
1 Selingan 7SP17 MMSP001
Protected
Dilindungi/
1 Gulisan 7SP18 MMSP002
Protected
Bakungan Dilindungi/
1 7SP19 MMSP003
Kecil Protected
Taman Laut/
1 Kuraman 7LM05 MMLM001
Marine Park
Rusukan Taman Laut/
Labuan 4 1 7LM07 MMLM002
Besar Marine Park
Taman Laut/
1 Rusukan Kecil 7LM06 MMLM003
Marine Park

127
BAB
04
BIL. BIL.
ID STESEN ID STESEN
LAMA/OLD BARU/NEW
ISLAND STATION
Pembangunan/
Pohon Batu 7LD01 MMLD001
Development
Pembangunan/
Water Front 7LD02 MMLD002
Development
Labuan 4
Lubuk Pembangunan/
7LD03 MMLD003
Temiang Development
Ranca- Pembangunan/
7LD04 MMLD004
Ranca Development
Nota/Note:
Perairan di sekelliling 79 buah pulau The water bodies around 79 islands

telah dipantau dalam tahun 2018. were monitored in 2018. A total of
Sebanyak 95 stesen telah dipantau 95 island stations were monitored,
dan dianalisis serta dilaporkan sebagai analysed and reported as Marine
Indeks Kualiti Air Marin. Hasil analisis Water Quality Index. The result
menunjukkan 82 stesen (86.32%) indicated that 82 stations (86.32%)
dikategorikan sebagai Terbaik, 8 as Excellent, 8 stations (8.42%) as
stesen (8.42%) dikategorikan sebagai Good, 5 stations (5.26%) as Moderate
Baik, 5 stesen (5.26%) dikategorikan and no station categorized as Poor
sebagai Sederhana dan tiada stesen (Figure 4.3).
dikategorikan sebagai Tercemar
(Rajah 4.3).
90
82
80
70
62
60
49 47
50
45
40
34 33
31
30
24
20 17
10 8
10
6 5
3 2
0 1 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tahun/Year
Rajah 4.3 : Tren Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau, 2014-2018
Figure 4.3 : The Trend of Marine Water Quality Status for Island, 2014-2018

128
CHAPTER
04
Jadual 4.6 : Status Kualiti Air Marin bagi Pulau
Table 4.6 : Marine Water Quality Status for Island
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Terbaik/
Kedah Pulau/Island Singa Besar 7KR01 MMKR001 83 73 61 90 93
Excellent
Dayang Terbaik/
7KR02 MMKR002 89 71 60 91 93
Bunting Excellent
Dayang Terbaik/
NA MMKR003 - - - 93 93
Bunting 2* Excellent
Terbaik/
Pulau Perak 7KP01 MMRP001 - 72 56 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Payar 7KM03 MMKM001 79 73 75 91 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kaca 7KM04 MMKM002 82 75 74 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Segantang 7KM06 MMKM003 84 75 70 91 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pantai Kuah 7KD07 MMKD001 75 69 51 92 94
Excellent
Pantai
7KD09 MMKD002 86 73 63 74 82 Baik/Good
Chenang
Terbaik/
Tanjung Rhu 7KD010 MMKD003 86 88 67 92 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Teluk Ewa 7KD08 MMKD004 67 74 74 92 94
Excellent
Stesen
Lembu** 7KM05 NA 85 75 71 - - tutup/Close
station
Terbaik/
Pasir* NA MMKP001 - - - 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Gasing* NA MMKP002 - - - 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Dangli* NA MMKP003 - - - 92 94
Excellent
Pulau Tanjung Sederhana/
Pulau/Island NA MMPP001 - - - 63 66
Pinang Tokong* Moderate
Sederhana/
Batu Maung 7PD01 MMPD001 70 52 46 64 62
Moderate
Sederhana/
Padang Kota 7PD04 MMPD002 51 47 82 52 65
Moderate
Teluk Bahang* 7PD03 MMPD003 - - - 61 82 Baik/Good
Aman 7PR05 MMPR001 61 69 72 72 88 Baik/Good
Sederhana/
Jerejak 7PR06 MMPR002 54 68 46 57 65
Moderate
Terbaik/
Kendi 7PR07 MMPR003 67 72 76 83 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Rimau 7PR08 MMPR004 61 72 51 85 93
Excellent
Gedong 7PR09 MMPR005 57 66 71 63 86 Baik/Good

Perak Pulau/Island 7AR01 MMAR001 70 68 56 85 92
Gedong Excellent
Pantai Puteri Terbaik/
7AR02 MMAR002 50 68 79 92 94
Dewi Excellent
Terbaik/
Pangkor Laut 7AR03 MMAR003 66 63 52 89 92
Excellent

129
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Terbaik/
Perak Pulau/Island Sembilan 7AR04 MMAR004 70 63 58 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Tukun Perak 7AP05 MMAP001 73 62 69 93 93
Excellent
Selangor Pulau/Island Ketam 7BR01 MMBR001 93 54 93 88 89 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Angsa 7BR02 MMBR002 93 59 88 85 92
Excellent
Sederhana/
Lumut 7BR03 MMBR003 61 58 87 61 54
Moderate
Negeri Terbaik/
Pulau/Island Arang 7NP01 MMNP001 92 94 97 68 92
Sembilan Excellent
Melaka Pulau/Island Upeh (Point A) 7MR02 MMMR001 60 56 58 65 85 Baik/Good
Upeh (Point B) 7MR02 MMMR002 57 54 67 82 84 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Besar (Point A) 7MR01 MMMR003 64 62 70 89 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Besar (Point B) 7MR01 MMMR004 58 56 70 90 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Undan (Point A) 7MR03 MMMR005 58 54 77 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Undan (Point B) 7MR03 MMMR006 71 56 61 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Johor Pulau/Island Setindan 7JR01 MMJR001 88 89 89 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Babi Tengah 7JR02 MMJR002 89 89 89 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Dayang 7JM03 MMJM001 88 90 88 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Nanga Besar 7JM08 MMJM002 87 89 90 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sibu Tengah 7JM11 MMJM003 88 89 88 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pemanggil 7JM15 MMJM004 88 89 90 94 94
Excellent
Kukup 7JP17 MMJP001 81 87 83 91 87 Baik/Good
Terbaik/
Pisang 7JP18 MMJP002 87 89 86 93 93
Excellent
Tioman (Teluk Terbaik/
Pahang Pulau/Island 7CM02 MMCM001 85 76 78 92 94
Salang) Excellent
Tioman (Kg. Terbaik/
7CM01 MMCM002 85 83 85 94 94
Nipah) Excellent
Terbaik/
Tulai 7CM05 MMCM003 84 88 85 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Labas 7CM07 MMCM004 86 85 86 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Cebeh 7CM04 MMCM005 85 85 85 94 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sepui 7CM06 MMCM006 85 79 83 93 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sembilang 7CM08 MMCM007 85 58 75 93 94
Excellent

130
CHAPTER
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Terbaik/
Pahang Pulau/Island Seri Buat 7CM03 MMCM008 86 57 84 94 94
Excellent
Tokong Terbaik/
7CM09 MMCM009 85 75 86 93 94
Bahara Excellent
Terbaik/
Terengganu Pulau/Island Gemia 7TR01 MMTR001 66 58 64 89 94
Excellent
Perhentian Terbaik/
7TM04 MMTM001 69 59 63 89 94
Besar (South) Excellent
Perhentian Terbaik/
7TM05 MMTM002 69 57 62 90 94
Besar (West) Excellent
Perhentian Terbaik/
7TM06 MMTM003 70 59 61 90 94
Kecil Excellent
Redang Terbaik/
7TM07 MMTM004 72 58 78 90 94
(North) Excellent
Redang Terbaik/
7TM08 MMTM005 72 58 64 89 94
(South) Excellent
Terbaik/
Lang Tengah 7TM11 MMTM006 69 71 64 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pinang 7TM12 MMTM007 71 59 63 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Ekor Tebu 7TM13 MMTM008 69 60 63 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Lima 7TM14 MMTM009 73 59 64 90 94
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kapas 7TP16 MMTM010 67 58 76 90 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kelantan Pulau/Island Panjang 7DP01 MMDP001 67 65 66 88 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kundur 7DP02 MMDP002 70 63 65 89 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sarawak Pulau/Island Satang 7QP01 MMQP001 83 75 90 87 90
Excellent
Talang-Talang Terbaik/
7QP02 MMQP002 84 87 77 87 91
Kecil Excellent
Talang-Talang Terbaik/
7QP03 MMQP003 84 90 91 87 90
Besar Excellent
Terbaik/
Sabah Pulau/Island Gaya 7SR01 MMSR001 81 85 85 73 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Mabul 7SR03 MMSR002 53 71 82 87 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sipadan (N) 7SR04 MMSR003 58 70 84 88 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Sipadan (W) 7SR05 MMSR004 79 70 80 85 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Manukan 7SM09 MMSR005 80 84 82 70 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Tiga 7SR10 MMSR006 81 82 84 85 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Kapalai 7SR12 MMSR007 81 70 85 85 93
Excellent
Molleangan Terbaik/
7SR14 MMSR008 79 83 83 88 93
Besar Excellent
Terbaik/
Banggi (South) 7SR15 MMSR009 76 82 84 87 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Banggi (East) 7SR20 MMSR010 79 83 83 88 93
Excellent

131
BAB
04
NOMBOR NOMBOR
STATE AREA CATEGORY
NUMBER NUMBER
Terbaik/
Sabah Pulau/Island Balambangan 7SR16 MMSR011 77 84 83 88 93
Excellent
Mantanani Terbaik/
7SR21 MMSR012 83 82 83 85 93
Besar Excellent
Terbaik/
Sapi 7SM08 MMSM001 81 84 84 72 93
Excellent
Kalampunian Terbaik/
7SM11 MMSM002 84 83 81 86 93
Besar Excellent
Terbaik/
Selingan 7SP17 MMSP001 55 66 84 89 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Gulisan 7SP18 MMSP002 59 87 85 89 93
Excellent
Bakungan Terbaik/
7SP19 MMSP003 54 50 83 87 93
Kecil Excellent
Terbaik/
Labuan Pulau/Island Kuraman 7LM05 MMLM001 97 68 73 89 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Rusukan Besar 7LM07 MMLM002 94 66 50 91 93
Excellent
Terbaik/
Rusukan Kecil 7LM06 MMLM003 93 66 50 90 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Pohon Batu 7LD01 MMLD001 97 67 67 63 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Water Front 7LD02 MMLD002 97 64 76 66 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
LubukTemiang 7LD03 MMLD003 97 65 74 72 92
Excellent
Terbaik/
Ranca-Ranca 7LD04 MMLD004 91 66 52 91 92
Excellent
Nota/Note:

