Water Supply and Sanitation Development & Rehabilitation

Project office Annex B - Design Calculations

CONTENTS
1. CALCULATION AND DISCRIPTION OF UNITS - CHEFE WWTP........................................................1
1.1 Chefe WWTP Civil and Hydraulics Design 1
1.1.1 Unit 1: Inlet Sewer (Trunk Sewer) 1
1.1.2 Unit 2: By Pass Sewer 2
1.1.3 Unit 3a: Inlet, By Pass and Flow Splitting Chamber 4
1.1.4 Unit 3b: Approach Channel 5
1.1.5 Unit 3c: Screens 6
1.1.6 Unit 4a: Flow Splitting for Future Extension 8
1.1.7 Unit 4b: Grit Channel 9
1.1.8 Unit 4c: Flow Combining Channel 12
1.1.9 Unit 5: Partial Flume 13
1.1.10 Unit 6: Collection Chamber 15
1.1.11 Treatment Efficiency and Effluent Characteristics of Unit 3a – Unit 6b 16
1.1.12 Unit 7: Connection Line (CNL.01) 18
1.1.13 Unit 8: Lifting Station One - LS.01 19
1.1.14 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 8 – Lifting Station 01 23
1.1.15 Unit 9: Connection Line (CNL.02) 24
1.1.16 Unit 10: Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) 25
1.1.17 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 10 – UASB 34
1.1.18 Unit 11: Sludge Line (SLG.L01) 35
1.1.19 Unit 12: Connection Line Three (CLN.03) 36
1.1.20 Unit 13: Flow Distribution Tank Two (FDT.02) 37
1.1.21 Unit 14: Connection Line Four (CLN.04) 39
1.1.22 Unit 15: Trickling Filters 40
1.1.23 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 15 – Trickling Filter 46
1.1.24 Unit 16: Line Five (CLN.05) & Collection Chamber Two (CCH.02) 47
1.1.25 Unit 17: Connection Line Six (CLN.06) 49
1.1.26 Unit 18: Lifting Station Two - LS.02 50
1.1.27 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 18 – Lifting Station 02 55
1.1.28 Unit 19: Connection Line Seven (CLN.07) 56
1.1.29 Unit 20: FDT.04 & SLG.03 57
1.1.30 Unit 21: Connection Line Eight (CNL.08) 59
1.1.31 Unit 22: Final Sedimentation Tank 60
1.1.32 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 22 – FST 63
1.1.33 Unit 23: Return Sludge Line (RSG.01) 64
1.1.34 Unit 24: Final Effluent Line (CLN.09) 65
1.1.35 Unit 25: Pumping Station 03 & Rising Main 01 66
1.1.36 Unit 26: Sludge Drying Beds 68
1.1.37 Unit 28: Sanitary Land Fill 69
2. CALCULATION AND DISCRIPTION OF UNITS AKAKI WWTP............................................................1
2.1 Akaki WWTP Civil and Hydraulics Design 1
2.1.1 Unit 1: Inlet Sewer (Trunk Sewer) 1
2.1.2 Unit 2: By Pass Sewer 2
2.1.3 Unit 3a: Inlet, By Pass and Flow Splitting Chamber 4
2.1.4 Unit 3b: Approach Channel 5
2.1.5 Unit 3c: Screens 6
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2.1.6 Unit 4a: Flow Splitting for Future Extension 8

2.1.7 Unit 4b: Grit Channel 9
2.1.8 Unit 4c: Partial Flume 13
2.1.9 Unit 4d: Flow Distribution Tank One (FDT.01) 14
2.1.10 Treatment Efficiency and Effluent Characteristics of Unit 3a – Unit 4D 16
2.1.11 Unit 5: Connection Line (CNL.01) 18
2.1.12 Unit 7: Inlet Structures to Anaerobic Ponds 19
2.1.13 Unit 8: Anaerobic Ponds 20
2.1.14 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 8 – Anaerobic Pond 23
2.1.15 Unit 9: Outlet Structures of Anaerobic Ponds 24
2.1.16 Unit 10: Connection Line (CNL.02) 25
2.1.17 Unit 11: Lifting Station One - LS.01 26
2.1.18 Unit 12: Connection Line Three (CNL.03) 30
2.1.19 Unit 13: Inlet Structures of Facultative & Maturation Ponds 31
2.1.20 Unit 14: Facilitative Ponds 32
2.1.21 Unit 15: Outlet Structures of Facultative & Maturation Ponds 34
2.1.22 Unit 16: Connection Lines (CNL.04, CNL.05, CNL.06, & CNL.07) 35
2.1.23 Unit 17: Maturation Ponds 37
2.1.24 Unit 18: FDT.03, SLG.01 & SLG.02 39
2.1.25 Unit 19: Sanitary Land Fill 41

Figure 1:- Theoretical Section of Grit Channel...............................................................................................................1

Figure 2:- Practical Dimensions of Designed Grit Channel (m).....................................................................................1
Figure 3:- Partial Flume................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 4:- Practical Dimensions of Designed Grit Channel (m).....................................................................................1
Figure 5:- Theoretical Section of Grit Channel...............................................................................................................1

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1. CALCULATION AND DISCRIPTION OF UNITS - CHEFE WWTP

1 Chefe WWTP Civil and Hydraulics Design

1.1 Unit 1: Inlet Sewer (Trunk Sewer)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qmax>Qd = 20,198 m /d 3
length: 89 m
Qmax>Qh = 1,636 m3/h diam.: 0.60 m
= 454.5 l/s

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The incoming sewer is trunk main conveying waste water from Bolebulbula and Saris Interceptors to CHEFE
WWTP. The two interceptors, namely Bolebulbula and Saris Interceptors convey the waste water generated in
the respective catchments.
It connects to the trunk sewer at manhole MH-1 at one end and on the other end it connects to the inlet of the Sewage
Treatment Works (Unit 3 Inlet chamber).
A total of 4 (four) manholes are provided to connect MH-1 (MH.TW01) with the inlet chamber. Due to the ground slope
within the treatment works area 1 (One) manhole shall be executed as drop manhole (MH.TW02).
The pipe slope shall be kept at 0,87 %, Q Average = 233.8 l/s, Peak Factor (PF)=1.94, Q Design =454.5 l/s
Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

Calculations:
CALC PROP
LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)
MH.TW01 MH.TW02 2,102.30 2,101.80 2,100.34 2,100.24 11.00 555 600
MH.TW02 MH.TW03 2,101.80 2,101.00 2,100.24 2,100.04 23.50 555 600
Inlet Sewer
MH.TW03 MH.TW04 2,101.00 2,100.35 2,100.04 2,099.65 45.00 555 600
MH.TW04 Inlet Chamber 2,100.35 2,100.40 2,099.65 2,099.60 6.00 555 600

ANGLE OF ACTUAL DEPTH OF

LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D
  FROM TO Q (M /s)
3
V (m/s) RADIANS     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
MH.TW01 MH.TW02 0.62 2.19 3.68 0.73 2.39 381 63
MH.TW02 MH.TW03 0.62 2.19 3.68 0.73 2.39 381 63
Inlet Sewer
MH.TW03 MH.TW04 0.62 2.19 3.68 0.73 2.39 381 63
MH.TW04 Inlet Chamber 0.62 2.19 3.68 0.73 2.39 381 63

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1.2 Unit 2: By Pass Sewer

Task: By passes the primary (physical) treatment units: Inlet Chamber, Screen & Grit Channel

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qmax>Qd = 20,198 m3/d length: 249 m
Qmax>Qh = 1,636 m3/h diam.: 0.60 m
= 454.5 l/s

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
In case of major failure of the treatment works or any other incidence that requires by passing of the works the by-
pass line will be used. The same line will be used to drain the preliminary units.
It is connected to bypass chamber at one end and on the other end to the first outfall structure (OF.01). In
between, the under drain pipes from the grit channel and collection channel will also be connected.
A total of 8 (eight) manholes are provided. Due to the ground slope within the treatment works area 5 (five)
manhole shall be executed as drop manhole (MH.TW05, MH.TW09 – MH.TW09).
The pipe slope shall be kept at 1,25 %.
Q Average = 233.8 l/s, Peak Factor (PF)=1.94, Q Design =454.5 l/s
Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

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Calculations:

SEWER LINE
REFERENCE CALC PROP
NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.

  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)

2,100.4 2,100.0 2,099.6 2,099.5
MH.TW04 MH.TW05 0 5 5 7 6.00 499 600
2,100.0 2,100.1 2,099.5 2,099.3
MH.TW05 MH.TW06 5 0 7 3 19.30 499 600
2,100.1 2,100.1 2,097.9 2,097.8
MH.TW06 MH.TW07 0 0 3 5 6.20 499 600
2,100.1 2,100.0 2,097.8 2,097.6
MH.TW07 MH.TW08 0 0 5 4 17.00 499 600
2,100.0 2,099.9 2,097.6 2,097.5
By-Pass
MH.TW08 MH.TW09 0 5 4 0 11.00 499 600
2,099.9 2,097.7 2,096.7 2,095.9
MH.TW09 MH.TW10 5 0 0 0 64.00 499 600
2,097.7 2,096.3 2,095.1 2,094.6
MH.TW10 MH.TW11 0 0 0 5 36.00 499 600
2,096.3 2,093.6 2,093.8 2,093.0
MH.TW11 MH.TW12 0 0 5 4 65.00 499 600
2,096.3 2,092.8 2,092.2 2,092.0
MH.TW12 OF.01 0 0 4 5 15.00 499 600

SEWER LINE ANGLE DEPTH

REFERENCE OF ACTUAL OF
NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D
RADIAN
  FROM TO Q (M3/s) V (m/s) S     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
MH.TW04 MH.TW05 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW05 MH.TW06 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW06 MH.TW07 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW07 MH.TW08 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
By-Pass MH.TW08 MH.TW09 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW09 MH.TW10 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW10 MH.TW11 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW11 MH.TW12 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56
MH.TW12 OF.01 0.74 2.63 3.40 0.61 2.76 338 56

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1.3 Unit 3a: Inlet, By Pass and Flow Splitting Chamber

Task: Flow measurement, bypass and splitting of wastewater flow into two screening units

Type: Open Rectangular Concrete Chamber Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 455 l/s width: 1.80 m
Qav(Stage 1)= 137 l/s height: 1.20 m
Qav(Stage 2)= 234l/s length: 4.40 m

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Inlet Chamber: (L=1.20, W=1.80m & D=1.20m) is provided to guide the incoming wastewater to the rectangular weir with
which the incoming wastewater is measured. At the downstream side a rectangular concrete weir of 1.50 m width is
provided. The flow over the weir is measured by correlating the depth over the weir (h) with the following equation.
Q=2.658h(3/2), Where, Q is in m3/s and h is in m. Calibrated metal plate shall be fixed to the side walls over the weir.
By pass Chamber: (L=1.20, W=1.80m & D=1.20m) is provided to convey the wastewater to the flow splitting channel and/or
to bypass line.
Splitting Chamber: (L=1.20, W=1.80m & D=1.20m) is provided to convey the wastewater and split it in to the two approach
channels located in front of the screens.
The chambers & channels are sized as a single unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings.
The coordinate of inlet chamber upstream wall inside mid point is @ X = 476195.4, Y = 984128.8 UTM

Calculations:
Approach velocity, V=0.6m/s
Width of chamber, w=1.8 m
Design flow – Stage II peak flow, Qd =455l/s
Maximum depth of flow, h = Qd/(wV) = 0.42 m, free Board of 0.58m is available,
Maximum depth when one line is operating, hmax=0.58m (Y2020) , 0.95m (Y2030)
Base slab invert level = 2099.60 masl
Maximum water level = 2100.55 masl

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1.4 Unit 3b: Approach Channel

Task: Conveyance of wastewater, flow stabilization

Type: Open Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 227 l/s width: 0.80 m
QPeak = 445 l/s height: 1.20 m
length: 1.70 m
quantity: 2 nos.

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
It is the first section of screen channel and receives divided flow from the inlet chamber. It also facilitates stabilization of
desired approach velocity before passing through the screens. These channels are provided to convey the split wastewater to
the screens
The chamber is sized as a twin unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings

Calculations:
Approach velocity, V=0.6m/s
Width of channel, w=0.80 m
Design flow per channel–, Qd= Stage II peak flow/2 = 455/2 = 227 l/s
Depth of flow, h = Qd/(wV) = 0.47 m, free board of 0.73 m is available,
Maximum depth when one channel is out of service, hmax = 2 Qd/(wV) = 0.95 m ok,
Maximum head loss=0.14 m,
Available free board= 1.20 – (0.95+0.14) = 0.11 m OK!
Base slab invert level = 2099.60 masl
Maximum water level = 2100.55 masl

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1.5 Unit 3c: Screens

Task: Removal of large floating matter

Type: Open Concrete Channel and coarse Design Data: Main Dimensions:
screens QD = 227 l/s width: 0.80 m
QPeak = 445 l/s height: 1.20 m
length: 0.70 m
quantity: 2 nos.

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The channel is sized as a twin unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings
Number of units will be set to entertain the min and maximum flow conditions
The screens will be followed by grit chambers and partial flumes for flow measurements
Flow splitting device shall be provided before screens
Perforated concrete platform (L=1.10m, W = 2.20m) has to be provided to serve as drain plate.
The design is governed with year 2030 (Stage II) flow conditions

Calculations:
Design Year 2030 2020
Average flow 0.234 0.137 m3/s
Peak Flow, 0.455 0.278 m3/s
Number of lines 2 2
Design flow per line 0.23 0.14 m3/s
Approach Velocity, V= 0.60 0.58 m/s
Maximum Depth of flow, h= 0.47 0.30 m
Bar Screens
Bar size (width), s = 10 10 mm
Depth= 30 30 mm
Spacing, e= 50 50 mm
Distance b/n channel wall & first bar, z= 25 25 mm
Slope from vertical= 30 30 degree
Channel width, B= 2z+(n-1)e+ns
Number of bars, n= [B+e-2z] / (s+e) =13
Velocity through screen, Vscr= Q/Aclear
Aclear =(B-ns)h= 0.317 0.201 m2
Vscr= 0.72 0.69 m/s, OK!, 0.6 < V < 1.2 m/s

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Calculations:

Head loss,

Design Year 2030 2020

Discharge coefficient for clean screen, C=0.7
hL = 0.011 0.010 m

Checking for head loss when 1/2 of the screen is filled with dirt
Aclear = 0.16 0.10 m2
Discharge coefficient for clogged screen, C 0.60 0.60
Vscr= 1.43 1.38 m/s
hL= 0.14 0.13 m
Checking for head loss when 1 screen is out of service

Q= 0.45 0.28 m3/s

Aclear = 0.32 0.20 m2
Vscr= 1.43 1.38 m/s
hL= 0.14 0.13 m
Dimensions of Screening Facilities
Number of Screens= 2 2
channel width, B= 0.80 0.80 m
Free Board, Fb= 0.71 0.89 m
Channel height, H= 1.20 1.20 m
Height of bar screens, Hs= 1.38 1.38 m
Screen Horizontal projection Length, Ls= 0.70 0.70 m
Drain Plate Length, Ld= 1.10 1.10 m

Levels
Ground level= 2,100.40 2,100.40 masl
Floor level= 2,099.60 2,099.60 masl

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1.6 Unit 4a: Flow Splitting for Future Extension

Task: Splitting of wastewater flow for Stage 2 plant extension and conveyance to grit channels

Type: Open Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 227 l/s width: 1.80 /3.40m
QPeak = 445 l/s height: 1.00 / 1.26m
length: 2.00 m

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The channel of 1.80 m width opens up to 2 channels of 1.60 m width each in order to split the incoming flow and direct it to
the grit channels.
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings. However for the works included in the
present project the second arm will be closed (temporary stop end).
In case of the Stage 2 extension of the treatment works, the second arm will be opened. A wing wall will then be inserted into
the channel walls to restrict and thus equalize the flow distribution to the three branches.

Calculations:
Design flow, Qd = 455 l/s
Depth of flow = 0.3 m – 0.84 m
Free board = 0.7 – 0.42 m
Velocity, V=0.6m/s – 0.3 m/s
Combined width of channel, w=1.60 - 3.20 m
Base slab invert level @ upstream = 2099.60 masl
Base slab invert level @ downstream = 2099.33 masl

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1.7 Unit 4b: Grit Channel

Task: Removes grit and prevent pumps and treatment units from sand particles
Type: Open Trapezoidal Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:
QD = 278 l/s top width: 1.6 0 m
QPeak = 445 l/s bottom width : 0.60 m
height: 1.40 m
length: 20 m
Quantity: 2 nos.

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
Manual grit removal is selected hence, multiple units will be provided (one will be closed for cleaning while others are in
operation)
Velocity controlled grit chamber (constant velocity & horizontal flow) is the selected type
Flow measurement devices will be incorporated downstream (partial flume) which will serve as a flow control section
Since the control section is partial flume the channel shape has to be parabolic to maintain uniform velocity for different flows.
The first stage flow condition governs the design. i.e. (1+1) two channels operating in parallel.

