Error Types and Techniques

Using your notes from class discussion, your textbook and internet
define with relevant annotated examples the following: -

Error types
• Syntax error
• Logic error
• Runtime error
Error detection techniques
• Flags (to debug errors)
• Debugging output statements
• Stubs

For each dot point you will need to come up with a comprehensive
definitive, 2 annotated examples (explain why the example is
relevant to the explanation of this concept) from either VS Code or
from the command console of the relevant concept/technique.
 Syntax Error
-make an error in the grammar of the code

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Annotated examples
print ("hello")

print ("hello"

without the bracket at end of the code it will no function

if 2 == 3:
print('hello')
else if 2 == 2:
print('goodbye')

- Else if syntax incorrect

 Logic Error
-undesired ouput or result BGT the codeis syntactically correct

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Annotated examples – Inflarile loop
num1 = input("please enter a number")
num2 = input("ple0-ase enter a number")
num3 = input("please enter a number")
avarge = num1+num2+num3/3

it’s error, because we haven’t convert input into integer

num1 = input("please enter a number")

num1 = int(num1)
num2 = input("please enter a number")
num2 = int(num2)
num3 = input("please enter a number")
num3 = int(num3)
average = num1+num2+num3/3
print (average)

please enter a number10

please enter a number10
please enter a number10
23.333333333333332
- The average is incorrect, because we didn’t put the brackets
between the num1,num2,num3.
 Runtime Error
-Error occurs when we Interpret or compile the code and try to “RUN” the program.
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Annotated examples (from the command console) – divide by 0
String str = null:
str str.toLowerCase():

int j = 0:
int k = 25/j:
 Flag (to debug errors)
- Binary condition T/F, Y/N

- Set at the start of the program and change depending on the input

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Annotated examples
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big_number_flag = False
for i in range(5):
n = int (input("Enter a number"))
if n > 2000:
big_number_flag = True
else:
big_number_flag = False

# after the loop

if big_number_flag:
print("saw at least one big number")
else:
print("didn't see any big numbers")
- After the loop is finished, all you can say about the big_number_flag is
that it is True or False, depending on ONLY the LAST value input, not
all 5 values.
 Debugging output (print) statements
-System output statement -traceback errors

-Program output statement -print command to print value of variables

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Annotated examples – age?
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def hypotenuse(x, y):
print("x is %f and y is %f" % (x, y))
x_2 = x**2
print(x_2)
y_2 = y**2
print(y_2)
z_2 = x_2 + y_2
print(z_2)
z = math.sqrt(z_2)
print(z)
return z
 Stubs
-To down / modular approach to program design we use stubs to “stand in the place”
of module we haven’t developed yet._(flow of the program)

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Annotated examples (use the Mock python library)
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Main --- error checking – place holders
- Guess modular
- Print-out modular
Mock - library