132
Jadual 4.7 : Stesen Marin dalam Kategori Tercemar dan Peratusan Sub-Indeks Mengikut Parameter
Table 4.7 : Marine Stations in Poor Category and Sub-Index Percantages by Parameter
NILAI
PERATUSAN SUB-INDEKS/SUB-INDEX PERCENTAGES (%)
IKAM/
NOMBOR MWQI
NOMBOR KATEGORI
KLASSIFIKASI STESEN VALUE
NEGERI/ KAWASAN/ STESEN BARU/ (2018)/ JUMLAH
STESEN/STATION LAMA/OLD AMONIA
STATE AREA NEW STATION CATEGORY OKSIGEN PEPEJAL MINYAK
CLASSIFICATION STATION (TIDAK
NUMBER (2018) TERLARUT/ FAECAL TERAMPAI/ DAN GRIS/ NITRAT/ FOSFAT/
NUMBER TERION)/
DISSOLVED COLIFORM TOTAL OIL AND NITRATE PHOSPHATE
2018 AMMONIA
OXYGEN SUSPENDED GREASE
(UNIONIZED)
SOLID
Kuala Tercemar/
5303904 MMPE002 47 44 89 10 89 79 84 19
Sungai Juru Poor
P.Pinang Kuala/Estuary

5204935 MMPE006 37 10 96 10 89 79 81 36
Tengah Poor

3013909 MMBE005 37 10 92 10 86 79 86 39
Klang Poor
Selangor Kuala/Estuary
Kuala Sungai
Tercemar/
Langat 2913903 MMBE006 39 10 97 10 90 79 74 63
Poor
(Lumut)

Johor Kuala/Estuary 1437919 MMJE001 32 10 90 10 94 79 43 20
Segget Poor

133
04
CHAPTER
BAB
04
Jadual 4.7 menunjukkan sebanyak Table 4.7 shows that 5 stations out of 85
5 stesen daripada 85 stesen kuala stations were categorized as polluted
dikategorikan sebagai stesen tercemar stations in 2018. Penang and Selangor
pada tahun 2018. Pulau Pinang dan recorded 2 polluted stations while
Selangor masing-masing merekodkan Johor recorded 1 polluted station with
2 stesen kuala yang tercemar a Marine Water Quality Index (IKAM)
manakala Johor merekodkan 1 stesen of 32 -47. The dissolved oxygen (DO),
kuala yang tercemar dengan julat faecal coliform (FC) and phosphate
Indeks Kualiti Air Marin (IKAM) dari 32- (PO4) are the main parameters that
47. Parameter oksigen terlarut (DO), have affected the value of the IKAM
faecal coliform (FC) dan fosfat (PO4) for all five power stations. In addition,
adalah parameter utama yang telah nitrate (NO3) were also found in the
memberi kesan terhadap nilai IKAM Kuala Sungai Segget stations in Johor
bagi kelima-lima stesen kuala tersebut. and Kuala Sungai Langat (Lumut) in
Selain itu, parameter nitrat (NO3) juga Selangor. Whereas oil and grease
didapati meningkat bagi stesen Kuala (O&G) parameters have a slight
Sungai Segget di Johor dan Kuala impact on the value of IKAM at stations
Sungai Langat (Lumut) di Selangor. in marine water quality monitoring
Manakala parameter minyak dan networks due to the readings / results
gris (O&G) kurang memberikan kesan of chemical analysis are reported
pada nilai IKAM di stesen dalam in the limit of reporting (LoR) which is
rangkaian pengawasan kualiti air the minimum reporting limit for O&G
marin disebabkan oleh nilai bacaan parameter analysis in laboratory.
/ keputusan analisis kimia sering In conclusion, the decline in marine
dilaporan pada limit of reporting water quality at kuala stations was
(LoR) iaitu had pelaporan yang paling found to be influenced by nutrients
minimum bagi analisis parameter O&G contaminated by landfill or agricultural
di makmal. Kesimpulannya, penurunan activities inland and also influenced
kualiti air marin di stesen kuala by the water circulation pattern which
didapati dipengaruhi oleh pencemar also contributes to the dynamic nature
nutrien yang berpunca daripada of these waters compared to coastal
aktiviti kumbahan atau pertanian and island type stations.
di daratan dan juga dipengaruhi
oleh corak peredaran air yang turut
menyumbang pada sifat dinamik
perairan ini berbanding stesen-stesen
jenis pantai dan pulau.

134
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04
STATUS STESEN-STESEN STATUS OF MARINE
KUALITI AIR MARIN WATER QUALITY STATIONS
Jadual 4.8 dan Jadual 4.9 menunjukkan Table 4.8 and Table 4.9 show the list
senarai stesen Pantai dan Kuala yang of coastal and estuaries stations that
mencapai kategori Terbaik bagi tahun indicated the Excellent Category in
2018. 2018.
Jadual 4.8 : Senarai Pantai Terbaik, 2018

Table 4.8 : List of Excellent Coastal, 2018
BIL/NO NEGERI/STATE KAWASAN/AREA
1 Terengganu Pantai Kelului
2 Terengganu Pantai Teluk Ketapang
3 Terengganu KIPC Utara
4 Terengganu Pantai Rhu 10
5 Terengganu Pantai Tanjung Bidara
6 Terengganu Pantai Teluk Kalong
7 Johor Pantai Desaru
8 Terengganu Pantai Kuala Abang
9 Johor Pantai Sri Pantai
10 Terengganu Pantai Rantau Abang
Jadual 4.9 : Senarai Kuala Kategori Terbaik, 2018

Table 4.9 : List of Excellent Estuaries, 2018
1 Terengganu Tioxide Utara (Kg. Bukit Kuang, Kijal)
2 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Paka
3 Terengganu Tioxide Tengah (Pupuk Semangat, Kijal)
4 Pahang Kuala Nenasi*
5 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Kemaman / Chukai
6 Terengganu Tioxide Selatan (KSB, T. Kalong)
7 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Setiu
8 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Ibai
9 Pahang Kuala Rompin Kecil
10 Terengganu Kuala Sungai Kerteh

135
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04
Stesen Pulau yang mencapai Kategori The islands that achieved the Excellent
Terbaik bagi tahun 2018 adalah seperti Category for Marine Water Quality
di Jadual 4.10. Index in 2018 are listed in Table 4.10.
Jadual 4.10 : Senarai Pulau Terbaik, 2018

Table 4.10 : List of Excellent Islands, 2018
1 Terengganu Gemia
2 Terengganu Lima
3 Terengganu Pinang
4 Terengganu Ekor Tebu
5 Pahang Tioman (Kg. Nipah)
6 Pahang Tioman (Teluk Salang)
7 Pahang Sembilang
8 Terengganu Lang Tengah
9 Pahang Labas
10 Pahang Cebeh

136
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04
Peta : Semenanjung Malaysia : Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin
Map : Peninsular Malaysia : Location of Marine Water Quality Stations
PETUNJUK/LEGEND:
PERLIS PANTAI/COASTAL
KATEGORI/CATEGORY
Terbaik/Excellent
Baik/Good
KEDAH Sederhana/Moderate
Tercemar/Poor
P.PINANG
KUALA/ESTUARY
KELANTAN KATEGORI/CATEGORY
TERENGGANU Terbaik/Excellent
Baik/Good
Sederhana/Moderate
PERAK
Tercemar/Poor
PULAU/ISLAND
KATEGORI/CATEGORY
PAHANG Terbaik/Excellent
SELANGOR Baik/Good
Sederhana/Moderate
K.LUMPUR Tercemar/Poor
PUTRAJAYA
NEGERI
SEMBILAN
MELAKA
JOHOR
Peta : Sabah & Sarawak : Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin
Map : Sabah & Sarawak : Location of Marine Water Quality Stations
PETUNJUK/LEGEND:
PANTAI/COASTAL
KATEGORI/CATEGORY
Terbaik/Excellent
Baik/Good
Sederhana/Moderate
Tercemar/Poor
KUALA/ESTUARY
KATEGORI/CATEGORY
Terbaik/Excellent SABAH
Baik/Good
Sederhana/Moderate
Tercemar/Poor
PULAU/ISLAND
KATEGORI/CATEGORY
Terbaik/Excellent
Baik/Good
Sederhana/Moderate
Tercemar/Poor
SARAWAK

137
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04
PENGAWASAN KUALITI CONTINUOUS MARINE
AIR MARIN BERTERUSAN WATER QUALITY
MONITORING
Rangkaian Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin The Continuous Marine Water Quality
Berterusan (CMWQM) ditubuhkan di Monitoring (CMWQM) network has
bawah Program Pengawasan Kualiti been established under Environmental
Alam Sekitar (EQMP) beroperasi untuk Quality Monitoring Programme (EQMP)
menyediakan data kualiti air marin to provide continuous marine water
secara berterusan bagi mengesan quality data to detect marine pollution
sebarang pencemaran marin, and potential land-based discharges
pelepasan daratan menggunakan using dissolved organic matter and
partikal organik terlarut dan chlorophyll-a as indicator. Salinity,
chlorophyll-a sebagai petunjuk. dissolved oxygen, temperature and
Kemasinan, oksigen terlarut, suhu dan pH are parameters that reflect the
pH adalah proksi yang menunjukkan influences of freshwater and seawater
tahap kebersihan dan pengaruh air at the station. CMWQM monitored
masin di stesen. CMWQM memantau two (2) river estuaries at Santubong
dua (2) kuala di Santubong dan and Tanjung Piai and five (5) Class 3
Tanjung Piai, lima (5) stesen pada Kelas stations mainly at Jetties and One (1)
3 diletakkan di jeti, satu (1) stesen pada Class 2 Station in 2018. The dissolved
Kelas 2 pada 2018. Oksigen terlarut oxygen monitored under the CMWQM
yang dipantau melalui CMWQM pada network in 2018 was ranging from 0.34%
tahun 2018 antara julat 0.34% hingga to 150.89% while salinity, temperature,
150.89%, manakala kemasinan, suhu, turbidity, conductivity, pH, total
kekeruhan, konduktiviti, pH, jumlah suspended solid, chlorophyll-a, fDOM,
pepejal terampai, chlorophyll-a, fDOM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phycoerythrin concentration was
dan phycoerythrin kepekatan masing- ranging from 16.4 ppt to 34.3 ppt, 25.8 oC
masing antara julat 16.4 ppt to 34.3 to 34.5 oC, 0 NTU – 2848 NTU, 29.6 mS/
ppt, 25.8 oC to 34.5 oC, 0 NTU – 2848 cm – 58.9 mS/cm, 6.75 – 9.37, 0 – 1278
NTU, 29.6 mS/cm – 58.9 mS/cm, 6.75 – mg/L, 0 – 108 µg/L, 0 -230 µg/L, 0 – 702
9.37, 0 – 1278 mg/L, 0 – 108 µg/L, 0 -230 µg/L and 0 – 189.4 µg/L, respectively.
µg/L, 0 – 702 µg/L and 0 – 189.4 µg/L.
Kepekatan bagi kebanyakan Concentration for most of the

parameter adalah pada tahap parameters recorded at the stations
semulajadi (ambien) dengan were typical of the nature taking into
mengambilkira potensi gangguan account of the potential disturbance
sedia ada di stesen yang ditetapkan. within the designated area. Among
Antara parameter yang dipantau the parameters monitored under the
di bawah rangkaian CMWQM, tiga CMWQM network, three (3) are listed
(3) parameter yang disenaraikan di under the Malaysia Marine Water Quality
bawah Standad dan Kriteria Kualiti Standards and Criteria; i.e. dissolved
Air Marin Malaysia iaitu oksigen oxygen, total suspended solids and
terlarut, jumlah pepejal terampai dan polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2018, all the parameters monitored the
Pada tahun 2018, semua stesen CMWQM stations met the stipulated
CMWQM telah memenuhi piawai standards with more than 99%
pematuhan 99%. Jumlah pepejal compliance. Total suspended solid
terampai dan polycyclic aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons meningkat secara spiked occasionally; most of these