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Calculations:
Design Year 2030 2020
Average flow 0.234 0.137 m3/s
Peak Flow, 0.455 0.278 m3/s
Peak Flow less Infiltration 0.42 0.25 m3/s
Minimum Flow, Year 2012 0.04 0.04 m3/s
Number of lines 3 2
Horizontal velocity is kept constant at V= 0.30 0.30 m/s
Number of chambers operating in parallel shall be 2 1 while one is closed for cleaning
Maximum channel width is set at = 1.50 1.60 m
The maximum depth has been set for peak flow condition excluding infiltration
Area for parabolic section, A= 2/3 x W x D W=top width. D=depth of flow
Maximum depth, D=1.5A/W = 0.76 0.79 m
For settling velocity, vs= 0.75 0.75 m/min
and detention time, t= 60 60 s
Minimum Channel depth= 0.75 0.75 m < 0.76 OK!!!
Free board, Fb= 0.34 0.31 m
(Bernoulli's Theorem) -> Total energy at u/s of a point in channel = Total energy at critical point in control section
Total Energy upstream of control section, E1=D+V12/2g, for V1= approach velocity=0.3m/s
E1= 0.76 0.79 =D, depth of flow
Total Energy at critical point i.e at the point of jump formation, E c=yc + Vc2/(2g)+HL, Vc velocity at control section
HL is head loss in the jump and is assumed to be 10% of velocity head at control section, E c=1.55Vc2/g
E1=D=Ec=1.55Vc2/g
at peak flow D = 0.76 0.79 m
Vc= (Dg/1.55)2 = 2.20 2.24 m/s
2
At peak flow Critical depth, yc=(Vc) /g = 0.49 0.51 m

Flow through the control section, Qpeak= Ac Vc=W.yc.Vc

W= 0.21 0.22 m
Thus, standard partial flume with throat width, W= 0.225 0.225 m has to be use per line
However, a single control section would do the required control if a flume with an adequate standard section is provided.
Hence, standard partial flume with throat width, W=0.300 m has been adopted.
For different flow condition at constant velocity of 0.3 m/s the channel section (depth and width) related as shown below

Q, m3/sec A= 2/3BD (m2) D=1.55y  B=1.5A/D

0.010 0.03 0.08 0.12 0.84
0.025 0.08 0.14 0.22 1.14
0.050 0.17 0.22 0.35 1.44
0.100 0.33 0.36 0.55 1.81
0.125 0.42 0.41 0.64 1.95
0.150 0.50 0.47 0.72 2.07
0.175 0.58 0.52 0.80 2.18
0.200 0.67 0.57 0.88 2.28
0.225 0.75 0.61 0.95 2.37
0.250 0.83 0.66 1.02 2.46
0.275 0.92 0.70 1.08 2.54
0.278 0.93 0.70 1.09 2.54
0.300 1.00 0.74 1.15 2.61

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The graphical representation of the channel depth and width based on the hydraulic functions of control section is a
parabolic section (theoretical), refer Figure 1.
However, due to construction difficulties and grit storage requirements approximation of the section with
trapezoidal section allows ease of construction with out affecting the hydraulic performance of the channel. The
shape and practical dimensions of the grit chamber are presented in Figure 2.
Channel Dimensions
Top width, Tw= 1.60 m
Bottom width, Bw= 0.60 m
Inclined wall height, H1= 0.70 m
Vertical wall height, H2= 0.40 m
Free board, Fb= 0.31 m
Effective Area of channel, Ae= 91 m2
Detention Time, t = 60 sec
Volume of channel, Vc= Qxt
Vc= 15.16 m3
Theoretical Length of channel, L= Vc/A
16.57 m
Practical Length, Lp= L + 2D up to L + 0.5L 18.2 up to 24.86
Use 20.0 m
Grit Volume
Volume of grit at peak flow condition, Vg= Qx100/1000 liters
Q= 11,859 m3/day per channel
Vg= 1,186 Liters = 1.19 m3
De-gritting frequency every 3.0 days
Total grit volume, Vg= 3.6 m3
Area reserved for grit, Ag=Vg/Lp= 0.18 m2
for bottom width, Bw= 0.60 m
Required Depth, d = Ag/Bw = 0.30 m
Levels Ground level= 2,100.30 masl
Floor level= 2,099.03 masl

Figure 1:- Theoretical Section of Grit Channel

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1.8 Unit 4c: Flow Combining Channel

Task: Combines wastewater from grit channels and conveys to partial flume

Type: Open Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 227 l/s width: 3.40 / 0.85m
QPeak = 445 l/s height: 1.40 m
length: 2.65 m

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

1.60

0.40
0.70
0.30

GRIT STORAGE

0.60

Figure 2:- Practical Dimensions of Designed Grit Channel (m)

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Explanatory Remarks:
The channel of 3.40 m width combines the flow from the two grit channels and conveys to 0.85 wide flume inlets.
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings. However for the works included in the
present project the second arm will be closed (temporary stop end).
In case of the Stage 2 extension of the treatment works, the second arm will be opened. A wing wall will then be inserted into
the channel walls to restrict and divert the flow to the partial flume.

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1.9 Unit 5: Partial Flume

Task: Measuring/recording of incoming wastewater flow

Type: Concrete Structure Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q = 1 - 456 l/s length: 3.50 m
width: 0.80 – 0.48 m
height: 0.80 m

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
In order to measure the incoming flow, a partial flume will be installed between the grit channel and outlet chamber. An
ultrasonic device shall measure the flow depth and shall transmit the data to the operation building for evaluation.
Equipment
Measuring flume and ultrasonic flow measuring device.
Scale for visual flow depth reading

Calculations:

The design will follow the equation below;

Q = 2.264 W. (Ha)1.5

Where: Q= flow in m3/s W = throat width in m,

Ha= Water depth upstream leg of flume at one third point before the flume in m.
The above equation implies that the flow is proportional to the depth, H a, which will be read from a scale installed in
the channel
Expected readings for different flow conditions
Year Flow m3/s Width Depth (ha) m
  Max Avg m Max Avg
2012 0.099 0.043 0.3 0.276 0.16
2015 0.185 0.091 0.3 0.420 0.26
2020 0.278 0.137 0.3 0.551 0.34
2025 0.381 0.192 0.3 0.680 0.43
2030 0.455 0.234 0.3 0.765 0.49

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Calculations:
A1 F G

FLOW

Ha
1 1
4 2.67

K
N
A1/3

SECTION

A1 F G

C1

C
A

PLAN
Partial Flume Dimensions in cm
W A A1 C C1 F G K N
30 137 134 60 85 60 90 8 23

Figure 3:- Partial Flume

Level at the throat = 2099.44 masl

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1.10 Unit 6: Collection Chamber

Task: Centralizes flow for conveyance to the lifting station

Type: Open Concrete Chamber Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 445 l/s width: 1.30 m
Qavg = 140 l/s height: 1.65 m
length: 1.50 m

Drawings: CTW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The total wastewater gauged at the partial flume will drop into the collection chamber from were it gravitate to the lifting
station trough.
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
The chamber shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings.

Calculations:
Detention time, t= 6.00 seconds
Volume= 2.73 m3
Width= 1.30 m
Length= 1.50 m
Depth= 0.93 m
Free board= 0.47 m
Total Height= 1.40 m
Checking for average condition
For 2020 flow, Qavg= 0.14 m3/s
t= 20 seconds

Floor Level = 2099.04 masl

Maximum Water Level= 2099.97 masl
Minimum Water Level= 2099.55 masl

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1.11 Treatment Efficiency and Effluent Characteristics of Unit 3a – Unit 6b

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

length: 35.3 m
width.: 1.7 – 6.61 m

Explanatory Remarks:
From Unit 3a up to Unit 6b are constructed as a unit and share the same structures.
The combined volume of these units contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating removal efficiency.
Large and floating objects will be removed in the screen channel and all settleable grits with settling velocity more than
0.3m/s will be removed in the grit channel.
BOD5 removal will not take place in these units.

Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085 θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  
Where Ne=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of effluent
Ni=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of raw sewage
kT = first order rate constant for faecal coliform
= pond retention time

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent

Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 1.00E+07 0.91 9.91E+06
intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 750 59.08 307

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1.12 Unit 7: Connection Line (CNL.01)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 445 l/s length: 18 m
Qavg = 140 l/s diam.: 0.60 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Wastewater collected in the collection chamber will be conveyed via DN 600 reinforced concrete pipe to the Lifting Station
One.
It connects to collection chamber (Unit 6b) at one end and on the other end it connects to the concrete trough (Unit 8a) at the
lifting station.
There will be 1 (One) intermediate manhole (MH.TW13).
The pipe slope shall be kept at 1.43 %.
Q Average = 233.8 l/s, Peak Factor (PF)=1.94, Q Design =454.5 l/s
Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

Calculations:

SEWER LINE
REFERENCE CALC
NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. PROP DIA.

  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)

2,0 2,0
CCH.01 MH-TW.13 2,100.30 2,099.70 99.36 99.16 14.00 487 600
2,0 2,0
MH-TW.13 TROUGH.01 2,099.70 2,099.70 99.16 99.10 4.00 487 600

SEWER LINE ANGLE DEPTH

REFERENCE OF ACTUAL OF
NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D
RADIAN
  FROM TO Q (M3/s) V (m/s) S     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
MH.TW03 MH.TW04 0.79 2.81 3.31 0.57 2.90 325 54
MH.TW04 Inlet Chamber 0.79 2.81 3.31 0.57 2.90 325 54

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1.13 Unit 8: Lifting Station One - LS.01

Task: Lifting raw grit free wastewater to the flow distribution tank FDT-01

Type: Concrete Trough, Inclined Concrete Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Channel, Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.01, QD = 445 l/s length: 21.70 m
Pump Drive and Control Room, Wash down Qavg = 140 l/s Width: 6.05 m
Water tank Height: 2.05 / 14.00 m
Footing: 2.5 / 3.0 m

Drawings: CTW.LS1.01 to CTW.LS1.03

Explanatory Remarks:
Lifting station one is located south of the screen & grit channels. The coordinates of the inlet trough inside wall mid point are
X=476160, Y = 984122. The floor level is fixed at 2098.50 masl.
LS.01 consists of: concrete trough, inclined concrete channel, flow distribution tank one – FDT.01, pump drive and control
room, wash down water tank
8a- Trough: is rectangular concrete structure and receives the raw sewage before it is lifted to the FDT.01. The trough serves
as a sump for the screw pump. The net inside dimensions are 5.67 m (L) x 4.1m (W) x 1.8m (D). Three concrete stools
cast together with the trough floor will serve to support the Archimedean screw pump at the bottom end.
The floor level is fixed at 2098.50 masl.
8b-Inclined Channel: is a concrete structure that serves to guide the wastewater when the screw pump operates. Three
channels having 35o inclination with horizontal shall be cast in suit. the net inside dimensions of each channel is 11.33m (L) x
1.20m (W) x 1.4m (D).
The trough has to be shaped (profiled) by a rail attached to the Archimedean screw pump.
An accurate and even gap has to be maintained between helix and trough over the entire length of inclined channel bed.
The touch point with which the rim of the screw will be aligned shall be fixed at 2098.85 masl.
The downstream discharge point also referred as Chute Point is fixed at 2105.35 masl.
8c-Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.01: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting chamber.
It serves as flow splitting and as header tank.
The receiving chamber of FDT.01 has a measurement of 4.80m (L) x 4.10m (W) x 2.65m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2103.55 masl and the maximum water level is the same as the Chute Point.
The flow splitting unit has four compartments, two for Stage I and four for Stage II flow conditions. The wastewater flow over
0.7 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each splitting chambers measures 1.00m (L) x 0.875m (W) x 1.65m (D). Gates,
which will be controlled from the control room on the second floor, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet. The two
outlets will be sealed until Stage II works commence.
The maximum wastewater level in the splitting chamber shall be fixed at 2105.30 masl.

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8d-Pump Drive and Control Room: The Archimedean screw pumps will be derived by a pump drive located in the second
floor. The same room will serve to accommodate the control panels, gantry cranes and valve spindle heads. The room is
6.00m (L) x 5.55m (W) x 4.50m (H).
Concrete stools (measuring 1.50m (L) x 0.70 (W) x 0.63 m (D)) cast in the control room will provide a support for the
Archimedean screw pump.
Access to the flow distribution tank is provided by manholes from the same room. The ground level is fixed at 2106.45 masl.
8e-Wash Down Water Tank: Water required for washing down the walls, floors and equipments of treatment units will be
stored in a wash–down water tank located on the third floor of the lifting station one.
The dimensions of the tank are 6.00m (L) x 4.10m (W) x 2.40m (D) providing a volume of 50 m 3. The floor level is
fixed at 2111.20masl. The maximum water level is fixed at 2113.13 masl in order to provide sufficient flushing
pressure during washing.
Equipments
Inclined Channel: 1+1 Archimedean screw pump (Q= 151 l/s each, lifting head = 6.5 m complete with centre tube
and shaft)
Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.01: 4 Stainless steel adjustable flat rectangular Weir 650 x150 x 4 mm
2 DN400 gate valve complete with spindle (arm) and all necessary fittings.
Control room: Electric motor, three phase, squirrel cage, induction type, 380v, 50hz , reduction gear box & all
accessories.
3 ton monorail crane with fixed I-beam, manual hoist with integral trolley, chain and all accessories.
Wash Down Water Tank: Float valve, gate valve and all necessary fittings.

Calculations:
Archimedean Screw Pump:
Stage I II
Mean ground level at pumping station= 2,099.70 2,099.70 masl
Min sewage level in trough= 2,099.54 2,099.54 masl
Optimum Intake level = 2,099.54 2,099.54 masl
Diameter of screw (Helix), D= 0.90 0.90 m
Center tube diameter, d= 0.50 0.50 m
Trough floor level= 2,098.50 2,098.50 masl
Touch point= 2,098.85 2,098.85 masl
Chute point= 2,105.35 2,105.35 masl
Lift height= 6.50 6.50 m
Discharge, lifting capacity of a single pump, q = a n D3 where, a is constant (0.21 -
0.33) and n is radial speed revolution per minutes (20 - 100 rpm)=50/D (2/3)
0.23, n= 53.6 rpm and q= 9.07 m3/min =
For a= 0.151 m3/s
Q design = Q peak= 0.455 0.278 m3/s
Leakage= 10% 10% m3/s
Number of lines in parallel= 3 2
Lifting head= 6.5 6.5 m
Average flow= 0.23 0.14 m3/s
Pumps in operation for avg= 2.0 1.0

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Calculations Cont’d:
Power Requirement on Average
Year 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030
The power demand of the motor is calculated Average Flow rate l/s 43 91 137 192 234
according the formula: HEAD m 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
  g  Qp  h
P   1,2   kw Capacity /pump
l/s 151 151 151 151 151
1000  p  M (m³/hr) 544 544 544 544 544
No. of Pumps 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0
Where:  = density of the liquid g = 9,81 m/s2
Stand By 1 1 1 1 1
Qp = max flow m3/s, hD = manometric height, Total No. of Pumps 2 2 2 3 3
p = efficiency of the pump (0.6), Kw 23 23 23 45 45
M = efficiency of the motor (0.91) POWER
KVA 75 75 75 110 110

Detailed calculations regarding the power demand will be submitted by the Contractor.
Unit Stage I II
8a-Trough: Detention time, t= 1.2 2.2 min
Volume= 33 36 m3
Depth= 1.07 1.18 m
Area= 30 30 m2
Width= 4.1 4.1 m
Length 7.44 7.44 m
Free board= 0.53 0.42 m
Wall height= 1.60 1.60 m
Floor level elevation= 2,098.50 2,098.50 m
MWL= 2,099.57 2,099.67 masl
8b-Inclined Channel: Inclination= 35 35 degree
Inclined length= 11.33 11.33 m
Free board= 0.40 0.40 m
Bottom benching= 0.10 0.10 m
Side benching fill= 0.15 0.15 m
Side wall Height= 1.40 1.40 m
Wall Thickness= 0.25 0.25 m
Width per channel= 1.20 1.20 m
Horizontal length= 9.28 9.28 m
Side wall height= 1.40 1.40 m

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Calculations Cont’d:
8c-Flow Distribution Tank One FDT.01
The distribution tank will serve as header tank and flow splitter

2030 2020
Design Flow= 0.45 0.28 m3/s
detention time= 97 159 sec
Volume= 44.28 44.3 m3
Depth= 1.80 1.80 m
Area= 24.60 24.60 m2
Length= 6.00 6.00 m
Width= 4.10 4.10 m
Wall Thickness= 0.25 0.20 m
Provide free board= 0.85 0.85 m
Divides flow in to 4 2
Weirs with Gates 4 2
Flow Splitting Weir= Rectangular weir

Where, Cd=0.6 and g=9.81m2/s

Take length of weir= 0.65 0.65 m

maximum flow, Q= 0.114 0.069 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.214 0.154 m
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.40 0.40 m
Ground Level elevation= 2,099.70 2,099.70 m
Floor level elevation= 2,103.55 2,103.55 masl
weir crest level elevation= 2,105.13 2,105.13 masl
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,104.95 2,104.95 masl

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1.14 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 8 – Lifting Station 01

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

length: 21.69 m
FC 9.91E+06 FC/100ml
I.N. eggs 307 egg/l width.: 6.05 m

Explanatory Remarks:
From Unit 8a up to Unit 8c are constructed as a unit and share the same structures.
The combined volume of these units contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating removal efficiency.
BOD5 removal will not take place in these units.
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085 θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  
Where Ne=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of effluent
Ni=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of raw sewage
kT = first order rate constant for faecal coliform
= pond retention time

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent

Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 9.91E+06 1.44 9.76E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 307 59.13 125

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1.15 Unit 9: Connection Line (CNL.02)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: uPVC / HDPE pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qp1 = 278 l/s
Pressurized pipe system
Q p2 = 445 l/s Diameter(mm) Length(m)
250 32
400 57
Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Wastewater collected in collection chamber of Flow Distribution Tank One (FDT.01) will flow over the weirs of flow splitter to
the separate chambers (for Stage 1, CH1 & CH4 and for Stage 2, CH2 & CH3).
Connection Line Two (CLN.02) connects the flow splitting chambers (Unit 8c) at one end and influent channel of UASB (Unit
10) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.02.1.1 & CLN02.1.2) will only be laid for Stage one. CLN.02.1.1 connects CH1 and UASB1.1. CLN02.1.2
connects CH4 and UASB1.2.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.01.
The design flow is the larger of year 50% of Stage 1 peak flow and 25% of Stage 2 peak flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:
HYDRAULIC
LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
FDT1-1 J.01 2,105.17 2,099.05 2,105.17 2,105.00 23.00 0.40 0.139
CLN.02.1.1
J.01 UASB1.1.1 2,099.05 2,103.72 2,105.00 2,104.57 8.00 0.25 0.069
CLN.02.1.2 J.01 UASB1.1.2 2,099.05 2,103.72 2,104.95 2,104.60 8.00 0.25 0.07
FDT1-4 J.02 2,105.17 2,099.00 2,105.17 2,104.97 23.00 0.40 0.14
CLN.02.2.1
J.02 UASB1.2.1 2,099.00 2,103.72 2,104.97 2,104.54 8.00 0.25 0.07
CLN.02.2.2 J.02 UASB1.2.2 2,099.00 2,103.72 2,104.97 2,104.62 8.00 0.25 0.07

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
FDT1-1 J.01 0.0040 1.11 0.14 0.08 0.22 5.90
CLN.02.1.1
J.01 UASB1.1.1 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.34 0.43 0.80
CLN.02.1.2 J.01 UASB1.1.2 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.26 0.35 0.88
FDT1-4 J.02 0.0040 1.11 0.09 0.11 0.20 5.97
CLN.02.2.1
J.02 UASB1.2.1 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.34 0.43 0.82
CLN.02.2.2 J.02 UASB1.2.2 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.26 0.35 0.90

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1.16 Unit 10: Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

Task: Digests wastewater and separates solid, liquid & gas

Type: Concrete Reactor (Tank), Concrete Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Feeder & Distribution Channels, HDPE Down QD = 5,930 m /day
3
length: 27 m
takes Pipes, Concrete & PVC Gas, Liquid & Qtotal = 11,859 m3/day Width: 16 m
Solid Separator (GLSS), Concrete Gas Hood, Height: 5.50 m
Concrete Effluent Collector Troughs & Quantity: 2 nos.
Channels, PVC Sludge Removal System.