138
CHAPTER
04
berkala, kebanyakan yang meningkat spiked were due to the nearby vessel
disebabkan aktiviti kapal dan maritim and maritime activities. These short
yang berdekatan. Keadaan jangka and sparse exceedances were not
pendek dan jarang berlaku ini tidak causing acute impacts on the marine
menyebabkan impak yang teruk ecosystem. CM01K at Langkawi,
kepada ekosistem marin. CM01K di CM05J at Tanjung Pengelih, CM09Q at
Langkawi, CM05J di Tanjung Pengelih, Bintulu Port, CM11Q at Santubong river
CM09Q di Pelabuhan Bintulu, CM11Q estuary and to a lesser extent, CM04J
di Santubong dan ke tahap yang at Tanjung Piai were receiving the
lebih rendah, CM04J di Tanjung Piai impacts from the coastal discharges
menerima impak dari pelepasan di while CM02M and CM03N were less
pantai manakala CM02M dan CM03N impacted by land base discharge. In
kurang dipengaruhi oleh pelepasan 2018, there were three (3) alerts triggered
dari daratan. Pada tahun 2018 juga, by PAHs in CM02M and CM03N. There
terdapat tiga (3) amaran pencemaran were two (2) alert at CM03N due to
yang dikesan di stesen CM02M dan PAHs in 2018. The status of the marine
CM03N. CM03N mengeluarkan amaran water quality monitored under the
dua (2) kali disebabkan oleh PAHs CMWQM network in 2018 is regarded
pada tahun 2018. Status kualiti air as good.
marin yang dipantau di bawah
CMWQM pada tahun 2018 dilihat
sebagai baik.
% TSS Non Conformance 2018 % PAHs Non Conformance

2018
CM11Q
CM10S
2
CM09Q
CM05J 1.8
CM04J 1.6
CM03N
CM02M 1.4
CM01K
1.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
1
% DO Non Conformance 2018 0.8
CM11Q 0.6
CM10S
CM09Q 0.4
CM05J
0.2
CM04J
CM03N 0
CM02M
C 1K
C M
C 3N
C 4J
C 5J
Q
C Q
C 0S
11
02
09
0
0
CM01K
0
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
0 5 10 15 20
Februari/February 28,2019 1:10,438,293

CM CMWQM Stesen/Stations 0 130 260 520 ml
CM CMWQM Stesen/Stations 0 210 420 840 km
Rajah 4.4 : Peratusan Ketidakpatuhan Parameter Berbanding dengan Standard Kualiti Air
Marin Malaysia di setiap Stesen.
Figure 4.4 : Percentage of Non-Conformance Parameters Compared with Malaysia Marine
Water Quality Standard by Station.

139
BAB
04
Peta : Semenanjung Malaysia : Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Berterusan
Map : Peninsular Malaysia : Location of Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations
PERLIS
KEDAH
P.PINANG
KELANTAN
TERENGGANU
PERAK
PAHANG
SELANGOR
K.LUMPUR
PUTRAJAYA
NEGERI
SEMBILAN
MELAKA
PETUNJUK/LEGEND: JOHOR
Stesen Automatik/
Automatic Station
Peta : Sabah & Sarawak : Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Kualiti Air Marin Berterusan
Map : Sabah & Sarawak : Location of Continuous Marine Water Quality Monitoring Stations
PETUNJUK/LEGEND:
Stesen Automatik/ SABAH
LABUAN
Automatic Station
SARAWAK

140
Inventori Punca
Pencemaran
Pollution Sources
Inventory
BAB
Chapter 5
141
BAB
05
PENGIRAAN BEBAN POLLUTION LOAD
PENCEMARAN CALCULATION
Pendahuluan Introduction
Beban pencemaran air ditakrifkan Water pollution load is define as

sebagai kepekatan bahan cemar concentration of pollutants carried
yang dibawa oleh jasad air pada by the water body at a given time.
sesuatu masa yang diberikan. Beban Pollution load is influenced by the water
pencemaran ini dipengaruhi oleh body flowrate and the pollutants’
faktor kadar alir jasad air tersebut dan concentration carried by the water
juga kepekatan bahan cemar yang body.
dibawa.
Beban pencemaran air adalah kriteria The water pollution load is one of
penting bertujuan untuk mengatur important criterion in planning and
strategi dan merancang tindakan strategizing the mode of action for
pencegahan dan mengawal pollution prevention and control.
pencemaran. Pelaksanaan kawalan The implementation of the pollution
beban pencemaran air adalah load control will enhance the river
usaha untuk meningkatkan kualiti air water quality in order to maintain the
sungai demi mengekalkan pelbagai beneficial use of river as a source of
kegunaan berfaedah sungai watersupply, recreation, aquaculture,
seperti sumber bekalan air, rekreasi, agriculture as well as to maintain the
ternakair (akuakultur), pertanian serta ecological system demand.
menampung keperluan sistem ekologi.
BEBAN PENCEMARAN WATER POLLUTION LOAD

AIR
Pada tahun 2018, anggaran pengiraan In the year 2018, the estimation of
beban pencemaran ditumpukan ke pollution load is focused on five (5)
atas lima (5) jenis punca pencemaran type of water pollution sources such as
air iaitu industri pembuatan, industri manufacturing industries, agricultural-
berasaskan pertanian, loji rawatan based industries, sewage treatment
kumbahan, ternakan babi dan pasar plant, piggery and wet market.
basah.
Sumber data industri pembuatan The source of data for manufacturing

dan industri berasaskan pertanian industries and agriculture-based
diperolehi daripada JAS negeri industries were provided by states
manakala bagi loji rawatan DOE while sewage treatment plant
kumbahan adalah daripada Indah data were obtained from Indah
Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. Data- Water Consortium Sdn. Bhd. All data
data berkaitan aktiviti ternakan regarding piggery were provided by
babi diperolehi daripada Jabatan Department of Veterinary Services and
Perkhidmatan Veterinar dan Pihak data on wet market were acquired
Berkuasa Tempatan membekalkan from Local Authority.
data bilangan pasar basah.

142
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05
Pengiraan beban pencemaran Assessment on pollution load is mainly
ditumpukan kepada tiga (3) focused on three (3) main parameters
parameter utama yang memberikan that show high impact on the water
kesan ketara kepada kualiti air sungai body namely Biochemical Oxygen
iaitu Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids (SS)
(BOD), Pepejal Terampai (SS) dan and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N).
Ammoniakal Nitrogen (NH3N).
Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Pada tahun 2018, anggaran In year 2018, a total estimation of 653

jumlah beban pencemaran BOD tonnes/day pollution load for BOD
terhasil adalah sebanyak 653 tan/ were generated. Sewage treatment
hari. Pelepasan daripada loji plants remained as the largest BOD-
kumbahan adalah penyumbang load contributor with a total load of 242
beban pencemaran BOD tertinggi tonnes/day (37%), followed by piggery
iaitu sebanyak 242 tan/hari (37%), activities which contributed 217 tonnes/
diikuti dengan aktiviti ternakan babi day (33.2%), manufacturing industries
menyumbang sebanyak 217 tan/hari 55 tonnes/day (8.4%), agriculture-
(33.2%), industri pembuatan 55 tan/hari based industries 133 tonnes/day (20.4
(8.4%), industri berasaskan pertanian %) and wet markets 6 tonnes/ day
133 tan/hari (20.4%) dan pasar basah (0.9%) Figure 5.1.
6 tan/hari (0.9%) (Rajah 5.1).
217 Tan/Hari (Ton/Day), 55 Tan/Hari (Ton/Day),

33.2% 8.4%
133 Tan/Hari (Ton/Day),

20.4%
Industri Pembuatan/
Manufacturing Industries
Industri Berasaskan Pertanian/

Agriculture- based Industries
Pasar Basah/Wet Market
Loji Kumbahan/
Sewage Treatment Plant
Ternakan Babi/Piggery
0.9%

37%
Rajah 5.1: Anggaran Beban BOD Mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2018
Figure 5.1: Estimation of BOD Load Based on Sources of Water Pollution, 2018
INVENTORI PUNCA PENCEMARAN

POLLUTION SOURCES INVENTORY
143
BAB
05
Beban Pepejal Terampai Suspended Solids Load
Pada tahun 2018, anggaran In year 2018, the overall estimation

penghasilan beban pencemaran of SS loads gave a total figure of 835
bagi SS adalah sebanyak 835 tan/hari, tonnes/day where the piggery activity
di mana aktiviti ternakan babi kekal remained as the largest contributor
sebagai penghasil beban SS utama with a total load of 450 tonnes/
sebanyak 450 tan/hari (54%), diikuti day (54%), followed by sewage
loji kumbahan sebanyak 303 tan/hari treatment plant 303 tonnes/day (36%),
(36%), industri berasaskan pertanian agriculture-based industries 39 tonnes/
39 tan/hari (5%), industri pembuatan day (5%) manufacturing industries 35
35 tan/hari (4%), dan pasar basah tonnes/day (4%), and wet market 8
8 tan/hari (1%) (Rajah 5.2). tonnes/day (1 %) ( Figure 5.2).
4%
5%
1%
Industri Pembuatan/

Loji Kumbahan/

450 Tan/Hari (Ton/Day), 36%
54%
Rajah 5.2: Anggaran Beban SS Mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2018

Figure 5.2: Estimation of SS Load Based on Sources of Water Pollution, 2018

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05
Beban Ammoniakal Nitrogen Ammoniacal Nitrogen Load
Pada tahun 2018, anggaran beban In year 2018, the NH3N load is estimated
pencemar NH3N adalah sebanyak to be a total of 205.3 tonnes/day
205.3 tan/hari di mana pelepasan in which sewage treatment plant
loji kumbahan adalah penyumbang remained as the largest contributor
terbesar beban NH3N dengan jumlah with a total load of 162 tonnes/day
sebanyak 162 tan/hari (79%), diikuti (79%), followed by piggery activity
aktiviti ternakan babi iaitu 27 tan/hari 27 tonnes/ day (13%), agriculture-
(13%), industri berasaskan pertanian based industries 11 tonnes/day (5%),
11 tan/hari (5%), industri pembuatan 5 manufacturing industries 5 tonnes/day
tan/hari (3%) dan pasar basah 0.3 tan/ (3%) and wet market 0.3 tonnes/day
hari (0.1%) (Rajah 5.3). (0.1%) ( Figure 5.3).
13%
3%
5%
Industri Pembuatan/

Loji Kumbahan/
0.3 Tan/Hari (Ton/Day),

0.1%
79%
Rajah 5.3: Malaysia; Anggaran Beban NH3N Mengikut Punca Pencemaran Air, 2018
Figure 5.3 : Malaysia; Assessment of NH3N Load Based on Sources of Water Pollution, 2018

145
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05
Beban Pencemaran Keperluan Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Oksigen Biokimia (BOD) Load (BOD) By States
Mengikut Negeri
Anggaran penghasilan beban BOD The estimation of BOD load generated

di Negeri Johor adalah tertinggi iaitu in the state of Johor was recorded to
sebanyak 190 tan/hari, diikuti negeri be the highest with a value of 190
Perak 119 tan/hari, Selangor 96 tan/ tonnes/day, followed by the state of
hari, Pulau Pinang 65 tan/hari, Sabah Perak 119 tonnes/day, Selangor 96
31 tan/hari dan Sarawak sebanyak tonnes/day, Penang 65 tonnes/day,
29 tan/hari. Beban BOD untuk lain-lain Sabah 31 tonnes/day and Sarawak
negeri termasuk Wilayah Persekutuan generated 29 tonnes/day. BOD load
Labuan dan Putrajaya adalah for the rest of the States including
kurang daripada 27 tan/hari. Beban Federal Territory of Labuan and
pencemar BOD mengikut negeri Putrajaya generated less than 27
(Rajah 5.4). tonnes/day. BOD pollution load based
on States (Figure5.4).
200
180
160
Tan/Hari (Ton/Day)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Johor
Perak
Selangor
Pulau Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Kedah
Melaka
Pahang
Kuala Lumpur
Negeri Sembilan
Terengganu
Labuan
Kelantan
Perlis
Putrajaya
Negeri/State
Industri Pembuatan/

Loji Kumbahan/
Rajah 5.4 : Taburan Anggaran Beban BOD dan Punca Pencemaran Air Mengikut Negeri,
2018
Figure 5.4 : Dispersions of BOD Load Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States,
2018

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05
Beban Pencemaran Pepejal Suspended Solids Load By State
Terampai Mengikut Negeri
Anggaran penghasilan beban SS di The estimation of SS load was

Negeri Perak adalah tertinggi dengan recorded highest in the State of Perak
jumlah sebanyak 197 tan/hari, diikuti with 197 tonnes/day, followed by the
Selangor 149 tan/hari, Johor 117 tan/ State of Selangor 149 tonnes/day,
hari, Pulau Pinang 108 tan/hari dan State of Johor 117 tonnes/day, State
Sabah 64 tan/hari. Lain-lain negeri of Penang 108 tonnes/day and Sabah
didapati menghasilkan kurang state 64 tonnes/day. Other States
daripada 55 tan/hari (Rajah 5.5). generated less than 55 tonnes/day
(Figure 5.5).
250
200
Tan/Hari (Ton/Day)
150
100
50
Putrajaya
Perak
Kuala Lumpur
Negeri Sembilan
Perlis
Sabah
Melaka
Terengganu
Johor
Pulau Pinang
Kedah
Pahang
Kelantan
Sarawak
Labuan
Selangor
Negeri/State
Industri Pembuatan/

Loji Kumbahan/
Rajah 5.5 : Taburan Anggaran Beban SS dan Punca Pencemaran Air Mengikut Negeri,
2018
Figure 5.5 : Dispersions of SS Load Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States,
2018

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05
Beban Pencemaran Ammoniakal Ammoniacal Nitrogen Load By
Nitrogen Mengikut Negeri State
Anggaran beban NH3N di negeri The state of Selangor recorded the

Selangor mencatatkan nilai tertinggi highest value of NH3N load compared
berbanding dengan negeri-negeri to other states with a value of 44 ton/
lain, iaitu sebanyak 44 tan/hari. Diikuti day. This is followed by State of Perak
negeri Perak 29 tan/hari, Johor 28 29 tonnes/day, Johor 28 tonnes/day.
tan/hari. Lain lain negeri didapati Other states generated less than
menyumbangkan kurang daripada 20 tonnes/day (Figure 5.6).
20 tan/hari (Rajah 5.6).
50
45
40
Tan/Hari (Ton/Day)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Selangor
Perak
Johor
Terengganu
Sabah
Pulau Pinang
Kuala Lumpur
Kedah
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang
Melaka
Sarawak
Kelantan
Labuan
Perlis
Putrajaya
Negeri/State
Industri Pembuatan/

Loji Kumbahan/
Rajah 5.6 : Taburan Anggaran Beban NH3N dan Punca Pencemaran Air Mengikut Negeri,
2018
Figure 5.6 : Dispersions of NH3N Load Assessment and Sources of Water Pollution by States,
2018

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05
PUNCA-PUNCA SOURCES OF AIR
PENCEMARAN UDARA POLLUTION
Peningkatan punca industri dan The increasing trend of industrial
bilangan kenderaan bermotor boleh sources and numbers of motor vehicles
menyebabkan pencemaran udara can cause severe air pollution if the
yang teruk jika pelepasan pencemar emission including smoke emission
termasuk pelepasan asap daripada from both sources were not effectively
kedua-dua aktiviti ini tidak dikawal controlled.
dengan berkesan.
Sehingga bulan Disember 2018, jumlah As of December 2018, a total of

punca industri yang melepaskan 13,524 industrial sources were emitting
bahan pencemar ke udara adalah air pollutants. The highest pollution
sebanyak 13,524. Bilangan punca sources were in Selangor (2,668:19.7%)
pencemar yang tertinggi adalah di followed by Johor (2,380:17.6%) and
Selangor (2668:19.7%) diikuti Johor Perak (1,545:11.4%) (Figure 5.7).
(2380:17.6%) dan Perak (1545:11.4%)
(Rajah 5.7).
3000
2668
2750
2380
2500
Number of Industrial Sources 2108
Bilangan Punca Industri 2018/
2250
2000
1750
1545 1367
1500 1345
1250
1002
1000
769
750
529 504
500 338 333 326 281
250
66 56 15
0
or
ak
ng
em h
Pa n
Lu g
ng ur
Ke nu
an
La a
an
Pu lis
a
ho
jay
ra
da
la
al han
r
p
ng
Pe
w
la
ga
na
nt
bu
Pe
bi
Jo
tra
Sa
Ke
ra
e
la
la
Pi
M
Sa
Se
re
a
iS
.P
.P
la
W
Te
W
er
Pu
Ku
eg
.P
N
Negeri/State
(Sumber: Sistem Inventori Pencemaran Alam Sekitar (SIMPAS), Jabatan Alam Sekitar)
(Sources: Environmental Pollution Inventory System (SIMPAS), Department of Environment)
Rajah 5.7 : Punca Pencemaran Udara Tertakluk Peraturan Udara Bersih Mengikut Negeri
untuk Tahun 2018
Figure 5.7 : Industrial Air Pollution Subjected to Clean Air Regulations for Year 2018

149
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Seperti tahun-tahun yang lepas, Similer to previous years, emission
pelepasan gas pencemar dari from motor vehicles remained as the
kenderaan bermotor merupakan major source of air pollution especially
punca utama yang menyumbang in urban areas. In 2018, there was
kepada pencemaran udara an overall increase in the number of
terutamanya di kawasan bandar. Pada motor vehicles registered. The number
tahun 2018, terdapat peningkatan of registered taxi and self-drive rental
bagi jumlah keseluruhan kenderaan car increased by 1.19%, followed by
bermotor yang didaftarkan. Bilangan increase of passenger cars 4.29%,
pendaftaran yang direkodkan motorcycles 4.03%, goods vehicles
bagi teksi dan kenderaan sewa 3.03%, and buses 1.52% compared
pandu sendiri meningkat sebanyak to 2017. The number of registered
1.19%, diikuti dengan peningkatan vehicles in Malaysia as reported by
kenderaan penumpang 4.29%, the Road Transport Department for
motosikal 4.03%, kenderaan barangan 2017 and 2018 is shown in Figure
3.03%, dan bas 1.52% berbanding 5.8. The number of in use vehicles or
pada tahun 2017. Pendaftaran active on the road also has shown an
kenderaan bermotor yang direkodkan overall increase in number (2.84%).
oleh Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan The number of passenger vehicles
pada tahun 2017 dan 2018 adalah has increased by 3.32%, goods
seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah vehicles increased by 5.30% and
5.8. Bilangan bagi kenderaan yang motorcycles increased by 1.85%, while
sedang digunakan dan yang masih other categories showed decreased
aktif juga meningkat jumlahnya number of vehicles active on the
secara keseluruhan (2.84%). Bilangan road. Taxis and self-drive rental car
bagi kenderaan penumpang, decreased by 2.21% and buses by
meningkat sebanyak 3.32%, 4.60% compared to 2017. (Figure 5.9).
kenderaan barang meningkat
sebanyak 5.30% dan motosikal
meningkat sebanyak 1.85%, manakala
kategori lain menurun. Bilangan teksi
menurun sebanyak 2.21% dan bas
4.60% jika dibandingkan dengan
tahun 2017 (Rajah 5.9).

150
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05
16,000,000 2017
Bilangan Kenderaan/Number of Vehicles 14,000,000 2018
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
Kereta Motosikal/ Bas/Buses Teksi & Kereta Kenderaan
Penumpang/ Motorcycles Sewa Pandu Barang/
Passenger Cars Sendiri/ Goods
Taxi and Vehicles
Self-Drive
Rental Car
2017 13,581,276 13,173,030 61,078 123,118 1,223,865
2018 14,189,693 13,725,918 62,022 124,599 1,262,064
Jenis Kenderaan/Type of Vehicles
(Sumber: Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan, Malaysia 2018)

(Source: Road Transport Department, Malaysia, 2018)
Rajah 5.8 : Bilangan Kenderaan Berdaftar Tahun 2017–2018

Figure 5.8 : Number of Registered Vehicles in 2017–2018
2017
12,000,000
Bilangan Kenderaan/Number of Vehicles
2018
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
Kereta Motosikal/ Kenderaan Teksi & Kereta Bas/Buses
Penumpang/ Motorcycles Barang/ Sewa Pandu
Passenger Cars Goods Sendiri/
Vehicles Taxi and
Self-Drive
Rental Car
2017 10,516,940 6,918,046 752,430 21,038 13,059
2018 10,878,081 7,048,313 794,514 20,583 12,485
Jenis Kenderaan/Type of Vehicles
(Sumber: Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan, Malaysia 2018)

(Source: Road Transport Department, Malaysia, 2018)
Rajah 5.9 : Bilangan Kenderaan Aktif Tahun 2017-2018

Figure 5.9 : Number of in Use Vehicles in 2017-2018

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BEBAN PENCEMARAN AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION
PENCEMAR UDARA LOAD
Beban Pencemaran Secara Overall Emission Load
Menyeluruh
Dianggarkan pada tahun 2018, It was estimated that in 2018 the overall
keseluruhan beban pencemaran yang accumulation of air pollutant emission
terkumpul bagi pencemar karbon load was 2,210,634 metric tonnes
monoksida (CO) adalah 2,210,634 of carbon monoxide (CO); 889,890
metrik tan; 889,890 metrik tan bagi metric tonnes of nitrogen oxides (NO2);
nitrogen dioksida (NO2); 257,457 metrik 257,457 metric tonnes of sulphur dioxide
tan bagi sulfur dioksida (SO2) dan (SO2) and 26,789 metric tonnes of
26,789 metrik tan bagi jirim zarahan particulate matter (PM). A comparison
(PM). Perbandingan keseluruhan of the combined air pollutants emission
beban pencemaran bagi tahun 2017 load in 2017 and 2018 were shown in
dan 2018 seperti ditunjukkan dalam Figure 5.10.
Rajah 5.10.
Beban pencemaran bagi CO Emission load for CO had increased in

meningkat pada tahun 2018 2018 compared to 2017 due to high
berbanding dengan 2017 disebabkan consumptions of fuel oil and coke
peningkatan penggunaan bahan which were used as fuels in industries
api minyak dan arang batu sebagai and, power and heat generation
bahan api dalam industri dan loji plants (Sources: National Energy
janakuasa (Sumber: National Energy Balance 2016). The increment in CO
Balance, 2016). Peningkatan adalah emission load was 4.1%, 3.4% for NO2
sebanyak 4.1% bagi beban pencemar emission load, increment of 17.7% for
CO, 3.4% bagi beban pencemar NO2, SO2 pollutant and PM,the increment
peningkatan sebanyak 17.7% bagi was11.8% compared to year 2017.
pencemar SO2 dan pencemar PM juga
menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak
11.8% berbanding dengan tahun 2017.
Beban Pencemaran (metrik tan)/
Emission Loading (metric tonnes)
2,400,000
2017
2,100,000
2018
1,800,000
1,500,000
1,200,000
900,000
600,000
300,000
CO NO2 SO2 PM
2017 2,123,281 860,390 218,700 23,964
2018 2,210,634 889,890 257,457 26,789
Pencemaran/Pollutant
(Sumber: Dari National Energy Balance 2016)