Drawings: CTW.UASB.01 to CTW.UASB.06

Explanatory Remarks:
UASB is located south of Lifting Station One (LS.01). The coordinates of the left and right corners of UASB1-1 & UASB 1-2
are X=476185.6, Y = 984100.7 and X=476175.5, Y=984104.0, respectively. The floor levels are fixed at 2097.90 masl.
Design Approach and Assumptions:-
The UASB reactors are designed with modular approach in that a single unit (module) is designed for a wastewater flow
capacity of 5,930 m3/day. This capacity is selected in such a way that the Stage I (Year 2020) flow is divided in to two equal
parts. The design is made based on physical and process parameters provided in the following tables:

Table 1: Physical Design Parameters (UASB)

Value
Parameter Unit Range Typical
Shape   Circular Rectangular Rectangular
Depth m 4.5 6 5
Inlet lateral length m 10 12 12
Inlet feed   pumping up gravity down gravity down
Sludge Blanket depth m 2 3 2
Deflector / Gas - liquid - solid separator (GLSS)  
Slope degree 40 60 45
Velocity through at peak m/h 5 5 5
Settler Compartment m 2 2.5 2.5
Surface over flow rate at peak m /m2-day
3
20 28 25
Head required through unit m 2 5 3

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Explanatory Remarks: Cont’d

Table 2:- Process Design Parameters (UASB)

Value
Parameter Unit Range Typical
Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) at Average Flow hours 8 10 9
Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) at Peak Flow hours >4 <8 4
Solid Retention Time (SRT) days 30 50 30
Sludge Blanket Concentration (Average) Kg VSS /m3 15 30 20
Sludge Blanket Concentration (Average) Kg TSS /m3 70 70 70
Organic Loading on sludge Blanket Kg COD /Kg VSS-day 0.3 1 0.6
Volumetric Organic Loading on sludge Blanket Kg COD /m3-day 1 3 2
BOD removal efficiency % 75% 85% 75%
COD removal efficiency % 74% 78% 76%
Inlet down pipe point coverage of floor area m2 3.7 4.0 4.00
Up flow velocity at average flow m/hr 0.5 0.5 0.5
Up flow velocity at peak flow m/hr 1.2 1.2 1.2
Sludge Production Kg TSS / m3 0.15 0.25 0.2
Sludge Drying time days 7 15 10
Head required through unit m 2 5 3
Gas production m3 / Kg TSS removed 0.1 0.3 0.2
Gas utilization 1 m3 gas with 75% methane kwh 1.4 1.4 1.4
Nitrogen removal % 5% 10% 10%
Phosphorus removal % 5% 10% 10%

Assumptions:
o BOD removal efficiency of 75%,
o COD removal efficiency of 76%,
o Sludge withdrawn daily is equals to sludge produced daily, and
o Post treatment with Trickling Filter should be provided
The wastewater characteristics before and after treatment with UASB reactor are as follows:
Parameter Unit UASB Influent UASB Effluent
BOD5 mg/l 352 88
COD mg/l 640 154
TSS mg/l 220 70

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Calculations:
General
Sludge withdrawn daily is equals to sludge produced daily.
Daily sludge production is equal to the sum total of:
a) The new VSS produce as result of BOD removal at yield coefficient of 0.1g VSS/ g BOD removed
b) 40% the non-degradable residue of VSS is degraded in the process and 60% is non-degradable residue
c) Ash in the inflow is equal to TSS-VSS mg/l
Total solid produced daily = Total Solid to be removed daily = (a)+(b)+(c)
Modular design approach has been adopted,
Flow per unit = 5,930 m3/d
Shape of reactor = Rectangular
Inflow shall be by gravity feeding through down take pipe

Design Year = 2020 20330

Average flow = 0.14 m3/s =11,859 m3/day 0.23 m3/s =20,198 m3/day
Peak Facto = 2.02 1.94
Peak Flow = 0.278 m3/s = 1,000 m3/hr 0.455 m3/s = 1,630 m3/hr

Sludge Production
a - VSS produced in BOD removal, bVSS= 0.1 x BOD removed
BOD removed= 264 mg/l
bVSS= 26 mg/l
b- Non - degradable residue, ndVSS = VSS (1-40%) = 106 mg/ l
c- Ash received in inflow, aVSS = TSS – VSS = 44 mg/l
Total Sludge Produced, Xr= bVSS + ndVSS + aVSS
= 176 mg/l =2,087 kg/day

Number of Modular Unit

Design Year 2020 2030
Number of Modular Unit 2 4
Design flow per unit, m3/day 5930 5050

Sludge Retention Time (SRT) and Hydraulic Retention Time HRT

SRT= 50 days
Depth of sludge blanket, Dsb= 2.2 m
Effective depth= 0.85 Dsb
Avg sludge concentration in blanket, MLSS= 70 kg TSS/m3
Total depth of reactor, D= 5.00 m
Sludge withdrawn per day, Xw= Total sludge produced x Q = Xr x Q
Volume of Reactor, V = Q x HRT
Total sludge in reactor, X= 0.85Dsb x A x MLSS
Reactor Surface Area, A= V/D
X= 0.85Dsb x V/D x MLSS =0.85Dsb/D x Q x HRT x MLSS
SRT= X/Xw
Xr= 176 mg/l = 0.176 kg/m3
HRT= SRT . xr / (0.85 . (Dsb/D) . MLSS)
= 0.34 day = 8.1 hr
HRT at peak flow= 4.0 hr

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Calculations Cont’d:

Up flow Velocity
Up flow Velocity at average flow, Va= D/HRT
Va= 0.62 m/hr
Up flow Velocity at peak flow, Vp= 1.25 m/hr
Use Vp= 1.16 m/hr
Thus, revised up flow velocity at average flow, V a= 0.57 m/hr

Reactor Dimensions

Surface Area, A= Q/Va

A= 431 m2
Take width= 16.0 m
Length= 27.0 m
Side water depth= 5.00 m
Wall Thickness= 0.35 m
Floor slab Thickness= 0.30 m

Volumetric Organic Loading

COD Load= COD x Q /1000

= 3,793 kg/day
Vol. of reactor= 2,160 m3
Vol. Organic Loading= 1.76 kg COD/m3-d ACCEPTABLE

Degradable VSS= dVSS= VSS - ndVSS= =0.4VSS

= 70 mg/l
MLSS= 70 kg/m3
TSS= 220 mg/l
Vol. of sludge blanket= Dsb x W x L
= 950 m3
Organic loading on sludge blanket= 0.178 kg COD/ kg VSS-day ACCEPTABLE

COD removal and Methane Production

COD removed=76% x COD influent
486 mg/ l
Total COD removed= COD removed x Q
=2,883 kg/d
,

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Calculations Cont’d:

COD consumed in sulphate reduction

Assuming sulphate removal of 80%= 84 mg/l
Total Sulphate removed= 500 kg/d
1 gCOD consumed per 1.50 g of sulphate reduced
COD consumed in sulphate reduction=500 / 1.50 = 334 kg/d
Total COD removed - COD consumed
COD Available for methane production= in Sulphate Reduction
= 2,549 kg/d
Methane produced at 19.4 degree is assumed to be 300 l/kg COD removed
Total Methane produced per day= 765 m3/d

Methane leaving as dissolved in effluent= 0.028 m3/m3 effluent volume /day

= 166 m3/day
Usable methane= Produced – Leaving = 765 - 166
= 598.7 m3/day
Usable methane per Total COD removed= Usable methane / Total COD removed
= 0.208 m3 /kg COD
Total Methane produced in the plant= Number of unit x usable methane
1,197 m3/day
1 m3 of methane= 36,000 Kilojoules
1 kilowatt-hr= 3,600 Kilojoules
1 m3 of methane= 10 KW hrs
Thus, 1,197 m3 biogas /day
= 7,185 kwh
= 299 kw
= 0.30 Mega watt
Gas Collector Design

Consider gas collector width= 4.0m (c/c distance between two deflector beams)
Hence, number of gas collectors= Width of single reactor/ single gas collector width
= 4.0 Nos each with 27.0 m length

Aperture – Gas, Liquid & Solid Separator (GLSS)

Maximum velocity through aperture at peak flow, Vap= 5.65 m/hr

Aperture area required= Peak flow / Vap
= 88 m2, 20% - between 15% and 20%, OK
Aperture (opening) width= Aperture area / (length of Aperture x No. of Apertures)
= 0.80 m
Provide inclined plate of gas collector at 50 degree to horizontal
Horizontal width of plate, Ph= (Gas collector width - aperture width h- Hood width +
overlap of gas collector over hood width) / 2
= 1.38 m
Vertical Height of collector plate , Pv= Tan(60) x Ph
= 1.64 m
Diagonal Length= 2.14 m
Thickness= 0.005 m
length= 5.20 m
No. 40

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Calculations Cont’d:

Gas collector plate support (Diagonal Beam)

Width= 0.20 m
Depth= 0.15 m
Length= 2.30 m
Spacing c/c= 5.20 m
No. 32

Deflector Beam

Total Width of deflector beam= Aperture width + 2 x overlaps at beam

1.00 m
Height of Deflector Beam= 0.5 m
Length= 27.0 m
No= 4.0

Reactor Dimensions

Total Side Water Depth= 5.00 m

Sludge bed height up to base of deflector beam= 2.20 m
Deflector beam + space up to inclined plate= 0.72 m
Vertical Height of collector plate , Pv= 1.64 m
Water depth above tip of collector plate= 0.44 m
5.00 m
Free Board at top= 0.50 m
Total reactor Height= 5.50 m

Feeder System

Feeder Channel:- Receives gritted sewage via pipe from the header tank
No of feeder Channels= 2.00
Peak Flow per channel= 250 m3/hr
= 0.069 m3/s

Velocity,

Flow Q=VA , A= Q/V

Slope, s for preventing settling= 0.15%
Roughness coefficient, n= 0.013
Hydraulic radius, R = A/P = WD/(W+2D), W=width of rectangular channel D=Flow depth
Take width of feeder channel, W= 0.40 m
Assume, D= 0.62 W
R= 0.11 m
V= 0.69 m/s
A= 0.10 m2
Calculated W= 0.40 m
Calculated D= 0.25 m
Total Length of Feeder channel= 54.00 m
Wall height= 0.70 m

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Calculations Cont’d:

Distribution Channel:- Receives from feeder channel and conveys to down pipe.

Number of distribution channels= 4

Peak Flow per channel= 125 m3/hr =0.035 m3/s
Slope, s for preventing settling= 0.10%
Take width of distribution channel, W= 0.35 m
Assume D= 0.57 W
R= 0.09 m
V= 0.50 m/s
A= 0.07 m2
Calculated W= 0.35 m
Calculated D= 0.20 m
Total Length of Distribution channel= 108 m
Wall height= 0.90 m
Weir length= 108 m

Down Pipe:- Receives from distribution channel and distributes to the reactor floor.
Coverage area with one pipe= 4 m2
Total Floor area= 432 m2
Number of pipes= 108
Average Flow per inlet pipe= 55 m3/day
Peak Flow per inlet pipe= 4.63 m3/hr
=Q design 0.00129 m3/s
Hazen Williams roughness constant, HWC= 120 uPVC or HDPE pipe
Assumed diameter= 56 mm (DN63)
Specific loss= 0.0180 m/km
Velocity, V= 0.79 m/s
Pipe length= 6.00 m
Total head loss= 0.108 m
Spacing b/n feeder down pipe= 1.00 m
Provide 27.0 down pipe per distribution channel
Total Length of pipe= 648.0 m

Collection System
Collector Trough:- Receives clarified wastewater from the reactor
Weir length / channel= 27 m
No. collectors / Reactor= 8
peak flow per collector= 62 m3/hr = 0.017 m3/s
Slope, s for preventing settling= 0.10%
Take width of main collector channel, W= 0.25 m
Assume, D= 0.66 W
R= 0.07 m
V= 0.41 m/s
A= 0.04 m2
Calculated W= 0.25 m
Calculated D= 0.17 m
Length of collector per reactor= 216 m
Wall height= 0.60 m
Slab width= 0.45 m
Penstocks= 16

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Calculations Cont’d:

Effluent Collection Channel (Main):- Receives clarified effluent from the collection troughs and conveys to effluent
pipe system.
Number of Collection channels per reactor= 1
Peak Flow per channel= 500 m3/hr
= 0.139 m3/s
Slope, s for preventing settling= 0.10%
Take width of main collector channel, W= 0.60 m
Assume, D= 0.56 W
R= 0.16 m
V= 0.69 m/s
A= 0.20 m2
Calculated W= 0.60 m
Calculated D= 0.33 m
Width per reactor= 16 m
Wall height= 0.59 m
Penstocks= 2
Gas Hood
Serves to concentrate (guide) the gas escaped from the reactor.
Four rectangular gas hoods are provided each measuring 27.0m (L) x 0.50m (W) x 0.79m (D).
0.44 m of the bottom depth is submerged in liquid while the top 0.35 m is kept above the liquid.
The hood should have an internal lining with fibber reinforced plastic (FRP).
One outlet pipe DN150 will be provided to convey the gas to flaring unit.
Small openings (to be plugged) for injecting foaming protection chemicals will also be provided.
Sludge Removal System
Serves to remove excess sludge from the reactor.
Sludge removing openings fitted with pipe and valves should be installed at two levels on the long side
walls.
For sludge removal
At level 0.35 m above the floor level – 6 (six) DN160 PVC @ 4.5m c/c
At level 1.25 m above the floor level – 6 (six) DN110 PVC @ 4.5m c/c should be fixed.
For sampling
At level 2.05 m above the floor – 3 (three) DN63 PVC @ 9.0m c/c
At level 3.90 m above the floor level – 3 (three) DN63 PVC @ 9.0m c/c should be fixed.
Levels
Mean Ground Level= 2,099.00 masl
Lower Excess Sludge Outlet Level= 2,098.25 masl
Reactor Floor Level= 2,097.90 masl
Maximum LL in Feeder Channel= 2,103.725 masl
MWL in Reactor= 2,102.90 masl
Effluent Channel liquid Level= 2,102.78 masl

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1.17 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 10 – UASB

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

FC 9.76E+06 FC/100ml length: 27 m
I.N. eggs 125 egg/l width.: 16 m
BOD5 352 mg/l Height.: 5.50 m
COD 640 mg/l Quantity.: 2 Nos
TSS 220 mg/l

Explanatory Remarks:
All components of the UASB reactors are constructed as a unit and share the same structures.
The total volume of the reactor contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating removal efficiency.
BOD Removal efficiency is assumed 75%
COD Removal efficiency is assumed 76%
. As a result of biodegradation reduction of TSS will occur
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R

Retention time,  = V/Q,   100 

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

o
For Temperature 19.4 C, kT = 2.34
Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent
Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 9.91E+06 1.44 9.76E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 307 59.13 125
BOD5 mg/l 352 75 88
COD mg/l 460 76 154
TSS mg/l 220 68 70

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1.18 Unit 11: Sludge Line (SLG.L01)