(Sources: From National Energy Balance 2016)
Rajah 5.10 : Beban Pencemaran Bahan Pencemar Udara dari Semua Punca, 2017-2018
Figure 5.10 : Air Pollutant Emission Load from All Sources, 2017-2018

152
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05
Punca Beban Pencemaran Emission Load by Sources
Loji janakuasa merupakan Power plants contributed the highest

penyumbang utama kepada beban SO2 emission load (55%), followed by
pencemar SO2 (55%), diikuti dengan other categories (31%), industries (8%)
lain-lain kategori (31%), industri (8%) and motor vehicles (6%) (Figure 5.11).
dan kenderaan bermotor (6%) (Rajah As for the PM, the highest contributors
5.11). Bagi beban pencemar PM were power plants (33%) followed
pula, penyumbang terbesar adalah by industries (31%), motor vehicles
daripada loji janakuasa (33%), industri (15%) and others (21%) (Figure 5.12).
(31%), diikuti kenderaan bermotor The highest contributors of NO2 were
(15%) dan lain-lain kategori (21%) power plants (66%) followed by motor
(Rajah 5.12). Penyumbang terbesar vehicles (25%), industries (7%), and
bagi NO2 adalah daripada loji others (2%) (Figure 5.13). However,
janakuasa (66%) diikuti kenderaan motor vehicles remained the highest
bermotor (25%), industri (7%) dan lain- contributor of CO (95.6%) (Figure
lain kategori (2%) (Rajah 5.13). Walau 5.14). ‘Others’ in the figures represent
bagaimanapun, kenderaan bermotor air pollutant sources from residential,
masih merupakan penyumbang commercial dan non-energy use.
terbesar kepada CO (95.6%) (Rajah
5.14). Punca-punca bagi kategori
‘Lain-lain’ yang dinyatakan di dalam
rajah-rajah adalah merupakan
pelepasan bahan pencemar udara
dari kawasan perumahan, komersial
dan penggunaan bukan tenaga.
14,682
6%
80,532
31%
142,216
20,027 55%
8%
2018
SO2
Kenderaan Bermotor/Motor Vehicle Industri/Industry
Loji Janakuasa/Power Station Lain-lain/Others
Rajah 5.11 : Punca Beban Pencemaran SO2 (Metrik Tan), 2018

Figure 5.11 : SO2 Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2018

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05
3,906
5,622
15%
21%
8,960
8,301 33%
31%
2018
PM
Rajah 5.12 : Punca Beban Pencemaran Jirim Zarahan (PM) (Metrik Tan), 2018
Figure 5.12 : Particulate Matter (PM) Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2018
14,757
59,115 2% 226,515
7% 25%
2018
NO2
589,503
66%
Kenderaan Bermotor/Motor Vehicle
Loji Janakuasa/Power Station
Rajah 5.13 : Punca Beban Pencemaran NO2 (Metrik Tan), 2018

Figure 5.13 : NO2 Emission Load by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2018

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05
80,940 9,151
3.7% 0.4% 6,606
0.3%
2,113,937
95.6%
2018
CO
Rajah 5.14 : Punca Pencemaran CO (Metrik Tan), 2018

Figure 5.14 : CO Emission by Sources (Metric Tonnes), 2018
Anggaran pencemaran yang The estimated annual air pollutants

dihasilkan oleh beban pencemaran emission load of HC, CO, PM, NO2 and
udara daripada kenderaan bermotor SO2, from motor vehicles for year 2017
iaitu HC, CO, PM, NO2 dan SO2 pada and 2018 is shown in Figure 5.15. In
tahun 2017 dan 2018 ditunjukkan 2018, the emission load of HC and CO
dalam Rajah 5.15. Pada tahun 2018, were estimated to be 465,527 metric
beban pencemaran HC dan CO tonnes and 2,113,937 metric tonnes,
dianggarkan 465,527 metrik tan dan respectively. For year 2018, there
2,113,937 metrik tan masing-masing. were an increase of 2.8% and 4.1% of
Terdapat peningkatan sebanyak 2.8% HC and CO emission load compared
dan 4.1% bagi beban pencemaran to 2017. The increment was closely
HC dan CO jika dibandingkan related to the increase in the number
dengan tahun 2017. Peningkatan of active petrol-powered motor
beban pencemar HC dan CO dari vehicles in 2018. The downtrend for PM
kenderaan bermotor ini adalah berkait pollution load from motor vehicles was
rapat dengan peningkatan bilangan 0.9% in 2018 compared to 2017 due
kenderaan motor berenjin petrol yang to the decreased of vehicles for diesel-
aktif digunakan pada tahun 2018. powered vehicles. The SO2 pollution
Tren penurunan sebanyak 0.9% dapat load was estimated to be 14,681 metric
dilihat bagi beban pencemaran PM tonnes in 2018 compared to 14,390.13
daripada kenderaan motor pada metric tonnes in 2017 (an increase of
tahun 2018 berbanding tahun 2017 2.0%); NO2 emissions were estimated to
berikutan bilangan kenderaan yang be 226,515.37 metric tonnes compared
aktif bagi kenderaan berenjin diesel with 222,036.96 metric tonnes in 2017
menurun. Beban pencemar SO2 (an increase of 2.0%). The increase of
dianggarkan sebanyak 14,681.98 NO2 and SO2 from motor vehicles in
metrik tan pada tahun 2018 2018 were related to the increase of

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05
berbanding 14,390.13 metrik tan pada registered vehicles with Road Transport
tahun 2017 (peningkatan sebanyak Department Malaysia (RTD) by 4.27%.
2.0%) dan NO2 sebanyak 226,515.37 While PM emissions were estimated to
metrik tan berbanding 222,036.96 be 3,905.58 metric tonnes compared
metrik tan pada 2017 (peningkatan to 3,941.01 metric tonnes in year 2017.
sebanyak 2.0%). Peningkatan NO2
dan SO2 dari kenderaan motor pada
tahun 2018 adalah berkaitan dengan
peningkatan kenderaan berdaftar
dengan Jabatan Pengangkutan
Jalan Malaysia (JPJ) sebanyak 4.27%.
Manakala PM sebanyak 3,905.58
metrik tan berbanding 3,941.01 metrik
tan pada tahun 2017.
2017
2018
2,500,000.00
2,000,000.00
Beban Pencemaran (metrik tan)/
Emission Loading (metric tonnes)
1,500,000.00
1,000,000.00
500,000.00
PM SO2 NO2 HC CO
Parameter/Parameter
Rajah 5.15 : Beban Pencemar Udara dari Kenderaan Bermotor, 2017-2018

Figure 5.15 : Air Pollutant Emission Load from Motor Vehicles, 2017-2018

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05
INVENTORI BUANGAN SCHEDULED WASTES
TERJADUAL INVENTORY
Pada tahun 2018 sebanyak In 2018, a total of 2,355,085.21 metric
2,355,085.21 tan metrik buangan tonnes of scheduled wastes were
terjadual telah dihasilkan. Ini mewakili generated. This represents an overall
peningkatan keseluruhan sebanyak increase of 16.75% as compared to
16.75% berbanding 2,017,280.76 2,017,280.76 metric tonnes reported
tan metrik yang dilaporkan pada in 2017. The main categories of the
2017. Buangan gipsum, dros/sanga/ total waste generated was gypsum,
klinker/abu dan enapcemar logam dross/slag/clinker/ash, and heavy
berat merupakan kategori utama metal sludge (Table 5.1). The state of
dalam kategori buangan yang Perak generated the largest amount
dihasilkan (Jadual 5.1). Negeri Perak of scheduled wastes (20.7%), followed
telah menghasilkan jumlah terbesar by Johor (17.9%), Terengganu (16.2%),
buangan terjadual (20.7%), diikuti oleh Selangor (12.9%), Pahang (11.0%),
Negeri Johor (17.9%), Terengganu whilst the other ten states generated a
(16.2%), Selangor (12.9%), Pahang total of 21.3%( Figure 5.16).
(11.0%), manakala 10 negeri-negeri
yang lain menghasilkan sebanyak 21.3
(Rajah 5.16).
Sebanyak 406,565.96 tan metrik A total of 406,565.96 metric tonnes

(17.26%) daripada jumlah buangan (17.26%) of waste were being recovered
yang dihasilkan diperoleh kembali locally and abroad. This showed a
di dalam dan luar negara. Ini decrease of 38.54% compared to
menunjukkan penurunan sebanyak 661,557.87 metric tonnes in 2017. A total
38.54% berbanding 661,557.87 tan of 393,245.21metric tonnes (16.70%)
metrik pada tahun 2017. Daripada of scheduled wastes were recovered
jumlah itu, 393,245.21 tan metrik at local off-site facilities and 13,320.76
(16.70%) daripada buangan terjadual metric tonnes (0.57%) were granted
yang diperolehkembali di kemudahan export approval for recovery at foreign
pemerolehan kembali luar tapak facilities abroad.
tempatan dan 13,320.76 tan metrik
(0.57%) telah diberi kebenaran
eksport untuk pemerolehan kembali di
kemudahan di luar negara.