Task: Conveyance of Digested Sludge

Type: uPVC / HDPE pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qp1 = 278 l/s
Pressurized pipe system
Q p2 = 445 l/s Diameter(mm) Length(m)
250 32
400 57
Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Conveys digested sludge from the sludge layer of UASB to Flow Distribution Tank Four (FDT.04).
Sludge Line One (SLG.L01) connects the UASB (Unit 10) at one end and FDT.04 (Unit 20a) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.02.1.1 & CLN02.1.2) will only be laid for Stage one. CLN.02.1.1 connects CH1 and UASB1.1. CLN02.1.2
connects CH4 and UASB1.2.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.01.
The design flow is the larger of year 50% of Stage 1 peak flow and 25% of Stage 2 peak flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:
HYDRAULIC
LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
FDT1-1 J.01 2,105.17 2,099.05 2,105.17 2,105.00 23.00 0.40 0.139
CLN.02.1.1
J.01 UASB1.1.1 2,099.05 2,103.72 2,105.00 2,104.57 8.00 0.25 0.069
CLN.02.1.2 J.01 UASB1.1.2 2,099.05 2,103.72 2,104.95 2,104.60 8.00 0.25 0.07
FDT1-4 J.02 2,105.17 2,099.00 2,105.17 2,104.97 23.00 0.40 0.14
CLN.02.2.1
J.02 UASB1.2.1 2,099.00 2,103.72 2,104.97 2,104.54 8.00 0.25 0.07
CLN.02.2.2 J.02 UASB1.2.2 2,099.00 2,103.72 2,104.97 2,104.62 8.00 0.25 0.07

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
FDT1-1 J.01 0.0040 1.11 0.14 0.08 0.22 5.90
CLN.02.1.1
J.01 UASB1.1.1 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.34 0.43 0.80
CLN.02.1.2 J.01 UASB1.1.2 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.26 0.35 0.88
FDT1-4 J.02 0.0040 1.11 0.09 0.11 0.20 5.97
CLN.02.2.1
J.02 UASB1.2.1 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.34 0.43 0.82
CLN.02.2.2 J.02 UASB1.2.2 0.0110 1.43 0.09 0.26 0.35 0.90

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1.19 Unit 12: Connection Line Three (CLN.03)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: uPVC & or DCI pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qp1 = 278 l/s
Pressurized pipe system DN 400mm to DN 600mm
Q p2 = 445 l/s

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Connection Line Three (CLN.03) connects the main effluent collection channels of UASB (Unit 10) at one end and
wastewater receiving chamber of FDT02 (Unit 13) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.03.1.1 & CLN03.1.2) will only be laid for Stage One. CLN.03.1 connects UASB1.1and J.11. CLN03.2
connects UASB1.2 and J.11. CLN.03 connects J.11 and FDT.02.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlets of UASB. The design flows are as presented in the
calculation table below. Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:
HYDRAULIC
LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.03.1.1 UASB1.1.1 J.08 2,102.50 2,098.80 2,102.50 2,102.46 13.00 0.4 0.07
CLN.03.1.2 J.08 J.09 2,098.80 2,098.65 2,102.46 2,102.39 17.00 0.5 0.14
CLN.03.1.3 J.09 J.10 2,098.65 2,097.90 2,102.39 2,102.37 8.00 0.6 0.17
CLN.03.1.4 J.10 J.11 2,097.90 2,097.40 2,102.37 2,102.24 35.40 0.6 0.23
CLN.03.2.1 UASB1.2.1 J.05 2,102.50 2,098.80 2,102.50 2,102.46 13.00 0.4 0.07
CLN.03.2.2 J.05 J.06 2,098.80 2,098.65 2,102.46 2,102.39 17.00 0.5 0.14
CLN.03.2.3 J.06 J.07 2,098.65 2,097.90 2,102.39 2,102.37 8.00 0.6 0.17
CLN.03.2.4 J.07 J.11 2,097.90 2,097.40 2,102.37 2,102.22 52.00 0.6 0.23
CLN.03 J.11 FDT.03 2,097.40 2,100.05 2,102.22 2,101.99 33.00 0.6 0.28

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.03.1.1 UASB1.1.1 J.08 0.0011 0.56 0.01 0.03 0.05 3.66
CLN.03.1.2 J.08 J.09 0.0014 0.71 0.02 0.05 0.07 3.74
CLN.03.1.3 J.09 J.10 0.0008 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.02 4.47
CLN.03.1.4 J.10 J.11 0.0014 0.81 0.05 0.08 0.15 4.84
CLN.03.2.1 UASB1.2.1 J.05 0.0011 0.56 0.01 0.03 0.05 3.66
CLN.03.2.2 J.05 J.06 0.0014 0.71 0.02 0.05 0.07 3.74
CLN.03.2.3 J.06 J.07 0.0008 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.02 4.47
CLN.03.2.4 J.07 J.11 0.0014 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.13 4.82
CLN.03 J.11 FDT.03 0.0020 0.99 0.07 0.16 0.23 1.94

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1.20 Unit 13: Flow Distribution Tank Two (FDT.02)

Task: Receives Clarified Wastewater and Distributes to Trickling filter, Equal distribution of wastewater flow to the trickling
filters via ductile iron pipes

Type: Reinforced Concrete Structure Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 227 l/s width: 7.40 m
QPeak = 445 l/s height: 9.40 m
length: 6.55 m

Drawings: CTW-FDT.02

Explanatory Remarks:
Flow Distribution Tank Two – FDT.02: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting chamber. It
serves as flow splitting and as control chamber for the trickling filters. It receives the wastewater from UASB as well as the
return wastewater from the FDT.03.
The chamber is located at the centre of the trickling filter units. From there the flow is distributed by gravity via 2 ductile iron
pipes DN 400 to the two adjacent trickling filters
The receiving chamber of FDT.02 has a measurement of 4.50m (L) x 4.20m (W) x 2.10m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2100.05 masl and the maximum water level is fixed at 2101.55 masl.
The flow splitting unit has four compartments, two for Stage I and four for Stage II flow conditions. The wastewater flow over
1.0 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each splitting chambers measures 1.30m (L) x 1.30m (W) x 1.55m (D). Gates,
which will be controlled from the control room on the second floor, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet. The two
outlets will be sealed until Stage II works commence.
In order to regulate the flow to the trickling filters or cut off the flow completely for maintenance purposes, two penstocks will
be installed.
The maximum wastewater level in the splitting chamber shall be fixed at 2101.08 masl.
Equipment
2 manually adjustable penstocks DN 400
Pipe work DN 400 DI, length approximately 2 x 27.5.0 m
Pipe work DN 100 DI, incl. 2 valves DN 100 (wash-out)

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Calculations:
Design Year 2020 2030
Effluent from UASB peak= 0.28 0.45 m3/s
Recycled flow from TF= 0.24 0.39 m3/s
Design Flow,= 0.51 0.84 m3/s
detention time= 54.0 33.0 sec
Volume= 28 28 m3
Depth= 1.50 1.50 m
Area= 18.50 18.9 m2
Length= 4.50 4.50 m
Width= 4.20 4.20 m
Divides flow in to= 0.40 0.40

Where, Cd=0.6 & g=9.81m2/s

Maximum Water Level in, Receiving Chamber= 2,101.55 2,101.55 masl
Take length of weir= 1.00 1.00 m
Maximum flow, Q= 0.257 0.210 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.276 0.241 m
Weir Top level= 2,101.27 2,101.27 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.47 0.47 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,101.08 2,101.08 masl

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1.21 Unit 14: Connection Line Four (CLN.04)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: uPVC & or DCI pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q1 = 257 l/s
Pressurized pipe system DN 500mm,
Length = 2 x 26 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Connection Line Four (CLN.04) connects the FDT.02 (Unit 13) at one end and Central column pipe of Trickling Filters (Unit
14) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.04.1 & CLN04. 2) will only be laid for Stage One. CLN.04.1 connects FDT.02 and TF1.1. CLN04.2
connects FDT.02 and TF1.2.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlets of FDT.02. The design flows are as presented in the
calculation table below. Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.04.1 FDT.02 TF1.1 2,101.08 2,096.85 2,101.08 2,100.66 26.00 0.5 0.257
CLN.04.2 FDT.02 TF1.2 2,101.08 2,096.85 2,101.08 2,100.66 26.00 0.5 0.257

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) m m
CLN.04.1 FDT.02 TF1.1 0.0042 1.32 0.11 0.14 0.247 3.98
CLN.04.2 FDT.02 TF1.2 0.0042 1.32 0.11 0.14 0.247 3.98

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1.22 Unit 15: Trickling Filters

Task: Removal of organic substances

Type: Cylindrical, reinforced concrete Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 units

structure with stone filter media Qh = 257+257 = 514 l/s Diameter: 22 m
BOD5-load = 1,043 kg/d Height: 3.15 m
TSS-load = 835 kg/d Filter Media Height: 1.80
m

Drawings: CTW-TF.01

Explanatory Remarks:
Downstream of the UASB reactor (about 47 m from the edge) a bio-filter stage will be constructed. It consists of 2
trickling filters of diameter 22 m each and a total height of approximately 3.15 m above ground level. The structures
will be circular and made of reinforced concrete walls and floor slabs. The structures are situated above ground.
Filter media made of river stone will be used.
The wastewater flow will be equally distributed to the trickling filters via flow splitting chamber FDT.02 and ductile
iron pipes DN 400. FDT.02 is situated at the centre of the filters. Manually operated penstocks allow the shut-off of
flow to the filters. To assure the uniform distribution of the wastewater within the filters, rotary sprinklers shall be
installed in each tank.
Additionally to the wastewater flow from the UASB, re-circulation water from the Lifting Station Two (LS.02) shall be
introduced to FDT.02. This is to assure a permanent rotation of the distributor arms and the removal of the bio-mass
from the filter material independently of the quantity of wastewater inflow from the primary ponds. The design re-
circulation water will be approximately 118 l/s for each filter.
The filtered water, together with the washed out bio-mass, will be collected in a channel in the centre of the floor
slab and will flow to the collection chamber (CCH.02) located between the two trickling filters before
entering/continuing to the lifting station two (LS.02).
Equipment
2 Rotary sprinklers with 4 arms each, mounted on centre domes.
The centre domes shall be covered with galvanized steel grits.

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Calculations:
Type of process selected is High Rate Trickling Filter
BOD removal and partial nitrification
Filter media Rock (River stone)
Design based on BOD removal efficiency,

Where: E1 is removal efficiency in %, W1 is total BOD load in Kg, V is filter media volume in m 3, F is recirculation
factor =(1+R)/(1+R/10)2 and R is recirculation rate.
Design Year 2020 2030
Average flow 0.14 0.23 m3/s
11,859 20,198 m3/day
Peak Flow 0.28 0.45 m3/s
1,000 1,636 m3/hr
Peak Factor 2.02 1.94
Expected effluent BOD= 25 25 mg/l
Combined Removal Efficiency, E= (BODinf-BODef)/BODinf
= 72% 72%
Hydraulic Loading Rate, HL = 35.0 35.0 m3/m2-d
Organic Loading Rate, OL = 0.8 0.8 KgBOD5/m3-d
Depth, d= 1.8 1.8 m
R= 0.85 1.10
Q= 11,859 20,198 m3/d
Total BOD= 1,043 1,776 kg/day
TSS= 835 1,422 kg/day

Filter Sizing
For design organic loading, Volume of media, V= BOD/OL
Design Year 2020 2030
V= 1,390 2,368 m3
Total volume of sewage per day, Qtot = Daily flow + Recalculated flow
Qtot= 21,940 42,416 m3/day
Filter Area= Qtot/HL
Atot= 626.9 1,211.9 m2
Use Circular Filter with diameter, D= 22.0 22.0 m
Area per filter, A= 380.1 380.1 m2
Taking number of filters= 2 4
Media Depth, d= Volume of filter media/Surface Area
1.80 1.80 m
Flow per filter, q= 10,970 10,604 m3/d

The design is governed by the Stage I (Year 2020) peak flow.

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Calculations Cont’d:
Distribution pipe center level= 2,099.01 m
Distributor pipe diameter= 0.25 m
Clearance b/n pipe center & top level of filter= 0.36 m
Filter Diameter= 22 m
Filter media top level= 2,098.65 masl
Filter Media depth= 1.80 m
Under drain system height= 0.50 m
Filter bottom above finished ground= 0.35 m
Free board above media= 0.50 m
Filter height above ground= 3.15 m
Floor level of filter= 2,096.35 masl
Finished Ground Level= 2,096.00 masl The site for Trickling filters
should be leveled to this elevation
Existing Mean Ground Level= 2,096.80 masl
Checking for Hydraulic Loading, HL= (Q+Qr)/A
= 29 m3/m2-d OK
Recirculation factor, F1= 1.57
Total BOD applied to a filter, W1=Total BOD/2 521 Kg
Volume of a filter media, V=A x d 684 m3
BOD removal efficiency, E1= 76.4%
Effluent BOD= 123 Kg/day = 11.2 mg/l
Effluent COD= 246 Kg/day = 36 mg/l

ROTARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The rotary distribution system is designed for peak flow plus recycled flow
Q peak= 0.514 m3/s
No of filter units= 2
Design flow per unit, q= 0.257 m3/s
1 - Central Column
Conveys wastewater from CNL.04 to the distribution arm at the top of the filter media.
Assuming flow velocity, Vc= 2.00 m/s
Diameter of central column= 0.40 m
Checking for average flow condition Qavg= 0.127 m3/s
Specific loss, s = 0.0034 m/m
Vavg= 1.0 m/s >= 1 m/s OK
For peak flow, Specific loss, s = 0.0125 m/m
Calculated Velocity, V= 2.06 m/s
Length of center pipe, L= 2.5 m
Loss in pipe = 0.031 m
Loss in Reducer= 0.04 m
Loss in 90 degree= 0.09 m
Loss in central bearing distributor= 0.05 m
Total Loss in DN400 pipe system= 0.21 m
HGL at Bottom Junction= 2,100.83 masl
Rotary Arm Center level= 2,099.01 masl
Pressure head at center level of arm= 1.60 m

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Calculations Cont’d:
2 - Arms
Conveys wastewater from central column to the offices for even distribution on top of the filter media.
Rotary reaction spray type distributor with arms is selected.
Number of Arms= 4
Flow per arm, qa= q/4 = 0.064 m3/s
Diameter of filter used= 22 m
Using the first 1 m in the central part without orifices
Length of arm= 11.00 m
Net one arm length= 10.80 m
No segment per arm= 3.00
Length of segment= 4.00 m
Area of filter to be covered by each segment A1, A2, A3 respectively

A2   (r3  r2 ) A3   ( r  r3 )
2 2 2 2
A1   (r2  r1 )
2 2

r1= 0.20 m A1= 28.15 m

r2= 3.00 m A2= 125.66 m2
2
r3= 7.00 m A3= 226.19 m
2
r= 11.00 m A=A1+A2+A3 = 380.0 m
Proportional area to be served by each segment are
1st=A1/A= 7.4%
2nd=A2/A= 33.1%
3nd=A3/A= 59.5%

Sizing of Distributor Segments.

Design Value
Parameter Unit 1st 2nd 3rd
Segment Segment Segment
Discharge=q= m3/s 0.064 0.059 0.038
Assumed flow velocity, Va= m/s 1.20 1.20 1.25
Arm diameter, Da= m 0.25 0.25 0.20
Specific loss= m/m 0.009 0.008 0.011
Calculated Velocity= m/s 1.35 1.22 1.23
Loss= m 0.028 0.033 0.043
Total loss in arm= m 0.105

3 - Orifices
Evenly distributes the wastewater on top of filter media. Each segment of an arm will be provided with different number of
orifices. Spacing of orifices shall be proportional to the area covered.

Flow through orifice, Qorf  Cd A 2 gh

Use orifices diameter, dorf= 15 mm No orifices in the 1st segment= 8

assume discharge coefficient, Cd= 0.65 Spacing= 37 cm c/c
Taking a water head causing flow, h= 1.50 m No orifices in the 2nd segment= 34
Qorf= 6.2313E-04 m3/s Spacing= 12 cm c/c
Number of orifices per arm= Flow per arm / flow per orifices No orifices in the 3rd segment= 61
= 103 Spacing= 7 cm c/c

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Calculations Cont’d:
UNDER DRAIN SYSTEM
Central rectangular channel feed by radial laterals with semicircular section.

1 - Central Channel
2 1
Flow equation adopted is, 1
Q  AR 3 S 2
n

Peak discharge through each filter = 0.26 m3/s

Assuming velocity at peak flow, V= 1.30 m/s
Rectangular section Area, A= 0.20 m2
Taking width, W= 0.45 m
Depth= 0.44 m
Velocity at average flow, Vavg= 0.6 m/s
A= 0.198 m
Wet perimeter, P= 1.330 m
Hydraulic radius, R=A/P= 0.149
Manning's coefficient of n= 0.018
Slope of channel bed, S = 0.01 take 1:100
Thus, Use central channel with W=0.45m depth, D=0.47 slope, S=1:100
For average flow, Qavg= 0.127 m3/s
for q= 0.127 m3/s
flow depth d= 0.220 m
area of flow, a= 0.099 m2
Velocity at average flow, Vavg= 1.28 m/s >=0.9 m/s ok!!
Use Rectangular Central Channel with W= 0.45 m and
Depth, D= 0.45 m
Free board= - m
Under drain top level= 2,096.85 masl
Under drain system height= slotted slab + lateral support
= 0.50 m
Filter floor level (peripheral)= 2,096.35 masl
Starts @ 0+ 0.80 m
Lateral drop @ center= 0.20 m
Central channel invert level @ center= 2,095.70 masl
half length of channel= 10.20 m
Central channel starting bottom level= 2,095.80 masl
Central channel starting top level= 2,096.28 masl
Length of channel= 22.30 m
Level difference= 0.22 m
Outlet invert level= 2,095.58 masl
Outlet chamber invert level= 2,095.55 masl
Water level in chamber= 2,095.80 masl

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Calculations Cont’d:
2 - Lateral
Laterals shall be blocks with semi circular section at bottom

Take diameter= 0.15 m

proportionate depth, d/D= 0.42
q/Q= 0.376
v/V= 0.929
using Manning’s' coef, n= 0.018
and lateral slop of 1:50, S= 2%
Q= 0.016
q= 0.0058 m3/s
Number of laterals= 44
Center distance b/n laterals= 1.00 m
Qfull = q/(q/Q) = 0.0156 m3/s
V full= 0.880 m/s
Velocity at peak flow, v= 0.82 m/s>0.75 m/s ok
Under drain support height= 0.50 m
Lateral length = 9.98 m
Drop in level at center channel= 0.20 m

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1.23 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 15 – Trickling Filter

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 Units

FC 5.24E+06 FC/100ml Diameter: 22 m
I.N. eggs 18 egg/l Height.: 2.30 m
BOD5 88 mg/l
COD 154 mg/l
TSS 70 mg/l

Explanatory Remarks:
The total volume of the filter (filter media and under drain system) contributes to the total detention time, which is
applied in calculating bacteriological removal efficiency.
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085 θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent
Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 5.24E+06 25.7 3.89E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 18 61.85 7
BOD5 mg/l 88 76.4 11
COD mg/l 154 76.4 36
TSS mg/l 70 0 70

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1.24 Unit 16: Line Five (CLN.05) & Collection Chamber Two (CCH.02)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater and Combining flow

Type: Concrete Pipe and Concrete structure Design Data: Main Dimensions:
Q1 = 257 l/s
DN 500mm, Length = 9.40 m
Q2 = 514 l/s
Length = 2.90 m, Width=1.40
m, Height = 1.76 m

Drawings: CTW-CCH.02

Explanatory Remarks:
Unit 16a- Connection Line Five (CLN.05)
Connection Line Five (CLN.05) connects the under drain channel of Trickling Filter (Unit 15) at one end and
Collection Chamber Two (CCH.02) (Unit 16) at the other end.
The pipe line will be an open channel gravity line. The design flows are as presented in the calculation table
below. Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe
loss(m), L=Pipe length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)
Unit 16b- Collection Chamber Two (CCH.02)
This chamber receives filtered wastewater from the two trickling filters. The wastewater from each filter will pass
over a concrete weir installed in the chamber and falls in to the combining chamber before it gravitates to the
troughs of LS.02.
The chamber is located between the two Stage I trickling filter units. The receiving chambers of CCH.02 have a
measurement of 0.70m (L) x 1.40m (W) x 0.99 to 1.02m (D). The floor level is fixed at 2094.60 masl and the
maximum water level is fixed at 2095.84 masl for TF1.1 and 2095.81 masl for TF1.2.
The wastewater flow over 1.4 m wide weir into the combining chamber that measures 1.20m (L) x 1.40m (W) x
1.00m (D). One penstock will be installed at the outlet side.
The wastewater level in the combining chamber shall be fixed at 2095.50 masl.
Equipment
1 manually adjustable penstocks DN 900
Pipe work DN 500 RC, length approximately 8.40 m
Pipe work DN 100 DI, incl. 3 valves DN 100 (wash-out)

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Calculations:
Unit 16a – CLN.05

SEWER LINE
REFERENCE CALC PROP
NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.

  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)

CLN.05.1 TF1-1 CCH.02 2,095.82 2,096.70 2,095.58 2,095.56 2.30 420 500
CLN.05.2 TF1-2 CCH.02 2,095.82 2,096.70 2,095.58 2,095.52 6.10 420 500

SEWER LINE ANGLE DEPTH

REFERENCE OF ACTUAL OF
NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D
RADIAN
  FROM TO Q (M3/s) V (m/s) S     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
CLN.05.1 TF1-1 CCH.02 0.41 2.08 3.45 0.63 2.20 288 58
CLN.05.2 TF1-2 CCH.02 0.41 2.08 3.45 0.63 2.20 288 58

Unit 16b – CCH.02

Line= CLN.5.1 CLN.5.2
Flow from each filter= 0.257 0.257 m3/s
Maximum Water Level = 2,095.85 2,095.81 masl
Over flow Weir Rectangular weir

Flow is given by

Take length of weir= 1.40 1.40 m

maximum flow, Q= 0.257 0.257 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.221 0.221 m
Weir Top level= 2,095.63 2,095.59 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.31 0.31 m
Water level in Collecting chamber= 2,095.54 2,095.50 masl
Width= 1.40 1.40 m
Length= 2.90 2.90 m
Height= 1.76 1.76 m

The maximum water level in the combining chamber shall be fixed at 2095.50 masl

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1.25 Unit 17: Connection Line Six (CLN.06)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: DCI pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q = 514 l/s
Pressurized pipe system DN 900mm
Length = 51 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Connection Line Six (CLN.06) connects effluent collection chamber (CCH.02) of Trickling Filters (Unit 16b) at one end and
wastewater receiving trough of Lifting Station Two – LS.02 (Unit 18) at the other end.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control at the outlets of CCH.02.
A design flow is the stage I peak flow plus recirculation flow as presented in the calculation table below. Hazen Williams
equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.06 CCH.02 LS.02 2,096.80 2,094.63 2,095.50 2,095.36 51.00 0.9 0.514

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.06 CCH.02 LS.02 0.0009 0.81 0.044 0.09 0.14 0.73

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1.26 Unit 18: Lifting Station Two - LS.02

Task: Lifting digested and filtered wastewater to the flow distribution tank FDT-03

Type: Concrete Trough, Inclined Concrete Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Channel, Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.03, QD = 514 l/s length: 21.70 m
Pump Drive and Control Room. Qavg = 841 l/s Width: 10.40 m
Height: 1.85 / 11.65m
Footing: 2.5 / 3.0 m

Drawings: CTW.LS2.01 to CTW.LS2.03

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Explanatory Remarks:
Lifting station one is located south east of stage one trickling filters. The coordinates of the inlet trough inside wall midpoint
are X=476179.3, Y=984000.7. The ground level varies from 2096 to 2097 masl. LS.02 consists of: concrete trough, inclined
concrete channel, flow distribution tank three – FDT.03 and pump drive & control room.
18a- Trough: is rectangular concrete structure and receives the filtered wastewater before it is lifted to the FDT.03. The
trough serves as a sump for the screw pumps. The net inside dimensions are 5.67m (L) x 8.45m (W) x 1.6m (D). Six
concrete stools cast together with the trough floor will serve to support the Archimedean screw pump at the bottom end. The
floor level is fixed at 2098.50 masl.
18b-Inclined Channel: is a concrete structure that serves to guide the wastewater when the screw pump operates. Six
channels having 38.3o inclination with horizontal shall be cast in suit. The net inside dimensions of each channel is 11.45m (L)
x 1.20m (W) x 1.4m (D).
The trough has to be shaped (profiled) by a rail attached to the Archimedean screw pump. An accurate and even gap has to
be maintained between helix and trough over the entire length of inclined channel bed. The touch point with which the rim of
the screw will be aligned shall be fixed at 2095.01 masl. The downstream discharge point also referred as Chute Point is fixed
at 2102.11 masl.
18c-Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.02: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting chamber.
It serves as flow splitting and as header tank.
The receiving chamber of FDT.02 has a measurement of 4.40m (L) x 8.45m (W) x 3.10m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2099.70masl and the maximum water level is the same as the Chute Point (2102.11 masl).
The flow splitting unit has five compartments, One for recycled flow, two for Stage I and additional two for Stage II flow
conditions. The wastewater flow over the respective weirs into the splitting chambers.
The chamber for diverting recycling flow has an inside dimension of 1.90m (L) x 2.05 m (W) x 2.22 m (D). 1.60 m wide over
flow weir has to be installed on this chamber. DN1000 DCI pipe should also be connected to the chamber in order to convey
the recycled wastewater to FDT.02. The maximum wastewater level in this chamber shall be fixed at 2101.66 masl
The other four splitting chambers measures 1.40m (L) x 1.40 m (W) x 2.22 m (D). On each chamber a 0.95 m weir will be
installed. DN 400 uPVC pipe should also be connected to these chambers in order to convey the treated wastewater to the
final sedimentation tank (FST) for further treatment. The maximum wastewater level in the four splitting chambers shall be
fixed at 2101.71 masl
Gates, which will be controlled from the control room on the second floor, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet. The
two outlets will be sealed until Stage II works commence.

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18d-Pump Drive and Control Room: The Archimedean screw pumps will be derived by a pump drive located in the second
floor. The same room will serve to accommodate the control panels, gantry cranes and valve spindle heads. The room is
6.00m (L) x 9.90m (W) x 4.50m (H).
Concrete stools (measuring 1.63m (L) x 0.70 (W) x 1.19 m (D)) cast in the control room will provide a support for the
Archimedean screw pump.
Access to the flow distribution tank is provided by manholes from the same room. The ground level is fixed at 2103.05 masl.
Equipments
Inclined Channel: 3+1 Archimedean screw pump (Q= 151 l/s each, lifting head = 7.10 m complete with centre tube and shaft)
Flow Distribution Tank Three – FDT.03:
3 Stainless steel adjustable flat rectangular Weirs (1No. 1600 x150 x 4 mm, 2 Nos. 950 x 150 x 4mm).
1 DN1000 penstock complete with spindle (arm) and all necessary fittings.
2 DN 400 gate valve complete with spindle (arm) and all necessary fittings
Control room: Electric motor, three phase, squirrel cage, induction type, 380v, 50hz , reduction gear box & all accessories.
3 ton monorail crane with fixed I-beam, manual hoist with integral trolley, chain and all accessories.
Calculations:
Archimedean Screw Pump:
Stage I II
Mean ground level at pumping station= 2,096.00 2,096.00 masl
Min sewage level in trough= 2,095.36 2,095.36 masl
Optimum Intake level = 2,095.20 2,095.21 masl
Diameter of screw (Helix), D= 0.90 0.90 m
Center tube diameter, d= 0.50 0.50 m
Trough floor level= 2,094.64 2,094.64 masl
Touch point= 2,095.01 2,095.01 masl
Chute point= 2,102.11 2,102.11 masl
Lift height= 7.10 7.10 m
Discharge, lifting capacity of a single pump, q = a n D3 where, a is constant (0.21 -
0.33) and n is radial speed revolution per minutes (20 - 100 rpm)=50/D (2/3)
For a = 0.231, n= 53.6 rpm and q= 9.07 m3/min = 0.151 m3/s
Q design = Q peak= 0.514 0.841 m3/s
Leakage= 10% 10% m3/s
Number of lines in parallel= 4 6
Lifting head= 7.10 7.10 m
Average flow= 0.25 0.49 m3/s
Pumps in operation for avg= 2.0 4.0
Stand by= 2.0 2.0

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Calculations Cont’d:
Power Requirement on Average
Year 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030
The power demand of the motor is calculated Average Flow Rate l/s 43 91 137 192 234
according the formula: Recirculation Flow /s 37 78 117 211 257
  g  Qp  h Total Flow Rate /s 80 169 254 403 491
P   1,2   kw HEAD m 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
1000  p  M
l/s 151 151 151 151 151
Where:  = density of the liquid g = 9,81 m/s2 Capacity /pump
(m³/hr) 542 542 542 542 542
Qp = max flow m3/s, hD = manometric height, No. of Pumps 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
p = efficiency of the pump (0.6), Stand By 1 1 2 2 2
M = efficiency of the motor (0.91) Total No. of Pumps 2 3 4 5 6
Kw 19 38 38 58 77
POWER
KVA 65 95 125 160 190

Detailed calculations regarding the power demand will be submitted by the Contractor.
Unit Stage I II
18a-Trough: Detention time, t= 1.02 0.62 min
Volume= 31 31 m3
Depth= 1.00 1.00 m
Area= 31 31 m2
Width= 5.55 8.45 m
Length 5.67 5.67 m
Free board= 0.60 0.60 m
Wall height= 1.60 1.60 m
Floor level elevation= 2,094.64 2,094.64 m
MWL= 2,095.64 2,095.64 masl
18b-Inclined Channel: Inclination= 38.3 38.3 degree
Inclined length= 11.45 11.45 m
Free board= 0.4 0.4 m
Bottom benching= 0.1 0.1 m
Side benching fill= 0.15 0.15 m
Side wall Height= 1.4 1.4 m
Wall Thickness= 0.25 0.25 m
Width per channel= 1.20 1.20 m
Horizontal length= 8.99 8.99 m

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Calculations Cont’d:
18c-Flow Distribution Tank Three FDT.03
The distribution tank will serve as header tank and flow splitter

2020 2030
Design Flow, peak= 0.51 0.84 m3/s
Detention time= 230 140 sec
Volume= 118.1 118.1 m3
Depth= 2.41 2.41 m
Area= 49.01 49.01 m2
Length= 5.80 5.80 m
Width= 8.45 8.45 m
Provide free board= 0.69 0.69 m
Structure Height= 3.10 3.10 m
Split Flow in to= 3 5
Ground Level elevation= 2,096.90 2,096.90 m
Maximum Water Level in, Receiving Chamber= 2,102.11 2,102.11 masl
Floor Level, Receiving Chamber= 2,099.70 2,099.70 masl
Flow Splitting Weir= Rectangular weir

Where, Cd=0.6 and g=9.81m2/s

Flow Splitting to Final Sedimentation Tank

Take length of weir= 0.95 0.95 m
Maximum flow, Q= 0.139 0.114 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.190 0.166 m
Weir Top level= 2,101.92 2,101.92 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.40 0.40 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,101.71 2,101.71 masl

Flow Splitting to FDT.02 (Recycled)

Take length of weir= 1.60 1.60 m
maximum flow, Q= 0.236 0.500 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.191 0.315 m
Weir Top level= 2,101.92 2,101.92 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.45 0.45 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,101.66 2,101.66 masl

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1.27 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 18 – Lifting Station 02

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

length: 5.67 m
FC 3.90E+06 FC/100ml
I.N. eggs 7 egg/l width.: 8.45 m

Explanatory Remarks:
From Unit 18a up to Unit 18c are constructed as a unit and share the same structures.
The combined volume of these units contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating removal efficiency.
BOD5 removal will not take place in these units.
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085 θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  
Where Ne=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of effluent
Ni=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of raw sewage
kT = first order rate constant for faecal coliform
= pond retention time

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Volume of LS.02, V=157 m3

Detention Time = 0.007 days

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent
Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 3.90E+06 1.65 3.83E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 7 59.14 2.75

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1.28 Unit 19: Connection Line Seven (CLN.07)

Task: Conveyance of Recycled Wastewater

Type: DCI pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q = 500 l/s
Pressurized pipe system DN 1000mm
Length = 51 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Connection Line Seven (CLN.07) connects Recycling chamber of FDT.03 at LS.02 (Unit 18c) at one end and flow distribution
tank two (FTD.02) (Unit 13) at the other end.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control at the outlets of FDT.03.
A design flow is the stage II recirculation flow at peak as presented in the calculation table below. Hazen Williams equation
has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.07 FDT.03 FDT.02 2,099.70 2,100.05 2,101.66 2,101.56 51.00 1.00 0.500

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.07 FDT.03 FDT.02 0.0005 0.64 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.01

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1.29 Unit 20: FDT.04 & SLG.03

Task: Receives digested sludge and Distributes to drying beds, Equal distribution of sludge flow to the drying via uPVC
pipes

Type: Reinforced Concrete Structure, uPVC Design Data: Main Dimensions:

pipe QD = 27 l/s width: 2.00 m
Length: 1.70 m
height: 2.80 m

Drawings: CTW-SDB.01, CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
20a - Flow Distribution Tank Four – FDT.04: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting
chamber. It serves as sludge collecting and distributing chamber. It receives the sludge from UASB.
The chamber is located at south of the Stage II trickling filter units. From there the sludge is distributed by gravity via DN 200
uPVC pipes to the drying beds
The receiving chamber of FDT.04 has a measurement of 1.70m (L) x 2.00m (W) x 1.40m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2096.50 masl and the maximum sludge level is fixed at 2097.50 masl.
The flow splitting unit has two compartments. The sludge flow over 0.50 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each
splitting chambers measures 1.00m (L) x 0.90m (W) x 1.40m (D). Gates, which will be controlled from the top of the
chamber, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet.
The maximum sludge level in the splitting chambers shall be fixed at 2097.20 masl.
20b – Sludge Line Three (SLG.03)
Conveys sludge collected in FDT.04 to the drying beds. (SLG.L03) connects the FDT.04 (Unit 20a) at one end and Drying
Beds at the other end.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.04.
The Stage II sludge production rate is used as a design flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)
Equipment
2 Nos. DN 200 Gate valves
Pipe work DN 200 uPVC, length approximately 96.0 m
Pipe work DN 100 DI, incl. 3 valves DN 100 (wash-out)

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Calculations:
20a - Flow Distribution Tank Four – FDT.04
Design Year 2020 2030
Digested from UASB = 0.016 0.027 m3/s
Detention time= 200 117 sec
Volume= 3.2 3.2 m3
Depth= 1.00 1.00 m
Area= 3.22 3.22 m2
Length= 2.00 2.00 m
Width= 1.70 1.70 m
Provide free board= 0.40 0.40 m

Where, Cd=0.6 & g=9.81m2/s

Ground Level elevation= 2,095.10 2,095.10 m
Fixing Maximum Sludge level in FDT4 at= 2,097.50 2,097.50 masl
Floor level elevation= 2,096.50 2,096.50 masl
Take length of weir= 0.50 0.50 m
Maximum flow, Q= 0.016 0.027 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.069 0.099 m
Weir Top level= 2,097.43 2,097.40 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.30 0.30 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,097.20 2,097.20 masl

20b – Sludge Line Three (SLG.03)