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Jadual 5.1 : Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan Mengikut Kod Buangan Terjadual, 2018
Table 5.1 : Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Scheduled Waste Code, 2018
KUANTITI BUANGAN/QUANTITY OF WASTE

BIL/ NAMA BUANGAN/ KOD BUANGAN/
NO NAME OF WASTE WASTE CODE (MT/TAHUN)/ PERATUSAN (%)/
(MT/YEAR) PERCENTAGE (%)
1. Gipsum/Gypsum SW 205 823,561.73 34.97
Dros/Sanga/Klinker/Abu
2. SW 104 738,316.48 31.35
(Dross/Slag/Clinker/Ash)
Enap Cemar Logam Berat/Heavy Metal

3. SW 204 268,521.22 11.40
Sludges
Minyak Pelincir Terpakai/Spent Lubricating

4. SW 305 100,335.95 4.26
oil
Emulsi Minyak Mineral-Air Terpakai/Spent

5. SW 307 37,326.39 1.58
Mineral Oil-Water Emulsion
6. Asid Terpakai/Spent Acids SW 206 35,959.65 1.53
Buangan Minyak atau Enap Cemar

7. SW 311 32,769.19 1.39
Berminyak/Waste Oil or Oily Sludges
Campuran Buangan Terjadual & Buangan

8. Tidak Terjadual/Mixture of Scheduled SW 422 31,871.01 1.35
Waste & Non-Scheduled Waste
Buangan Patogenik/Klinikal
9. SW 404 30,757.04 1.31
(Pathogenic Clinical Waste)
Buangan Getah atau Lateks yang

10. Mengandungi Logam Berat/Rubber or SW 321 29,879.59 1.27
Latex Waste Containing Heavy Metal
Buangan Pelarut Organic Bukan

11. Terhalogen/Waste of Non-Halogenated SW 322 25,512.71 1.08
Solvent
12. Bekas Tercemar/Used Container SW 409 23,945.09 1.02
13. Buangan Elektronik/E-Waste SW 110 18,007.44 0.76
14. Enap Cemar Mineral/Mineral Sludges SW 427 16,820.10 0.71
Kain Buruk, Plastik, Kertas atau Turas

15. Tercemar/Rags, Plastics, Papers SW 410 15,124.45 0.64
Contaminated with Scheduled Waste
Buangan Dakwat dan Cat/Waste of Inks

16. SW 417 14,711.21 0.62
and Paints
Tanah/Puing Tercemar/Contaminated
17. SW 408 8,784.85 0.37
Land/Oil
18. Campuran Minyak-Air/Oil-Water Mixture SW 309 7,686.97 0.33
Enap Cemar dari Tangki Minyak/Oil

19. SW 308 7,327.43 0.31
Tankers Sludges
Enap Cemar Dakwat dan Cat/Ink and

20. SW 416 6,874.24 0.29
Paints Sludges
Sisa dari Pengolahan atau Pemerolehan

21. Kembali Buangan Terjadual/Residue from SW 501 6,739.99 0.29
Recovery
Minyak/Enapcemar daripada Loji

22. Penapisan Minyak/Oil/Sludges from Oil SW 314 6,649.48 0.28
Refinery
Enap Cemar yang Mengandungi Fluorida/

23. SW 207 6,261.81 0.27
Sludge Containing Fluoride
Klinker, Sanga dan Abu dari Penunu

24. Buangan Terjadual/Clinker, Slag, Ashes SW 406 5,652.50 0.24
from Incinerator
25. Alkali Terpakai/Spent Alkalis SW 401 5,570.31 0.24

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05

26. Buangan Mangkin/Waste Catalyst SW 202 5,551.06 0.24
27. Buangan Kimia/Lab Waste SW 429 4,075.21 0.17
Produk Dakwat, Cat, Pigmen atau Lakuer

yang Tidak Mengikut Spesifikasi yang
28. Mengandungi Pelarut Organik/Discarded SW 418 4,034.26 0.17
of Ink, Paint, Pigment, Lacquer Containing
Organic Solvent
Campuran Buangan Terjadual/Mixture of
29. SW 421 3,856.07 0.16
Scheduled Waste
30. Asid Organik Terpakai/Spent Organic Acids SW 301 3,744.84 0.16
Buangan Pelarut Organik Terhalogen/

31. SW 323 3,293.84 0.14
Waste of Halogenated Solvents
Karbon Teraktif Terpakai/Contaminated

32. SW 411 2,835.94 0.12
Active Carbon
Enap Cemar dari Tangki Penyimpanan

33. Minyak Mineral/Sludges from Mineral Oil SW 310 2,453.91 0.10
Storage Tank
34. Minyak Hidraulik Terpakai/Spent Hydraulic Oil SW 306 2,391.91 0.10
Buangan Bateri Asid Plumbum/Waste of

35. SW 102 2,191.84 0.09
Acid Lead Batteries
Buangan Resin yang Mengandungi

36. Pelarut Organik/Waste of Resin Containing SW 325 1,900.42 0.08
Organic
37. Buangan Cecair Terma/Waste of Thermal Fluids SW 327 1,789.88 0.08
Sisa Berminyak dari Bengkel Automotif/Oily

38. SW 312 1,678.91 0.07
Residue from Workshop
Alkali Terpakai dengan Ph ≥ 11.5/Spent
39. SW 402 1,632.05 0.07
Alkalis with PH > 11.5
Buangan Mengandungi Merkuri/Waste

40. SW 109 1,489.20 0.06
Containing Mercury or Compound
Buangan Pelekat atau Glu yang

41. Mengandungi Pelarut Organik/Adhesive or SW 303 1,398.67 0.06
Glue Containing Organic Solvent
Buangan Bateri yang Mengandungi

42. Cadmium dan Nikel/Waste of Batteries SW 103 1,147.63 0.05
Containing Cadmium, Hg and Lithium
43. Buangan Fotografi/Photographic Waste SW 423 964.88 0.04
Larutan Alkali Berair Terpakai yang

44. Mengandungi Sianida/Spent Aqueous SW 414 783.62 0.03
Alkaline Containing Cyanide
45. Buangan Asbestos/Asbestos SW 201 570.78 0.02
Tar atau Sisa Bertar dari Loji Penapisan

46. Minyak/Tar Residue from Oil Refinery/ SW 315 439.39 0.02
Petrochemical Plant
47. Buangan Makmal/Chemical Waste SW 430 370.27 0.02
48. Dadah Terbuang/Expired Drug SW 403 267.02 0.01
Tanah yang Dicemari dengan Minyak

daripada Penapisan Semula Minyak
49. SW 313 245.77 0.01
Pelincir Terpakai/Contaminated Oil from
Re-Refining/Used Lubricating Oil
50. Buangan Farmaseutikal/Discarded Drug SW 405 224.70 0.01
Buangan Mengandungi Formaldehid/

51. SW 320 192.91 0.01
Waste Containing Formaldehyde

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05

Buangan Sisa Penyulingan Tidak Berair
Terhalogen atau Bukan Terhalogen/Waste
52. of Halogenated or Unhalogenated Non- SW 324 173.09 0.01
Aqueous Distillation Residues Arising from
Organic Solvents Recovery Process
Enap Cemar yang Distabilkan/Stabilized
53. SW 203 125.95 0.01
Sludges
54. Buangan Fluks/Flux Waste SW 302 91.55 0.00
Sisa dari Pemerolehan Kembali Likuor
55. Penjerukan Asid/Residue from Recovery of SW 106 74.00 0.00
Acid Pickling Liquor
56. Buangan Racun Perosak/Pesticide SW 425 39.83 0.00
Produk Racun Perosak yang Tidak

57. Mengikut Spesifikasi/Used Pesticide/ SW 426 36.95 0.00
Herbicides/Biocides
Buangan Fenol/Waste of Phenols/Its

58. SW 319 15.20 0.00
Compound
Buangan yang Mengandungi Peroksida/

59. SW 432 13.97 0.00
Waste Containing Peroxides
Agen Pengoksidaan Terpakai/Spent
60. SW 424 8.70 0.00
Oxidizing Agent
61. Enap Cemar Asid/Acid Sludges SW 316 6.32 0.00
Buangan yang Mengandungi Arsenik/

62. SW 101 2.68 0.00
Waste Containing Arsenic
63. Diisosianat Terpakai/Spent di-Isocyanates SW 419 2.24 0.00
Sebatian Organologam Terpakai/Spent of

64. SW 317 0.80 0.00
Organometallic Compound
Buangan yang Mengandungi BFT dan TFT/

65. SW 318 0.74 0.00
Waste Containing PCB or PCT
Garam Terpakai yang Mengandungi

66. SW 413 0.36 0.00
Sianida/Spent Salt Containing Cyanide
67. Sisa dari Pemprosesan Zink/Zink Residue SW 108 0.35 0.00
68. Sanga Kuprum/Slag of Copper SW 107 0.29 0.00
Buangan Sebatian Fosforus Organik/

69. SW 326 0.18 0.00
Waste of Organic Phosphorus Compound
Minyak Pelindapan Terpakai yang
70. Mengandungi Sianida/Spent Quenching SW 415 0.14 0.00
Oil Containing Cyanide
Buangan yang Mengandungii Dioksin atau
71. SW 407 0.05 0.00
Furan/Waste Containing Dioxins or Furans
72. Enap Cemar Galvani/Galvanic Sludges SW 105 - 0.00
Kek Tekan daripada Prapengolahan Lai

73. Sabun Gliserol/ Cake from Glycerol Soap SW 304 - 0.00
Lye
Enap Cemar yang Mengandungi Sianida/
74. SW 412 - 0.00
Sludges Containing Cyanide
Larutan Resap dari Tapak Pelupusan
75. Buangan Terjadual/Leachate from SW 420 - 0.00
Scheduled Waste Landfill
Buangan daripada Opearsi Pengawetan

76. Kayu/Waste from Wood Containing Heavy SW 428 - 0.00
Metals
Buangan dari Pengilangan Bahan
77. Letupan/Waste from Manufacturing/ SW 431 - 0.00
Processing or Use of Explosive
JUMLAH/TOTAL 2,355,085.21 100.00

160
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05
Kelantan 2,452.92 (0.1%)
Perlis 2,536.48 (0.1%)
W.P Labuan 3,716.72 (0.2%)
W.P.K.L 11,839.82 (0.5%)
Sabah 17,267.50 (0.7%)
Kedah 40,435.56 (1.7%)

Negeri/State
Melaka 57,588.34 (2.4%)
P.Pinang 98,883.56 (4.2%)
Sarawak 126,534.26 (5.4%)
N.Sembilan 140,980.93 (6.0%)
Pahang 258,825.15 (11.0%)
Selangor 302,998.24 (12.9%)
Terengganu 382,270.46 (16.2%)
Johor 421,846.69 (17.9%)
Perak 486,908.58 (20.7%)
50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000
Jumlah (Metrik Tan)/Total (Metric Tonne)
Rajah 5.16 : Penghasilan Buangan Terjadual Mengikut Negeri, 2018

Figure 5.16 : Distribution of Scheduled Waste Generated by State, 2018
Sebanyak 219,350.72 tan metrik A total of 219,350.72 metric tonnes

(9.31%) daripada jumlah buangan (9.31%) of scheduled waste were
terjadual yang dihasilkan, dirawat dan treated for final disposal at Kualiti Alam
dilupuskan untuk pelupusan akhir, iaitu Sdn. Bhd., 175,707.17 MT, Trienekens
di Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd (175,707.17 (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd. (12,886.50 MT)
MT), Trienekens (Sarawak) Sdn. Bhd and 30,757.04 metric tonnes of clinical
(12,886.50 MT) dan 30,757.04 tan wastes were managed at licensed off-
metrik daripada buangan klinikal telah site facilities (Table 5.2). The amount
dibakar dan dilupuskan di kemudahan showed an increase of 26.59% from
luar tapak yang dilesenkan a total of 173,276.67 metric tonnes of
(Jadual 5.2). Jumlah ini menunjukkan scheduled waste disposed in 2017.
peningkatan sebanyak 26.59% A sum of 576,861.73 metric tonnes
daripada sejumlah 173,276.67 tan (24.29%) of scheduled waste were
metrik buangan berjadual dilupuskan treated on-site; while 272,462.77 metric
pada tahun 2017. Sebanyak 576,861.73 tonnes (11.57%) were stored on-site at
tan metrik (24.49%) daripada buangan waste generators’ premises (Table 5.3).
terjadual terhasil telah diolah di
tapak; manakala 272,462.77 tan
metrik (11.57%) telah distor di premis
pengeluar buangan (Jadual 5.3).