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
SLG.L03-1 FDT.04 Junction 2,096.50 2,094.00 2,097.50 2,096.57 112.00 0.20 0.027
SLG.L03-2 Junction DB 2,094.00 2,094.85 2,096.57 2,096.22 6.00 0.15 0.027

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
SLG.L03-1 FDT.04 Junction 0.0058 0.88 0.65 0.28 0.93 2.57
SLG.L03-2 Junction DB 0.0236 1.56 0.14 0.21 0.35 1.37

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1.30 Unit 21: Connection Line Eight (CNL.08)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: uPVC / HDPE pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qp1 = 278 l/s
Pressurized pipe system
Q p2 = 445 l/s Diameter(mm) Length(m)
400 142
Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Wastewater collected in collection chamber of Flow Distribution Tank Three (FDT.03) will flow over the weirs of flow splitter to
the separate chambers (for Stage 1, CH1 & CH2 and for Stage 2, CH3 & CH4).
Connection Line Eight (CLN.08) connects the flow splitting chambers (Unit 18c) at one end and the center tube of Final
Sedimentation Tank (FST) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.08.1 & CLN.08.2) will only be laid for Stage I. CLN.08.1 connects CH1 and FST.1.1 CLN.08.2 connects
CH2 and FST.1.2.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.03.
The design flow is the larger of year 50% of Stage 1 peak flow and 25% of Stage 2 peak flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.08.1 FDT.03 FST1.1 2,101.71 2,100.92 2,101.71 2,101.19 59.00 0.4 0.139
CLN.08.2 FDT.03 FST1.2 2,101.71 2,100.92 2,101.71 2,101.06 83.00 0.4 0.139

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.08.1 FDT.03 FST1.1 0.0040 1.11 0.24 0.28 0.52 0.27
CLN.08.2 FDT.04 FST1.2 0.0040 1.11 0.33 0.31 0.65 0.14

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1.31 Unit 22: Final Sedimentation Tank

Task: Removal of organic substances

Design Data:
Type: Cylindrical, reinforced concrete Main Dimensions: 2 units
Q design = 1,000 m3/hr
structure with stone filter media Diameter: 20 m
Q peak = 278 l/s
Side water depth: 3.0 m
Q average = 137 l/s
Bottom slope: 7.1 %

Drawings: CTW.FST.01 to CTW.FST.03

Explanatory Remarks:
North of the lifting station two (LS.02) a circular reinforced concrete tank with a central hopper for the removal of the
sludge will be installed. A center pier supports the mechanism of the rotating bridge.
The wastewater/sludge is distributed equally in all directions via the center well. The settled effluent is discharged
via a peripheral weir into the collecting trough which is placed around the entire circumference of the tank. It is
discharged via a concrete pipe to the outfall structure and pumping station three (LS.03).
Equipment
1 radial revolving bridge with suspended scraper blades,
1 scum removal blade mounted at water level,
1 DN 400 inlet Pipe arrangement from the FDT.03,
1 DN 200 sludge outlet pipe arrangement to the LS.01,
1 V-notched weir all round,

Operation
Continuous operation of the scraper bridge
Sludge removal in intervals

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Calculations:
Sedimentation tank type Circular centre feed
Average Hydraulic / Surface Loading Rate, HLR = 21.6 m3/m2-d
Peak Hydraulic / Surface Loading Rate, HLR < 40 m3/m2-d
Peak Solid Loading Rate, SLR < 8 Kg/m2/hr
Side water depth, D=3.0 m

Design Year 2020 2030

Average flow= 0.137 0.234 m3/s
Average flow= 11,859 20,198 m3/day
Peak Flow= 0.278 0.455 m3/s
Peak Flow= 1,000 1,636 m3/hr
Peak Factor 2.02 1.94
FST influent
BOD5 11 mg/l
COD 36 mg/l
TSS 70 mg/l

For Hydraulic / Surface Loading Rate HLR= 21.6 m3/m2/day

Area = Q avg / HLR 549.0 m2
No of tanks= 2
Area per FST= 274.5 m2
Diameter= 20.0 m
Revised Area= 314.2 m
Solid Loading Rate SLR= QX/A, X= TSS
Solid loading= 834.9 kg/day
SLR= 0.11 kg/m2/hr<6 OK!

For Peak flow= 23,993.5 m3/day

HLR peak= 38.2 m3/m2/day < 40.8
SLR peak= 2.7 kg/m2/hr < 8

Volume = Area x Depth X No of Tanks

Volume = 1,885 m3
Average Detention time= V/Q
Average Detention time= 3.81 hrs
Detention time on peak= 1.89 hrs

Removal efficiency for BOD and SS in sedimentation tank

R= removal efficiency %, a & b = empirical constant, t = nominal detention time, hr

Typical value for empirical constants at 20oc
Item a b
BOD 0.018 0.02
TSS 0.0075 0.014

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Calculations Cont’d
for a=0.0075 and b=0.014
Suspended solid removal eff= 63%
Suspended solid in sewage = 835 kg per day
Weight of solid removed= 523 kg/day
Moisture content of raw sludge= 94%
6 kg of dry sludge makes 100kg of wet sludge
Sludge produced per day 8,715 kg
Assuming the specific gravity of wet sludge = 1.03 i.e 1030 kg/m3
Volume of wet sludge produced per day= 8.5 m3
Effluent Suspended solid concentration= 26 mg/l

BOD removal eff= 34%

effluent BOD= 7.4 mg/l

Inlet Design Center feed

Inlet / central column diameter 0.40 m
Diffuser well diameter= 15% of tank diameter
= 3.00 m

Diameter= 20.0 m
Radius / side water depth= 3.3 <5 OK!
Bottom slope= 71 mm/m
Sludge Sump top dia= 3.0 m
Sludge Sump Bottom dia= 1.5 m
Sludge produced per tank= 5.6 m3/day
Sludge Sump depth= 1.50 m
Height of sloping floor= 0.60 m
Maximum depth= 5.10 m
Mean Ground Level= 2,098.70 masl

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1.32 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 22 – FST

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 Units

FC 3.83E+06 FC/100ml Diameter: 20 m
I.N. eggs 2.75 egg/l Height.: 3 – 5.1 m
BOD5 11 mg/l
TSS 70 mg/l

Explanatory Remarks:
The total volume of the FST contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating bacteriological
removal efficiency.
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R

Retention time,  = V/Q,   100 

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent
Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 3.83E+06 29.1 2.72E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 2.75 62.0 1.03
BOD5 mg/l 11 33.8 11
TSS mg/l 70 62.6 26

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1.33 Unit 23: Return Sludge Line (RSG.01)

Task: Conveyance of return sludge

Type: uPVC / HDPE pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q = 14.1 l/s
Pressurized pipe system
Diameter(mm) Length(m)
150 172
Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Sludge settled in the sludge sump of final sedimentation tank should be removed periodically to the lifting station one
(LS.01) trough.
Sludge return line (RSG.01) connects the sludge sump of FST at one end and the trough of LS.01.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the desludging chamber of FST.
Sludge removal is once per day and the operation lasts only for 10 minutes. Thus, the design flow is 14.1 l/s.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m),
L=Pipe length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
RSG.L01 FST1.1 J.12 2,100.90 2,098.70 2,100.90 2,100.72 13.50 0.15 0.0141
RSG.L02 FST1.2 J.12 2,100.90 2,098.70 2,100.90 2,100.72 13.50 0.15 0.0141
RSG.L03 J.12 LS01 2,098.70 2,098.50 2,100.72 2,099.59 145.00 0.15 0.0141

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
RSG.L01 FST1.1 J.12 0.0069 0.81 0.09 0.09 0.18 2.02
RSG.L02 FST1.2 J.12 0.0069 0.81 0.09 0.09 0.18 2.02
RSG.L03 J.12 LS01 0.0069 0.81 1.00 0.13 1.13 1.09

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1.34 Unit 24: Final Effluent Line (CLN.09)

Task: Conveyance of Final Effluent

Design Data:
Type: DCI pipe / uPVC Main Dimensions:
Q1 = 139 l/s
Pressurized pipe system Q peak = 278 l/s DN 400 to DN 600 mm
Q average = 455 l/s Length = 51 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The final effluent from the FST will be conveyed via CLN.09 to the out fall structure located south of the drying beds before it
is discharged to the stream. Therefore CLN.09 connects effluent trough of FST (Unit 22) at one end and Outfall Structure
Two (OFS.02) at the other end.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control at the outlets of FST.
Different segment of the lines are designed with peak flows expected from the respective FST as presented in the calculation
table below.
A Tee connection will be provided at Junction 15 (J.15) to divert wash down water to the booster station three (LS.03) located
at south of FST1.1.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110.
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2.
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.09.1 FST1.1 J.14 2,100.80 2,097.00 2,100.80 2,100.51 20.00 0.4 0.139
CLN.09.2 FST1.2 j.13 2,100.80 2,097.40 2,100.80 2,100.57 13.30 0.4 0.139
CLN.09.3 j.13 J.14 2,097.40 2,097.00 2,100.57 2,100.42 15.00 0.5 0.341
CLN.09.4 J.14 J.15 2,097.00 2,096.90 2,100.42 2,100.29 6.70 0.6 0.455
CLN.09.5 J.15 OF.02 2,096.90 2,092.00 2,100.29 2,099.16 164.00 0.6 0.455

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.09.1 FST1.1 J.14 0.0040 1.11 0.08 0.21 0.29 3.51
CLN.09.2 FST1.2 j.13 0.0040 1.11 0.05 0.18 0.23 3.17
CLN.09.3 j.13 J.14 0.0071 1.75 0.11 0.05 0.15 3.42
CLN.09.4 J.14 J.15 0.0050 1.62 0.03 0.09 0.13 3.39
CLN.09.5 J.15 OF.02 0.0050 1.62 0.82 0.31 1.13 7.16

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1.35 Unit 25: Pumping Station 03 & Rising Main 01

Task: Lifting wash down water from final sedimentation tank to wash down tank at LS.01.

Type: Reinforced Concrete Structure, uPVC Design Data: Main Dimensions:

pipe work. Q = 13.9 l/s
length: 5.50 m
width: 5.00 m
height: 6.35 m (above ground)
2.00 m (below ground)

Drawings: CTW-GL.01 & CTW-LS03-01

Explanatory Remarks:
24a Pumping Station 03 (LS.03)
The pumping station is situated south of FST1.1. It consists of a wet wells and control room. The wet well serves as
the sump for the wash down water from the circular settling tanks.
The wet well receives the clarified water from the settling tank. The water is then pumped to the wash down water
tank located on the third floor of Lifting station one. The pump is designed to operate periodically as per the wash
down water requirement.
The pumping station consists of a reinforced concrete structure, pipe work and pumps. The dimensions of the wet
well are (3.5 m (L), 4.5 m (W) and 3.0 m (D). The effective volume of the wet well is about 33 m 3. The maximum water
Level in the wet well shall be fixed at 2099.75 masl. The chamber shall have an opening at the top, which shall be
enclosed with a steel railing.
On top of the wet well a control room and space for piping is provided. The dimensions are (5.10 m (L), 4.6 m (W) and
3.9 m (H). A gantry beam is also provided in the same room.
Equipment
Wet well: 1+1 submersible centrifugal pumps (Q= 14 l/s each, total pumping head approximately 16.00 – 21.00 m),
complete with non-return valves, valves and pipe work
252 m DN 200 uPVC/HDPE pipe between the pumping station and wash down water tank.
Control room: Out let pipe work with all accessories, 3 ton monorail crane with fixed I-beam, manual hoist with
integral trolley, chain and all accessories.
24b Rising Main Line (RMN.01)
A short segment of line (CLN09.6) connects effluent line (CLN.09) with the wet well inlet. The line is DN 150 uPVC
pipe with 11 m length.
A rising main (RMN.01) DN 150 and 252 m long connects the pumping station outlet pipe with the wash down tank
inlet pipe. This line serves to convey a wash down water from the wet well to the elevated tank.

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Calculations:
24a Pumping Station 03 (LS.03)
The WW will receive final effluent from FST
Effluent from FST = 0.0139 m3/s
Detention time= 40 min
Volume= 33.3 m3
Depth= 2.500 m
Area= 13.33 m2
Length= 3.50 m
Width= 3.90 m
Provide free board= 0.50 m
Ground Level elevation= 2,098.00 masl
WW Top slab soffit level= 2,100.25 masl
Maximum WL= 2,099.75 masl
Floor level elevation= 2,097.25 masl

Maximum water level in Wet Well= 2,099.75 masl

Minimum water level in Wet Well= 2,098.75 masl
Water Level in wash down tank= 2,113.23 masl
Static Head Difference= 14.48 m
Residual head at WDT= 5.00 m
RMN.01 Length= 152.0 m
Design Flow= 0.014 m3/s
Pipe diameter= 0.150 m
Total Loss= 1.27 m
Pumping Head Required= 21 m
No. of Pumps= 1 No
Stand By= 1 No
Total No. of Pumps = 2 No
Power= 6.0 Kw
= 20.0 KVA

24b Rising Main Line (RMN.01)

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.09.6 J.15 WW.01 2,096.90 2,096.80 2,100.29 2,100.17 10.00 0.15 0.014
RMN.01 WW.01 LS.01 2,096.80 2113.1 2,115.10 2,113.91 152.00 0.15 0.014

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.09.6 J.15 WW.01 0.0067 0.79 0.07 0.05 0.12 3.37
RMN.01 WW.01 LS.01 0.0067 0.79 1.02 0.25 1.27 0.73

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1.36 Unit 26: Sludge Drying Beds

Task: Drying of sludge resulting from digestion in the UASB reactors

Type: Sand filters with drainage pipes, beds Design Data: Main Dimensions: 10 units, each with:
enclosed with concrete walls Q = 13.9 l/s Length: 20.0 m
Width: 10.0 m

Drawings: CTW-GL-01 & CTW-SDB-01

Explanatory Remarks:
10 sludge drying beds will be constructed south of the sanitary land fill parallel to the stream, approximately 100 m
south of UASB1.2. The drying beds consist of 2 parallel units with 5 drying beds each.
The sludge drying beds will consist of filter layers with center perforated drainage pipes of DN 150 (concrete or PVC).
The width of the drying beds shall be 10 m, the total length will be 20 m. The beds are surrounded by concrete walls.
The filtered waste water from the beds is directed via collecting chamber 03 (CCH.03) to the outfall 03 located south
east of the drying beds. The sludge collected in the FDT.04 will gravitate to the sludge distribution channel
constructed on top of the side walls.
The filter layers of the beds consist of 20 cm sand and 30 – 45 cm gravel & stone fill on a smooth, sloped (1.4% long
side & 4% in short side) sub-grade. For the purpose of flushing the drainage pipes, manholes are inserted at the end
of the pipes.

Calculations:
 Open bed of sand will be used to dry the digested sludge
 Graded layer of gravel (crushed stone) overlain by sand shall be used for filtering
 Perforated PVC pipe shall be used to drain
Daily digested sludge production = 2,087 kg
Moisture content of digested sludge= 93% 7 kg of dry sludge makes 100kg of wet sludge
2,087 kg of solid will make 29,814 kg wet sludge produced per day
Assuming the specific gravity of wet sludge = 1.03 i.e 1030 kg/m3
daily digested sludge production = 28.9 m3/day
Sludge discharge hour per day= 0.5 hr
Sludge flow rate= 57.9 m3/hr
Sludge depth on bed= 0.30 m
Sand bed area required= 96.48 m2/day
Sludge drying time= 15.00 days including dried sludge removal time of 2 days
= 2.0 weeks
Number of utilizations per year= 26 times
Area of bed required per year= Daily area requirement x 365 / utilization frequency per year)
= 1354 m2
Making 40% allowance, Total Area= 1,896 m2
Assuming area per bed using 15 x 30 m size W=10.0 m, L=20.0 m
Number of beds= 10 No
Sludge level in Distributor channel= 2,094.85 masl
Mean Ground Level= 2,094.00 masl

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1.37 Unit 28: Sanitary Land Fill

Task: Reduction of moisture content of dried sludge.

Type: Pond with earth embankment Design Data: Main Dimensions: 1 unit
Dry Sludge V1 = 1,999 m3/year Area: 4823 m2
Depth: 4.0 m
Dry Sludge V2 = 3,404 m3/year

Drawings: CTW-GL-01 & CTW-SLF-01

Explanatory Remarks:
One sanitary land fill will be constructed north of the drying at about 100 m.
The pond will be constructed by cutting into the sloped ground level. The pond shall be constructed parallel to the
slopes as well as to the treatment plant’s eastern boundary.
The inner embankment of the pond will be sloped 1:3, whereas the outer banks of the dams will have a slope of 1:2.
The longest top embankment length is approximately 104 m and the width is 64 m. The total area at top embankment
is 4823 m2. The total depth will be 4.0m .

Calculations:
Design Year 2020 2030
Daily digested sludge production = 28.95 49.30 m3/day
Volume of digested sludge= 10,565 17,994 m3/year
Moisture content of digested wet sludge= 93% 93% 7m3 is solid &93 m3 is liquid
Volume of solid content of wet sludge= 740 1,260 m3/year
Moisture content of dry sludge= 63% 63% 37m3 is solid &63 m3 is liquid
Volume of dry sludge = 1,999 3,404 m3/year
Storage period at Land fill = 3.00 4.00 year
Volume of land fill= 5,996 13,617 m3
Depth of land fill= 4.00 4.00 m
Surface Area= 1,499 3,404 m2
Internal embankment slope, Vert:1: 3 3 Horizontal
External embankment slope, Vert 1: 2 2 Horizontal
Length to width ratio= 2.50 2.50
Width at mid-depth= 25 37 m
Length at mid-depth= 61 92 m
Width at bottom= 13 25 m
Length at bottom= 49 80 m
Width at TOP= 37 49 m
Length at top= 73 104 m
Road width = 4 4 m
External embankment width= 53 65 m
External embankment Length= 89 120 m
Mid Depth Area 3,223 m2
Bottom Area 1,864 m2
Area at the Top of Embankment 4824 m2
Maximum depth 4 m

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2. CALCULATION AND DESCRIPTION OF UNITS AKAKI WWTP

2 Akaki WWTP Civil and Hydraulics Design

2.1 Unit 1: Inlet Sewer (Trunk Sewer)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qpeak = 1.169 m3/s length: 66 m
diam.: 1.0 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:

The incoming sewer is a trunk main conveying waste water from Akaki catchments to Akaki WWTP.
It connects to the trunk sewer at manhole MH-2 at one end and on the other end it connects to the inlet of the
Sewage Treatment Works (Unit 3 Inlet chamber).
A total of 2 (two) manholes are provided to connect MH-2 with the inlet chamber.
The pipe slope shall be kept at 0,233 %.
Q Average = 690.3 l/s, Peak Factor (PF)=1.69, Q Design =1,169 l/s
Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

Calculations:
CALC PROP
LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)
Inlet MH-2 MH-1 2,055.00 2,053.00 2,053.00 2,052.87 57.00 974 1,000
Sewer MH-1 Inlet Chamber 2,053.00 2,053.10 2,052.87 2,052.85 9.00 974 1,000

ANGLE OF ACTUAL DEPTH OF

LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D
  FROM TO Q (M3/s) V (m/s) RADIANS     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
Inlet Sewer MH-2 MH-1 1.25 1.59 4.25 0.93 1.81 763 76
MH-1 Inlet Chamber 1.25 1.59 4.25 0.93 1.81 763 76

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2.2 Unit 2: By Pass Sewer

Task: By passes the primary (physical) treatment units: Inlet Chamber, Screen & Grit Channel

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qpeak = 1.169 m3/s length: 216 m, Dia.: 1.0 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
In case of major failure of the treatment works or any other incidence that requires by passing of the works the by-
pass line will be used. There will be three by pass lines: BP.01, BP.02, BP.03.
BP.01 connects by pass chamber with the outfall channel (OF.01). In between, the under drain pipes from the grit
channel and collection channel should be connected to this line.
BP.02 connects pass chamber with Lifting station one LS.01 by passing the preliminary units and anaerobic
ponds.
BP.03 connects flow receiving chamber of FDT.01 with Lifting station one LS.01 by passing the anaerobic ponds
this by pass must operate during the plant start.
A total of 5 (five) manholes are provided. Due to the ground slope within the treatment works area 2 (two)
manhole shall be executed as drop manhole (MH.T02 & MH.T06).
Q Average = 690.3 l/s, Peak Factor (PF)=1.69, Q Design =1,169 l/s The pipe slope shall be kept at 1,25 %. Manning’s
equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

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Calculations:

CALC PROP
BY PASS MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.

  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)

Bypass
Chamber MH.T02 2,053.10 2,051.80 2,052.40 2,052.32 9.0 773 1,000
BP.01
MH.T02 MH.T04 2,051.80 2,051.50 2,051.32 2,051.14 23.00 773 1,000
MH.T04 OF.01 2,051.50 2,050.80 2,051.14 2,050.30 105.0 773 1,000
Bypass
Chamber MH.T01 2,053.10 2,053.70 2,052.40 2,052.32 10.0 773 1,000
BP.02
MH.T01 MH.T06 2,053.70 2,503.20 2,052.32 2,052.04 35.0 773 1,000
MH.T06 LS.01 2,503.20 2,503.00 2,052.04 2,051.86 22.0 773 1,000
BP.03 FDT.01 MH.T06 2,052.80 2,503.20 2,052.45 2,052.36 12.0 773 1,000

ANGLE OF ACTUAL DEPTH OF

BY PASS MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW , Q FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. FLOW d/D

  FROM TO (m3/s) V (m/s) RADIANS     (m/s) (mm)   (%)

Bypass Chamber MH.T02 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
BP.01 MH.T02 MH.T04 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
MH.T04 OF.01 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
Bypass Chamber MH.T01 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
BP.02 MH.T01 MH.T06 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
MH.T06 LS.01 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50
BP.03 FDT.01 MH.T06 2.32 2.96 3.14 0.50 2.96 500 50

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2.3 Unit 3a: Inlet, By Pass and Flow Splitting Chamber

Task: Flow measurement, bypass and splitting of wastewater flow into two screening units

Type: Open Rectangular Concrete Chamber Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 1,169 l/s width: 2.480 m
Qav(Stage 1)= 4117 l/s height: 2.10 m
Qav(Stage 2)= 690 l/s length: 6.30 m

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Inlet Chamber: (L=1.50, W=2.40m & D=1.50m) is provided to guide the incoming wastewater to the rectangular weir with
which the incoming wastewater is measured. At the downstream side a rectangular concrete weir of 2.40 m width is
provided. The flow over the weir is measured by correlating the depth over the weir (h) with the following equation.
Q=4.252h(3/2), Where, Q is in m3/s and h is in m. Calibrated metal plate shall be fixed to the side walls over the weir.
By pass Chamber: (L=2.00, W=2.40m & D=1.90m) is provided to convey the wastewater to the flow splitting channel and/or
to bypass line.
Splitting Chamber: (L=2.00, W=2.40m & D=1.90m) is provided to convey the wastewater and split it in to the two approach
channels located in front of the screens.
Approach Channel: (L=1.50, W=1.10m & D=1.90m) are provided to convey the split wastewater to the screens.
The chambers & channels are sized as a single unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings.
The coordinate of inlet chamber upstream wall inside mid point is @ X = 475940.8, Y = 977947.3 UTM

Calculations:
Velocity, V=0.6m/s Design flow – Stage II peak flow, Qd =1,169 l/s
Inlet chamber By pass Chamber
Max WW level= 2,053.84 masl L= 2.00 m
L= 1.50 m Width, B= 2.40 m
Width, B= 2.40 m Height, H= 1.95 m
Water depth= 0.81 m Water level in by pass chamber= 2,053.40 masl
Height, H= 1.50 m Floor level= 2,052.40 masl
Flow Measuring Weir Rectangular concrete weir
q= 1.7718 L h(3/2)
Take length of weir= 2.40 m
Maximum flow, Q= 1.169 m3/s
h= 0.423 m
Weir level= 2,053.420 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.44 m
Inlet chamber Floor level= 2,052.80 masl

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2.4 Unit 3b: Approach Channel

Task: Conveyance of wastewater, flow stabilization

Type: Open Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q1 = 368 l/s width: 1.10 m
Q2 = 584 l/s height: 1.90 m
length: 1.50 m
quantity: 2 nos.

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
It is the first section of screen channel and receives divided flow from the inlet chamber. It also facilitates stabilization of
desired approach velocity before passing through the screens. These channels are provided to convey the split wastewater to
the screens
The chamber is sized as a twin unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings

Calculations:
Approach velocity, V=0.6m/s
Width of channel, w=1.00 m
Design flow per channel–, Qd= Stage II peak flow/2 = 1,169/2 = 584 l/s
Depth of flow, h = Qd/(wV) = 0.88 m, free board of 1.02 m is available,
Maximum depth when one channel is out of service, hmax = 2 Qd/(wV) = 1.77 m < 1.90m OK,
Maximum head loss=0.06 m,
Available free board= 1.90 – (1.77+0.03) = 0.10 m OK!
Base slab invert level = 2052.40 masl
Maximum water level = 2053.40 masl

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2.5 Unit 3c: Screens

Task: Removal of large floating matter

Type: Open Concrete Channel and coarse Design Data: Main Dimensions:
screens QD = 584 l/s width: 1.10 m
QPeak = 1,169 l/s height: 1.90 m
length: 1.10 m
quantity: 2 nos.

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The channel is sized as a twin unit to accommodate both the Stage I and Stage II flows.
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings
Number of units are set to entertain the min and maximum flow conditions
The screens will be followed by grit chambers and partial flumes for flow measurements
Flow splitting device shall be provided before screens
Perforated concrete platform (L=1.20m, W = 2.80m) has to be provided to serve as drain plate.
The design is governed with year 2030 (Stage II) flow conditions

Calculations:
Design Year 2030 2020
Average flow 0.690 0.417 m3/s
Peak Flow, 1.169 0.737 m3/s
Number of lines 2 2
Design flow per line 0.584 0.368 m3/s
Approach Velocity, V= 0.60 0.60 m/s
Maximum Depth of flow, h= 0.88 0.56 m
Bar Screens
Bar size (width), s = 10 10 mm
Depth= 30 30 mm
Spacing, e= 50 50 mm
Distance b/n channel wall & first bar, z= 25 25 mm
Slope from vertical= 30 30 degree
Channel width, B= 2z+(n-1)e+ns
Number of bars, n=[B+e-2z] / (s+e) = 18
Velocity through screen, Vscr= Q/Aclear
Aclear =(B-ns)h= 0.815 0.513 m2
Vscr= 0.72 0.72 m/s, OK!, 0.6 < V < 1.2 m/s

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Calculations:

Head loss,

Design Year 2030 2020

Discharge coefficient for clean screen, C=0.7
hL = 0.011 0.011 m

Checking for head loss when 1/2 of the screen is filled with dirt
Aclear = 0.41 0.26 m2
Discharge coefficient for clogged screen, C 0.60 0.60
Vscr= 1.43 1.44 m/s
hL= 0.14 0.14 m
Checking for head loss when 1 screen is out of service

Q= 0.45 0.28 m3/s

Aclear = 0.32 0.20 m2
Vscr= 1.43 1.38 m/s
hL= 0.14 0.14 m
Dimensions of Screening Facilities
Number of Screens= 2 2
channel width, B= 1.10 1.10 m
Free Board, Fb= 0.87 1.20 m
Channel height, H= 1.90 1.90 m
Height of bar screens, Hs= 2.20 2.20 m
Screen Horizontal projection Length, Ls= 1.10 1.10 m
Drain Plate Length, Ld= 1.20 1.20 m

Levels
Ground level= 2,053.20 2,053.20 masl
Floor level= 2,052.40 2,052.40 masl

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2.6 Unit 4a: Flow Splitting for Future Extension

Task: Splitting of wastewater flow for Stage 2 plant extension and conveyance of WW to grit channels

Type: Open Concrete Channel Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 1,169 l/s width: 2.40 / 6.60m
height: 1.90 m
length: 2.00 m

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The channel of 2.40 m width opens up to 3 channels of 2.20 m width each in order to split the incoming flow and direct it to
the grit channels.
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
The channel shall be constructed from reinforced concrete according to the drawings. However for the works included in the
present project the second arm will be closed (temporary stop end).
In case of the Stage 2 extension of the treatment works, the second arm will be opened. A wing wall will then be inserted into
the channel walls to restrict and thus equalize the flow distribution to the three branches.

Calculations:
Design flow, Qd = 1,169 l/s
Depth of flow = 0.3 m – 0.88 m
Free board = 0.54 – 1.20 m
Velocity, V=0.6m/s – 0.3 m/s
Combined width of channel, w=2.40 - 6.60 m
Base slab invert level @ upstream = 2052.40 masl
Base slab invert level @ downstream = 2052.30 masl

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2.7 Unit 4b: Grit Channel

Task: Removes grit and prevent pumps and treatment units from sand particles
Main Dimensions:
Type: Open Trapezoidal Concrete Channel Design Data: top width: 2.20 m
QD = 390 l/s Bottom width : 0.60 m
QPeak = 1,169 l/s height: 1.90 m
length: 22 m
Quantity: 3 nos.

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The structure is designed to cope with future flows (1st and 2nd stage).
Manual grit removal is selected hence, multiple units will be provided (one will be closed for cleaning while others are in
operation)
Velocity controlled grit chamber (constant velocity & horizontal flow) is the selected type
Flow measurement devices will be incorporated downstream (partial flume) which will serve as a flow control section
Since the control section is partial flume the channel shape has to be parabolic to maintain uniform velocity for different flows.
The second stage flow condition governs the design. i.e. (3+1) three channels operating in parallel.

Calculations:
Design Year 2030 2020
Average flow 0.69 0.42 m3/s
Peak Flow, 1.17 0.74 m3/s
Peak Flow less Infiltration 1.09 0.68 m3/s
Minimum Flow, Year 2012 0.13 0.13 m3/s
Number of lines 4 3
Horizontal velocity is kept constant at V= 0.30 0.30 m/s
Number of chambers operating in parallel shall be 3 2 while one is closed for cleaning
Maximum channel width is set at = 2.20 2.00 m
The maximum depth has been set for peak flow condition excluding infiltration
Area for parabolic section, A= 2/3 x W x D W=top width. D=depth of flow
Maximum depth, D=1.5A/W = 0.89 0.84 m
For settling velocity, vs= 0.75 0.75 m/min
and detention time, t= 60 60 s
Minimum Channel depth= 0.75 0.75 m < 0.89 OK!!!
Free board, Fb= 0.51 0.56 m
(Bernoulli's Theorem) -> Total energy at u/s of a point in channel = Total energy at critical point in control section
Total Energy upstream of control section, E1=D+V12/2g, for V1= approach velocity=0.3m/s
E1= 0.89 0.84 =D, depth of flow
2
Total Energy at critical point i.e at the point of jump formation, E c=yc + Vc /(2g)+HL, Vc velocity at control section
HL is head loss in the jump and is assumed to be 10% of velocity head at control section, E c=1.55Vc2/g
E1=D=Ec=1.55Vc2/g
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Calculations:
E1=D=Ec=1.55Vc2/g
at peak flow D = 0.89 0.84 m
Vc= (Dg/1.55)2 = 2.38 2.34 m/s
2
At peak flow Critical depth, yc=(Vc) /g = 0.58 0.54 m
Flow through the control section, Qpeak= Ac Vc=W.yc.Vc
W= 0.284 0.292 m
Thus, standard partial flume with throat width, W= 0.300 0.300 m has to be use per line
For different flow condition at constant velocity of 0.3 m/s the channel section (depth and width) related as shown below

Q, m3/sec A= 2/3BD (m2) D=1.55y  B=1.5A/D

0.130 0.43 0.27 0.41 1.57
0.145 0.48 0.29 0.45 1.63
0.170 0.57 0.32 0.50 1.71
0.195 0.65 0.35 0.54 1.79
0.220 0.73 0.38 0.59 1.87
0.245 0.82 0.41 0.63 1.94
0.270 0.90 0.44 0.67 2.00
0.295 0.98 0.46 0.72 2.06
0.320 1.07 0.49 0.76 2.12
0.345 1.15 0.51 0.79 2.17
0.370 1.23 0.54 0.83 2.22
0.390 1.30 0.56 0.862 2.26

The graphical representation of the channel depth and width based on the hydraulic functions of control
section is a parabolic section (theoretical), refer Figure 4 However, due to construction difficulties and
grit storage requirements approximation of the section with trapezoidal section allows ease of
construction without affecting the hydraulic performance of the channel. The shape and practical
dimensions of the grit chamber are presented in Figure 5
Channel Dimensions Top width, Tw= 2.20 m
Bottom width, Bw= 0.60 m
Inclined wall height, H1= 0.70 m
Vertical wall height, H2= 0.70 m
Free board, Fb= 0.51 m
Effective Area of channel, Ae= 1.40 m2
Detention Time, t = 60 sec
Volume of channel, Vc= Qxt = 23.37 m3
Theoretical Length of channel, L= Vc/A = 16.70 m
Practical Length, Lp= L + 2D up to L + 0.5L 18.5 up to 25
Use 22.0 m
Volume of grit at peak flow condition, Vg= Qx100/1000 liters
Q= 25,244 m3/day per channel
Vg= 2,524 Liters = 2.52 m3
De-gritting frequency every 2.5 days
Total grit volume, Vg= 6.3 m3
Area reserved for grit, Ag=Vg/Lp= 0.29 m2
Required Depth, d = Ag/Bw = 0.50 m

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Figure 4:- Theoretical Section of Grit Channel

2.20

0.70
0.70

GRIT STORAGE
0.50

0.60

Figure 5:- Practical Dimensions of Designed Grit Channel (m)

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2.8 Unit 4c: Partial Flume

Task: Measuring/recording of incoming wastewater flow

Type: Concrete Structure Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q = 1 - 456 l/s length: 3.50 m
width: 0.80 – 0.48 m
height: 0.80 m

Drawings: ATW-SGC-01

Explanatory Remarks:
In order to measure the incoming flow, partial flume will be installed for each grit chamber before the flow distribution tank one
(FDT.01). An ultrasonic device shall measure the flow depth and shall transmit the data to the operation building for
evaluation.
Equipment
Measuring flume and ultrasonic flow measuring device.
Scale for visual flow depth reading

Calculations:

The design will follow the equation below;

Q = 2.264 W. (Ha)1.5

Where: Q= flow in m3/s W = throat width in m,

Ha= Water depth upstream leg of flume at one third point before the flume in m.
The above equation implies that the flow is proportional to the depth, H a, which will be read from a scale installed in
the channel. Level at the throat = 2052.97 masl

Expected readings for different flow conditions

Year Flow m3/s Width Depth (ha) m
  Max Avg m Max Avg
2012 0.25 0.13 0.3 0.513 0.32
2015 0.50 0.28 0.3 0.814 0.55
2020 0.74 0.42 0.3 1.056 0.72
2025 0.99 0.57 0.3 1.285 0.89
2030 1.17 0.69 0.3 1.436 1.01

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2.9 Unit 4d: Flow Distribution Tank One (FDT.01)