161
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05
Jadual 5.2 : Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan Mengikut Jenis Industri, 2018
Table 5.2 : Quantity of Scheduled Wastes Generated by Industry, 2018
JUMLAH BUANGAN/QUANTITY OF WASTE

BIL/
JENIS INDUSTRI/TYPE OF INDUSTRIES
NO (MT/TAHUN)/ PERATUSAN (%)/
1. Loji Janakuasa/Power Plant 701,868.47 29.80
2. Premis Buangan Terjadual/Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities 538,152.00 22.85
3. Industri Kimia/Chemical Industry 327,965.81 13.93
4. Loji Rawatan Air/Water Treatment Plant 109,193.53 4.64
5. Bengkel/Workshop 105,625.96 4.49
6. Elektrik dan Elektronik/Electric and Electronic 99,661.39 4.23
7. Pengilangan Logam/Metal Refinery 79,207.98 3.36
8. Penapisan Petroleum/Petroleum Refinery 59,707.53 2.54
9. Lain-lain/Others 50,932.77 1.23
10. Fabrikasi Logam/Metal Fabrication 48,903.12 2.08
11. Galian Bukan Logam/Excavation Non Metal 41,467.03 1.76
12. Penyudahan Logam dan Sadur Elektrik/Metal Finishing and Coating 35,678.23 1.51
13. Kenderaan/Vehicle 31,965.04 1.36
14. Perubatan/Health Care Services 30,727.04 1.30
15. Kertas/Paper 18,033.29 0.77
16. Berasaskan Getah/Rubber Base 11,056.61 0.47
17. Jentera/Machinery 10,127.49 0.43
18. Berasaskan Kayu/Wood Base 8,009.45 0.34
19. Kilang Kelapa Sawit/Palm Oil Mill 6,803.83 0.29
20. Plastik/Plastic 5,660.57 0.24
21. Percetakan/Printing 5,080.37 0.22
22. Penapisan Minyak Makan/Edible Oil Refinery 5,000.11 0.21
23. Pertanian/Agriculture 4,877.50 0.21
24. Perlombongan/Mining 4,785.74 0.20
25. Makanan & Minuman/Food & Drink 4,504.96 0.19
26. Tekstil/Textiles 1,923.56 0.08
27. Gudang/Warehouse 1,842.00 0.08
28. Simen/Cement 1,475.23 0.06
29. Kuari/Quarry 1,451.71 0.06
30. Pembuatan Payung dan Lain-lain Industri Pembuatan/Others Manufacturing 959.12 0.04
31. Kilang Getah/Rubber Factory 732.77 0.03
32. Peralatan Sukan dan Permainan/Sports Equipment and Games 398.15 0.02
33. Peralatan Pejabat dan Alat Tulis/Office Supplies and Stationery 359.66 0.02
34. Hotel/Hotel 263.24 0.01
35. Perkhidmatan/Services 236.10 0.01
36. Kulit/Leather 99.28 0.00
Loji Pengolahan Kumbahan (IWK, Majari, PBT)/ Sewage Treatment Plant
37. 94.78 0.00
(IWK,Majari,PBT)
38. Rokok Dan Tembakau/Cigarettes and Tobacco 70.59 0.00
39. Loji Pengolahan Kumbahan Persendirian/Private Sewage Treatment Plant 60.31 0.00
40. Makanan Ternakan/Livestock Food 52.01 0.00
41. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah/Sanitary Landfill 49.81 0.00
42. Perikanan/Fishery 17.47 0.00
43. Kilang Padi/Rice Mill 3.60 0.00
JUMLAH/TOTAL 2,355,085.21 100.00

162
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05
3.50
3.28
2.97 2.92
3.50
2.85
2.77
Metrik Tan X 106/Metric Tonne X 106
2.50 2.35
2.36
2.02
2.00
1.92
1.37 1.46
1.50
1.36 1.38
1.38 1.33 1.16
1.00 1.12 0.91

1.08 1.04 1.10
0.79 0.82
0.50 0.63
0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09

0.06 0.06 0.06
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Tahun/Year
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dihasilkan/Total Hazardous Waste Generated
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Mengaplikasi 4R/Quantity of Hazardous Waste Managed Using 4R
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dilupuskan Menggunakan Penunu Bungan Terjadual/

Quantity of Hazardous Waste Dispose by Incinerator
Jumlah Buangan Terjadual yang Dilupuskan Di Tapak Pelupusan/Quantity of Hazardous Waste

Dispose at Landfill
Rajah 5.17 : Trend Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual, 2011-2018

Figure 5.17 : The Trend of Scheduled Waste Management, 2011-2018
Jadual 5.3 : Kemudahan yang Mengendalikan Buangan Terjadual, 2018

Table 5.3 : Facilities Handling Scheduled Wastes, 2018
BIL/ (MT/TAHUN)/ PERATUSAN (%)/

KEMUDAHAN/FACILITIES
NO (MT/YEAR) PERCENTAGE (%)
1. Pengurusan Khas/Special Waste Management 879,844.03 37.36
2. Pengolahan Dalam Tapak/On-Site Treatment 576,861.73 24.49
Kemudahan Pemerolehan Kembali Luar Tapak Tempatan/
3. 393,245.21 16.70
Local Off-site Recovery Facilities
4. Penstoran Dalam Tapak/On-Site Storage 272,462.77 11.57
5. Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd 175,707.17 7.46
Kemudahan Buangan Klinikal (Penunu Buangan Klinikal,
Gelombang Mikro dan Tapak Pelupusan Selamat)/
6. 30,757.04 1.31
Off-site Clinical Waste Facilities (Incinerator, Microwave and
Secured Landfill)
7. Kemudahan Luar Negara (Export )/Foreign Facilities (Export) 13,320.76 0.57
8. Trienekens (Sarawak ) Sdn Bhd 12,886.50 0.55
JUMLAH/TOTAL 2,355,085.21 100.00

163
BAB
05
Daripada jumlah buangan terjadual Out of the total scheduled wastes
yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2018, produced in 2018, 879,844.03 metric
879,844.03 tan metrik (37.36%) telah tonnes (37.36%) were granted
diberi kelulusan bersyarat di bawah conditional approval to be managed
pengurusan khas seperti yang under special management as
ditetapkan di bawah Peraturan 7, stipulated under Regulation 7,
Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling Environmental Quality (Scheduled
(Buangan Terjadual), 2005 (Jadual 5.4). Wastes) Regulations, 2005 (Table 5.4).
Jumlah ini merupakan peningkatan The amount represented an increase of
sebanyak 72.45% berbanding 72.45% as compared to 510,206.65 metric
510,206.65 tan metrik pada tahun 2017. tonnes in 2017. These waste streams
Kebanyakan buangan dihasilkan dari are mostly generated from coal-fired
loji jana kuasa arang batu (70.72%), power plant (70.72%), sludges from
enap cemar daripada kemudahan drinking water treatment facilities
rawatan air minuman (11.78%) dan (11.78%) and others (17.50%).
lain-lain (17.50%) .
Kategori buangan terjadual yang The categories of wastes sent to the

dihantar ke premis berlesen (Kualiti licensed premises (Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd
Alam Sdn Bhd dan Trinekens (Sarawak) and Trienekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd) for
Sdn Bhd) untuk pelupusan akhir final disposal are sludge containing
adalah seperti enapcemar yang one or several heavy metals, mixed
mengandungi satu atau beberapa wastes, dust/ slag/ dross or ash
logam berat, campuran buangan containing arsenic/ mercury and spent
terjadual, debu/sanga/dros atau abu inorganic acid. Such wastes were
yang mengandungi arsenik/merkuri either incinerated, treated physically
dan asid bukan organik terpakai. and chemically, solidified or disposed
Buangan tersebut sama ada dibakar, off in secured landfill depending on
dirawat secara fizikal dan kimia, their characteristics. Most wastes sent
distabilkan atau dilupuskan di tapak to Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd and Trienekens
pelupusan selamat bergantung Sdn Bhd were landfilled (53.2%),
kepada ciri-ciri tertentu.Kebanyakan followed by incinerated (35.4%),
sisa dihantar ke Kualiti Alam Sdn solidified (7.1%) and treated physically
Bhd dan Trienekens Sdn Bhd adalah and chemically (4.3%) (Figure 5.18)
ke tapak pelupusan (53.2%), diikuti
dibakar (35.4%), solidifikasi (7.1%) dan
rawatan secara fizikal dan kimia (4.3%)
(Rajah 5.18).

164
CHAPTER
05
Jadual 5.4 : Buangan Terjadual yang Diuruskan Di Bawah Pengurusan Khas, 2018
Table 5.4 : Generated Scheduled Waste Managed Under Special Management, 2018
KOD PERATUSAN
KATEGORI METRIK TAN/
BIL/ BUANGAN/ SUMBER/ (%)/ KAEDAH PELUPUSAN/
BUANGAN/WASTE METRIK
NO WASTE SOURCES PERCENTAGE METHOD OF DISPOSAL
CATEGORY TONNES
CODE (%)
Loji Janakuasa
Elektrik/Coal-Fired 622,210.70 70.72
Guna semula sebagai bahan
Fly Ash & Bottom Power Plant
1. SW 104 mentah pembuatan produk/
Ash
Reuse as raw material for product
Industri/Industry 80,862.74 9.19
Loji Rawatan
Air Minuman/ Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari/
103,663.99 11.78
Drinking Water Sanitary Landfill
Treatment Plant
Enap Cemar Logam
Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari/
2. Berat/Heavy Metal SW 204 16,101.22 1.83
Sanitary Landfill
Sludge
Industri/Industry
mentah pembuatan produk/
47,244.05 5.37
Sanitary Landfill
Abu dari Guna semula sebagai bahan
Enapcemar Kertas/ mentah pembuatan produk/
3. SW 406 Industri/Industry 4,696.09 0.53
Ash of Paper Reuse as raw material for product
Sludge Sanitary Landfill
Enap Cemar Gunasemula sebagai agen
4. Mineral/ Mineral SW 427 Industri/Industry 2,833.53 0.32 peneutralan/ Reuse as
Sludge neutralizing agent
Buangan yang
Mengandungi
Formaldehid,
Resin, Serbuk
SW 320, Tapak Pelupusan Sanitari/
5. Epoksi Terbuang/ Industri/Industry 1,158.01 0.13
325, 418 Sanitary Landfill
Waste Containing
Formaldehyde,
Resin, Discarded
Epoxy Powder
Activated Carbon
6. Terpakai/Spent SW411 Industri/Industry 1,010.50 0.11
Activated Carbon
Sanitary Landfill
Campuran
Buangan Terjadual
dan Buangan Tidak
7. Terjadual/Mixture of SW422 Industri/Industry 49.34 0.01
Scheduled Waste
Sanitary Landfill
and Nonscheduled
Waste
Buangan daripada
Bahan Letupan Kaedah Slow Burning/
8. SW431 Industri/Industry 0.00
Terpakai/Waste Use 13.86 Slow Burning method
of Explosive
JUMLAH/TOTAL 879,844.03 100.00

165
BAB
05
Solidifikasi/
Solidification
(7.1%)
Rawatan Fizikal
& Kimia/Physico
Chemical Insinerator/
(4.3%) Incineration
(35.4%)
Tapak Pelupusan
Selamat/Landfill
(53.2%)
Insinerator/Incineration Rawatan Fizikal & Kimia/Physico Chemical
Tapak Pelupusan Selamat/ Solidifikasi/Solidification

Landfill
Rajah 5.18 : Kualiti Alam dan Trienekens: Jenis Rawatan dan Pelupusan Buangan Terjadual,
2018
Figure 5.18 : Kualiti Alam and Trienekens: Types of Treatment and Disposal of Waste, 2018

166
ANNEX
ANNEX
ANNEX
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MALAYSIA

CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I IIA/IIB III# IV V
Al mg/l - (0.06) 0.5
As mg/l 0.05 0.4 (0.05) 0.1
Ba mg/l 1 - -
Cd mg/l 0.01 0.01* (0.001) 0.01
Cr (IV) mg/l 0.05 1.4 (0.05) 0.1
Cr (III) mg/l - 2.5 -
Cu mg/l 0.02 - 0.2
Hardness mg/l 250 - -
Ca mg/l - - -
Mg mg/l - - -
Na mg/l - - 3 SAR
K mg/l - - -
Fe mg/l 1 1 1 (Leaf) 5 (Others)
Pb mg/l 0.05 0.02* (0.01) 5
Mn mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.2
Hg mg/l 0.001 0.004 (0.0001) 0.002
Ni mg/l 0.05 0.9* 0.2
L
Se mg/l 0.01 0.25 (0.04) 0.02 E
Ag mg/l N 0.05 0.0002 - V
A E
Sn mg/l T - 0.004 -
L
U mg/l U - - - S
Zn mg/l R 5 0.4* 2
A
B mg/l 1 (3.4) 0.8
L A
Cl mg/l 200 - 80 B
Cl2 mg/l - (0.02) - O
CN mg/l L 0.02 0.06 (0.02) - V
E E
F mg/l V 1.5 10 1
NO2 mg/l E 0.4 0.4 (0.03) -
NO3 mg/l L 7 - 5 IV
S
P mg/l 0.2 0.1 -
Silica mg/l O 50 - -
SO4 mg/l R 250 - -
S mg/l 0.05 (0.001) -
A
CO2 mg/l B - - -
Gross- Bq/l S 0.1 - -
Gross-β Bq/l E 1 - -
N
Ra-226 Bq/l T < 0.1 - -
Sr-90 Bq/l <1 - -
CCE µg/l 500 - -
MBAS/BAS µg/l 500 5000 (200) -
O & G (Mineral) µg/l 40; N N -
O & G (Emulsified Edible) µg/l 7000; N N -
PCB µg/l 0.1 6 (0.05) -
Phenol µg/l 10 - - -
Aldrin/Dieldrin µg/l 0.02 0.2 (0.01) - -
BHC µg/l 2 9 (0.1) - -
Chlordane µg/l 0.08 2 (0.02) - -
t-DDT µg/l 0.1 (1) - -
Endosulfan µg/l 10 - - -
Heptachlor/Epoxide µg/l 0.05 0.9 (0.06) - -
Lindane µg/l 2 3 (0.4) - -
2,4-D µg/l 70 450 - -
2,4,5-T µg/l 10 160 - -
2,4,5-TP µg/l 4 850 - -
Paraquat µg/l 10 1800 - -
Notes :
* = At hardness 50 mg/l CaCO3

# = Maximum (unbracketed) and 24-hour average (bracketed) concentrations
N = Free from visible film sheen, discolouration and deposits

168
ANNEX
NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MALAYSIA

CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I IIA IIB III IV V
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.7 > 2.7
Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 1 3 3 6 12 > 12
Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 10 25 25 50 100 > 100
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7 5-7 5-7 3-5 <3 <1
pH - 6.5 - 8.5 6-9 6-9 5-9 5-9 -
Colour TCU 15 150 150 - - -
Electrical Conductivity* µS/cm 1000 1000 - - 6000 -
Floatables - N N N - - -
Odour - N N N - - -
Salinity % 0.5 1 - - 2 -
Taste - N N N - - -
Total Dissolved Solid mg/l 500 1000 - - 4000 -
Total Suspended Solid mg/l 25 50 50 150 300 300
Temperature oC - Normal + 2 °C - Normal + 2 °C - -
Turbidity NTU 5 50 50 - - -
Faecal Coliform** count/100 ml 10 100 400 5000 (20000)a 5000 (20000)a -
Total Coliform count/100 ml 100 5000 5000 50000 50000 > 50000
Notes :
N : No visible floatable materials or debris, no objectional odour or no objectional taste

* : Related parameters, only one recommended for use
** : Geometric mean
a : Maximum not to be exceeded
WATER CLASSES AND USES

CLASS USES
Conservation of natural environment.
Class I Water Supply I – Practically no treatment necessary.
Fishery I – Very sensitive aquatic species.
Water Supply II – Conventional treatment required.

Class IIA
Fishery II – Sensitive aquatic species.
Class IIB Recreational use with body contact.
Water Supply III – Extensive treatment required.
Class III
Fishery III – Common, of economic value and tolerant species; livestock drinking.
Class IV Irrigation
Class V None of the above.
DOE WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX

SUB INDEX & INDEX RANGE
WATER QUALITY INDEX CLEAN SLIGHTLY POLLUTED POLLUTED
Ammoniacal Nitrogen 91 - 100 80 - 90 0 - 79
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 92 - 100 71 - 91 0 - 70
Chemical Oxygen Demand 76 - 100 70 - 75 0 - 69
Water Quality Index (WQI) 81 - 100 60 - 80 0 - 59
DOE WATER QUALITY INDEX CLASSIFICATION

CLASS
PARAMETER UNIT
I II III IV V
Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l < 0.1 0.1 – 0.3 0.3 – 0.9 0.9 – 2.7 > 2.7
Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <1 1–3 3–6 6 – 12 > 12
Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l < 10 10 – 25 25 – 50 50 – 100 > 100
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l >7 5–7 3–5 1–3 <1
pH - > 7.0 6.0 – 7.0 5.0 – 6.0 < 5.0 > 5.0
Total Suspended Solid mg/l < 25 25 – 50 50 – 150 150 – 300 > 300
Water Quality Index (WQI) > 92.7 76.5 – 92.7 51.9 – 76.5 31.0 – 51.9 < 31.0
169
ANNEX
WQI FORMULA AND CALCULATION
FORMULA
WQI = (0.22 * SIDO) + (0.19 * SIBOD) + (0.16 * SICOD) + (0.15 * SIAN) + (0.16 * SISS) + (0.12 * SIpH)
where;
SIDO = Subindex DO (% saturation)
SIBOD = Subindex BOD
SICOD = Subindex COD
SIAN = Subindex NH3-N
SISS = Subindex SS
SIpH = Subindex pH
0 ≤ WQI ≤ 100
BEST FIT EQUATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VARIOUS SUBINDEX VALUES

Subindex for DO (in % saturation)
SIDO = 0 for x ≤ 8
SIDO = 100 for x ≥ 92
SIDO = -0.395 + 0.030x2 - 0.00020x3 for 8 < x < 92
Subindex for BOD

SIBOD = 100.4 - 4.23x for x ≤ 5
SIBOD = 108 * exp(-0.055x) - 0.1x for x > 5
Subindex for COD

SICOD = -1.33x + 99.1 for x ≤ 20
SICOD = 103 * exp(-0.0157x) - 0.04x for x > 20
Subindex for NH3-N

SIAN = 100.5 - 105x for x ≤ 0.3
SIAN = 94 * exp(-0.573x) - 5 * I x – 2 I for 0.3 < x < 4
SIAN = 0 for x ≥ 4
Subindex for SS
SISS = 97.5 * exp(-0.00676x) + 0.05x for x ≤ 100
SISS = 71 * exp(-0.0061x) - 0.015x for 100 < x < 1000
SISS = 0 for x ≥ 1000
Subindex for pH
SIpH = 17.2 - 17.2x + 5.02x2 for x < 5.5
SIpH = -242 + 95.5x - 6.67x2 for 5.5 ≤ x < 7
SIpH = -181 + 82.4x - 6.05x2 for 7 ≤ x < 8.75
SIpH = 536 - 77.0x + 2.76x2 for x ≥ 8.75
Note:
* means multiply with
MWQI FORMULA AND CALCULATION

MWQI = SI DO0.2 x SI NH30.16 x SI FC0.14 x SI TSS0.14 x SI O&G0.13 x SI NO30.12 x SI PO40.11
where;
SIDO = Subindex Dissolved Oxygen
SINH3 = Subindex Unionized Ammonia
SIFC = Subindex Faecal Coliform
SITSS = Subindex Total Suspended Solids
SIO&G = Subindex Oil and Grease
SINO3 = Subindex Nitrate
SIPO4 = Subindex Phosphate
0 ≤ MWQI ≥ 100

170
ANNEX
BEST FIT EQUATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VARIOUS SUBINDEX VALUES
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/L

For DO between 3 and 7
SI(DO) = -85.816 + 55.476(DO) – 4.142(DO)2
If DO is less than 3, or more than 10, SI = 10%
Ammonia (Unionized) (NH3) in mg-N/L*
SI(NH3) = 100exp-4.6(NH3)
* If Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3+-N) is measured, convert the value into unionized ammonia.
Faecal Coliform (FC) in MPN/100ml
SI(FC) = 100exp-0.005(FC)
If FC ≥ 500 MPN, SI = 8%
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in mg/L
SI(TSS) = 95.8exp-0.0043(TSS)
If TSS > 100 mg/L, SI = 20%
Oil & Grease (OG) in mg/L

SI(OG) = 98exp-0.21(OG)
Nitrate (NO3) in mg-N/L

SI(NO3) = 94.83exp-0.35(NO3)
Phosphate (PO4) in mg-P/L

SI(PO4) = 95.2exp-0.002(PO4*1000)
UNIONIZED AMMONIA CALCULATION

In order to convert the concentration of total ammoniacal nitrogen into unionized
ammonia, calculate (a), (b), (c) and (d). Substitute the results into equation 1.
a. Calculation of Ionic Strength (IS)
19.9273*Salinity
IS =
(1000-1.005109*Salinity)
Salinity in part per thousand (ppt)
b. Calculation of PKa
2729.92
PKa = (0.0901821 + ) + IS(0.1552-0.000314*Temp)
(Temp+273.15)
Temperature in °C
c. Calculation of working pH
pHsw = pH – (0.0007 x IS) – 0.131
d. Calculation of mole fraction for unionized ammonia

1
Mole Fraction =
1+10 (PKa-pHsw)
Equation:
Unionized ammonia = Total ammoniacal nitrogen x mole fraction
Total ammoniacal nitrogen should be measured in µg/l
171
J A B A T A N A L A M S E K I T A R
ISSN 2636-9834
KEMENTERIAN TENAGA, SAINS, TEKNOLOGI, ALAM SEKITAR & PERUBAHAN IKLIM (MESTECC)
Aras 1 – 4, Podium 2 & 3, Wisma Sumber Asli, No.25, Persiaran Perdana, Precint 4
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62574 Putrajaya, Malaysia.

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Pada pertengahan bulan Ogos 2018, In mid-August 2018, Malaysia

Kualiti persekitaran marin kawasan The quality of the marine environment

Laporan KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING MALAYSIA 2018

Status kualiti udara di Malaysia The air quality status is reported as

Jadual 1.1 : Status Kualiti Udara (IPU)

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60 Standard Kualiti Udara Ambien Malaysia bagi PM10 (IT-2) = 45 µg/m3

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