Task: Receives grit free & measured wastewater and distributes to the anaerobic ponds, equal distribution of
wastewater flow to the anaerobic ponds via uPVC pipes
Type: Reinforced Concrete Structure Design Data: Main Dimensions:
QD = 1,167 l/s width: 8.05 m
length: 4.00 m
height: 1.75 m

Drawings: ATW-FDT.01

Explanatory Remarks:
Flow Distribution Tank One – FDT.01: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting chamber. It
serves as flow splitting chamber for the anaerobic ponds as well as a bypass to the lifting station one. It receives the
wastewater from grit channel. The chamber shall be constructed as unit with the grit chamber.
The receiving chamber of FDT.01 has a measurement of 4.00m (L) x 8.05m (W) x 1.75m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2052.45 masl and the maximum water level is fixed at 2053.45 masl.
The flow splitting unit has four compartments, Three for Stage I and Four for Stage II flow conditions. The wastewater flow
over 1.60 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each splitting chambers measures 1.50m (L) x 1.863m (W) x 1.75m (D).
Gates are provided on each splitting chamber outlet. One of the outlets will be sealed until Stage II works commence.
In order to by pass the waste water to the lifting station a by pass connection will be installed on the left side the receiving
chamber.
The maximum wastewater level in the splitting chamber shall be fixed at 2053.17 masl.
Equipment
4 manually adjustable penstocks DN 800, 1 manually adjustable penstocks DN 1000 & 1 gate valve DN 400 for washout
Pipe work DN 400 DI, length approximately 2 x 55.0 m (wash-out)

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Calculations:
Design Year 2020 2030
Peak flow from grit chambers= 0.74 1.17 m3/s
Number of AP= 3.00 4.00 m3/s
Design Flow,= 0.25 0.29 m3/s
Detention time= 45.9 28.9 sec
Volume= 34 34 m3
Depth= 1.05 1.05 m
Area= 32.2 32.2 m2
Length= 4.00 4.00 m
Width= 8.05 8.05 m
Divides flow in to= 3 4

Where, Cd=0.6 & g=9.81m2/s

Maximum Water Level in, Receiving Chamber= 2,053.45 2,053.45 masl
Take length of weir= 1.60 1.60 m
Maximum flow, Q= 0.368 0.292 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.256 0.220 m
Weir Top level= 2,053.20 2,053.20 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.28 0.28 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,053.17 2,053.17 masl

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2.10 Treatment Efficiency and Effluent Characteristics of Unit 3a – Unit 4D

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

length: 44.74 m
width.: 2.8 – 9.80 m

Explanatory Remarks:
From Unit 3a up to Unit 4D are constructed as a unit and share the same structures.
The combined volume of these units contributes to the total detention time, which is applied in calculating removal efficiency.
Large and floating objects will be removed in the screen channel and all settleable grits with settling velocity more than
0.3m/s will be removed in the grit channel.
BOD5 removal will not take place in these units.

Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085 θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  
Where Ne=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of effluent
Ni=number of faecal coliforms per 100ml of raw sewage
kT = first order rate constant for faecal coliform
= pond retention time

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent

Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 1.00E+07 1.97 9.80E+06
intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 750 59.17 306

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2.11 Unit 5: Connection Line (CNL.01)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: DCI pipes Design Data: Main Dimensions:

QD = 390 l/s length: 662 m
diam.: 0.80 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Wastewater collected in the FDT.01 and entered in to splitting chambers will be conveyed via DN 800 DCI pips the three
Anaerobic Ponds.
It connects to FDT.01 (Unit 4d) at one end and on the other end it connects to the Inlet structure of Anaerobic Ponds (ISAP)
(Unit 6). Three independent lines will be installed from splitting chambers of FDT.01 to the respective inlet structures of
anaerobic ponds.
The pipe lines will be pressurized lines. The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.01.
The design flow is the larger of 50% of Stage 1 peak flow and 67% of Stage 2 peak flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m 3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:
HYDRAULIC GRADE
LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
Q
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) (m3/s)
CLN1.01 FDT1-1 AP1-1 2,052.70 2,051.30 2,053.17 2,052.99 111.00 0.8 0.39
CLN1.02 FDT1-2 AP1-2 2,052.70 2,051.30 2,053.17 2,052.90 200.00 0.8 0.39
CLN1.03 FDT1-3 AP1-3 2,052.70 2,051.30 2,053.17 2,052.74 351.00 0.8 0.39

SPECIFIC LOSS CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY IN PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN1.01 FDT1-1 AP1-1 0.0009 0.78 0.10 0.08 0.18 0.29
CLN1.02 FDT1-2 AP1-2 0.0009 0.78 0.18 0.08 0.27 0.20
CLN1.03 FDT1-3 AP1-3 0.0009 0.78 0.32 0.11 0.43 0.04

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2.12 Unit 7: Inlet Structures to Anaerobic Ponds

Task: Equal distribution of wastewater into the anaerobic ponds

Design Data:
Type: Reinforced inlet chamber Main Dimensions: 3 unit
Qmax = 139 l/s
Length: 10.40 m
Qmin = 390 l/s
Width: 2.0 m
Height: 2.35 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-AP-01 to AWT-AP-03

Explanatory Remarks:
The inlet structures receive the wastewater from flow splitting chamber of FDT.01 via DN800 DCI pipes.
The inlet structures consist of: masonry wing wall in which the inlet pipe is surrounded, reinforced concrete baffle wall
with opening at the bottom and a reinforced concrete slab (apron) for erosion protection.
The maximum water level in the pond is fixed at 2052.70 masl. Most part the structures are below water level.
The internal dimensions of the chambers are 1.50 x 1.60 x 2.10 m. The chambers have three openings (one 0.45 x
1.60 in front, two 0.45 x 1.50 at the sides) below water level in order to equally distribute the wastewater to the three
sides of the structure.
Concrete slab cast on top of the masonry wall will provide a walkway access to the inlet chamber for maintenance
and inspection purposes.

Equipment
Railing for the walkways and the inlet chambers
.

Calculations:
Inlet Pond Receives WW Level Remark
Structure From (masl)
IS.01 AP1.1 CLN1.01 2052.70 Anaerobic pond
IS.02 AP1.2 CLN1.02 2052.70 Anaerobic pond
IS.03 AP1.3 CLN1.03 2052.70 Anaerobic pond

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2.13 Unit 8: Anaerobic Ponds

Task: Anaerobic wastewater treatment, removal of particles and organic substances

Type: Ponds with earth embankment Design Data: Main Dimensions: 3 unit each
Qd = 14,910 m3/d Length: 100.5 m
BOD5-load = 5,185 kg/d Width: 72.5 m
T = 19.4°C (wastewater) Depth: 3.00 m (water)
Depth: 1.50 m (max sludge)

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-AP-01 to AWT-AP-03

Explanatory Remarks:
3 ponds will be constructed south of the preliminary units. The three rectangular shaped ponds will be constructed
next to each other on the flat area perpendicular to the river at about 50 m from the bank. The distance between the
ponds will be 4 m, measured at the crest of the dam. The inner embankment of the ponds (wet side) will be sloped
1:3, whereas the outer banks of the dams (dry side) will have a slope of 1:2.
The longer part of the embankment will be approximately 1.90 m above the present ground level. The total depth will
be 5.0 m including a freeboard of 0.50 m.
The maximum height at the western side of the embankment will be approximately 1.90 m above the present ground
level. The eastern side embankments will be 0.60m above the present ground level
A 4,00 meter wide gravel road on the crest of the dam and on all sides will assure maintenance access.
The maximum water level in the Anaerobic ponds will be maintained at 2052.70 masl.

Calculations:
Selection of Design Values
Year 2030 2020
Population Equivalent, PE 460,860 297,707 No
Average flow, m3/s 0.69 0.42 m3/s
Average flow, m3/day 59,639 36,048 m3/day
Peak Flow, m3/s 1.17 0.74 m3/s
Peak Flow, m3/hr 4,207 2,652 m3/hr
Peak Factor 1.69 1.77

Influent Waster Water Characteristics BOD5 348 372 mg/l

sBOD 174 186 mg/l
COD= 633 676 mg/l
TSS= 220 220 mg/l
VSS= 176 176 mg/l
o
Design Temperature= 19.4 19.4 C
Net evaporation= 8.0 8.0 mm/day
BOD load 20,739 13,397 kgBOD/day
Faecal coliform in the influent 9.89E+06 9.84E+06 FC/100 ML
Intestinal nematode egg counts in the raw sewage 306 305 egg per liter

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Calculations Cont’d
2030 2020
For design temperature= 19.4 19.4 oC
Permissible loading rate , Lr=20T-100= 288 288 g/m3/day
BOD of the raw sewage, Li= 348 372 mg/l
Flow rate, Q= 59,639 36,048 m3/day
kgBOD/d
BOD load= 20,739 13,397 ay
Number of ponds= 4 3
Q per pond= 14,910 12,016 m3/day
BOD load per pond= 5,185 4,466 m3/day
Stage II, Year 2030 flow and BOD loading condition is selected for setting design parameters.
Volumetric loading LiQ
v 
Va

Where: lv= Volumetric loading expressed in g per m3 per day, Li=BOD of the raw sewage, mg/l (=g/m3),
Q=flow rate,m3 per day, Va=anaerobic pond volume,m3

Volume, V= 72,009 m3
Depth of liquid at center of pond, D= 4.5 m
Mid depth Surface area of Pond, Am=V/D= 16,002.1 m2
BOD removal efficiency=(2xT+20)/100 58.8%
effluent BOD= 143 mg/l
eff COD= 261 mg/l
Suspended solid removal= 80%
SS of Anaerobic pond effluent= 44 mg/l
m3/years/per
Sludge accumulation rate, SAR= 0.04 s.
Theoretical Desludging frequency, n= V/3*1/(PE*SAR)
n= 1.30 years
Considering desludging every 2 year np= 2 years
Extra volume for sludge=PE x SAR x (np-n)= 12,866 m3
Total Required Volume, V= 84,875 m3
Detention time, t=V/Q 1.4 days
t min=V/Qpeak= 1.0 days

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Calculations Cont’d
Sizing:

Depth D= 4.5 m
Mid depth area= 18,861 m2
Number of ponds in parallel= 4
Mid depth Surface area of each pond= 4,715 m2
Assume Rectangular ponds( with trapezoidal cross-section)
Internal embankment slope, Vert:1: 3 Horizontal
External embankment slope, Vert 1: 2 Horizontal
Length/width ratio= 1.5
Width at mid-depth= 56.0 m
Length at mid-depth= 84.0 m
Size of the Rectangle at the bottom:
Width= 42.5 m
Length= 70.5 m
Size of the Rectangle at the Liquid Surface:
Width= 69.5 m
Length= 97.5 m
Free Board= 0.5 m
Size of the Rectangle at the top of
embankment:
Width= 72.5 m
Length= 100.5 m
Road width= 4.0
Size of Rectangle at end of external
embankment=
Width= 330.0 m
Length= 128.5 m

Number of Ponds 3
Area per pond= 7,286 m2
Revised Volume per pond= 21,988 m3

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2.14 Effluent Characteristics of Unit 8 – Anaerobic Pond

Task:

Type: Design Data: Main Dimensions:

FC 9.80E+06 FC/100ml length: 27 m
I.N. eggs 306 egg/l width.: 16 m
BOD5 352 mg/l Height.: 5.50 m
TSS 220 mg/l Quantity.: 2 Nos

Explanatory Remarks:
The detention time which is applied in calculating removal efficiency has been calculated from the volume of the pond.
BOD removal efficiency=(2xT+20)/100 = 58.8 %
Suspended solid removal = 80%
Calculations:
Assumption: there will be minor reduction in faecal coliform (FC) and nematode egg as per the following kinetics.
2
Percentage removal of intestinal nematode eggs,= R a  100(1  0.41e ( 0.49 θ  0.0085θ ) )

 
E f  Ei 1   a
Number of eggs (Ef,per litre) is R
100 
Retention time,  = V/Q,   

Faecal coliforms, FC removal, Ni

Ne 
 1  kT  

kT  2.61.19 
T  20

For Temperature 19.4oC, kT = 2.34

Detention time for 2020 is 1.80 days
Parameter Unit Influent Removal % Effluent
Faecal Coliforms FC/100ml 9.80E+06 81.1 1.85E+06
Intestinal nematode eggs egg/l 307 82.8 53
BOD5 mg/l 372 58.8 153
TSS mg/l 220 80 44

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2.15 Unit 9: Outlet Structures of Anaerobic Ponds

Task: Withdrawal and conveyance of waste water

Type: Reinforced concrete outlet Design Data: Main Dimensions: 3 unit

chamber and pipe. Qmax = 139 l/s Length: 10.40 m
Width: 1.90 m
Qmin = 390 l/s
Height: 1.60 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-AP-01 to AWT-AP-03

Explanatory Remarks:
The outlets (one in each pond) of the Anaerobic ponds consist of concrete chambers built into the (inside) slope of the
dam. The chambers have an opening below water level to withdraw the settled wastewater from the ponds and hold
back floating matters. Inside the chamber the water flows over an overflow weir to the outlet channel. The channels
and the outlet structures shall be constructed according to the drawings.
The structures consist of: masonry wing wall in which the outlet pipe is surrounded, reinforced concrete baffle wall
with opening at the bottom and a reinforced concrete slab (approach) for erosion protection.
The maximum water level in the pond is fixed at 2052.70 masl. Most part the structures are below water level
The internal dimensions of the chambers are 1.80 x 1.50 x 1.4 m. The chambers have an opening (0.30 x 1.50 m).
Concrete slab cast on top of the masonry wall will provide a walkway access to the inlet chamber for maintenance
and inspection purposes.
The weir crest level shall be kept at 2052.40 masl

Equipment
Railing for the walkways and the outlet chambers
.

Calculations:
Qmax= 0.390 m3/s
Qmin= 0.139 m3/s
q= 0.0567 h^(3/2)
Take length of weir= 1.50 m
maximum flow, Q= 389.6 l/s
q= 260
h= 276 mm
Maximum WL in AP= 2,052.70 masl
Weir Top level= 2052.42 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.30 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,052.40 masl

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2.16 Unit 10: Connection Line (CNL.02)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Qmin = 292 l/s length: 277 m
Qmax = 1,169 l/s diam.: 0.60 m – 1.0 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Wastewater collected in the outlet structure of each anaerobic pond will be conveyed via CNL.02 reinforced concrete pipe to
the troughs of lifting station one (LS.01) .
There will be 4 (four) intermediate manhole (MH.TW12, to MH.T15). The pipe slope shall be kept at 0.22 %.
Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s Coefficient = 0.012

Calculations:

CALC PROP
LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.

  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)

CLN2.01 AP1-3 MH.T12 2,052.40 2,153.00 2,051.94 2,051.91 15.50 584 600
CLN2.02 MH.T12 MH.T13 2,153.00 2,153.30 2,051.72 2,051.68 16.00 758 800
CLN2.03 AP1-2 MH.T13 2,052.40 2,153.30 2,051.94 2,051.91 15.50 584 600
CLN2.04 MH.T13 MH.T14 2,153.30 2,153.30 2,051.68 2,051.60 39.00 882 1,000
MH.T14 MH.T15 2,153.30 2,153.25 2,051.60 2,051.52 33.00 882 1,000
CLN2.05 AP1-1 MH.T15 2,052.40 2,153.30 2,051.94 2,051.91 12.50 584 600
CLN2.06 MH.T15 LS.01 2,153.30 2,053.00 2,051.52 2,051.42 46.00 983 1,000

ANGLE DEPTH
OF ACTUA OF
LINE NO. MANHOLE NO. FULL FLOW, Q FLOW (QD/Q) L VEL. FLOW d/D
RADIA
  FROM TO (m3/s) V (m/s) NS     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
CLN2.01 AP1-3 MH.T12 0.31 1.11 4.25 0.93 1.26 458 76
CLN2.02 MH.T12 MH.T13 0.68 1.34 4.06 0.87 1.51 577 72
CLN2.03 AP1-2 MH.T13 0.31 1.11 4.25 0.93 1.26 458 76
CLN2.04 MH.T13 MH.T14 1.22 1.56 3.66 0.72 1.70 628 63
MH.T14 MH.T15 1.22 1.56 3.54 0.67 1.67 599 60
CLN2.05 AP1-1 MH.T15 0.31 1.11 4.25 0.93 1.26 458 76
CLN2.06 MH.T15 LS.01 1.22 1.56 4.32 0.95 1.77 778 78

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2.17 Unit 11: Lifting Station One - LS.01

Task: Lifting an aerobically digested wastewater to the flow distribution tank FDT-02

Type: Concrete Trough, Inclined Concrete Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Channel, Flow Distribution Tank Two – FDT.02, Qmax = 1,169 l/s length: 26.95 m
Pump Drive and Control Room Width: 9.95 m
Height: 2.00 / 11.20 m
Footing: 2.10 m

Drawings: ATW.LS1.01 to ATW.LS1.03

Explanatory Remarks:
Lifting station one is located south of the screen & grit channels. The coordinates of the inlet trough inside wall mid point
are X = 475914.0, Y = 977884.2. The floor level is fixed at 2051.40 masl.
LS.01 consists of: concrete trough, inclined concrete channel, flow distribution tank two – FDT.02, pump drive and control
room, wash down water tank
11a- Trough: is rectangular concrete structure and receives the raw sewage before it is lifted to the FDT.02. The trough
serves as a sump for the screw pump. The net inside dimensions are 9..50m (L) x 8.0m (W) x 2.0m (D). Five concrete
stools cast together with the trough floor will serve to support the Archimedean screw pump at the bottom end.
The floor level is fixed at 2051.40 masl.
11b-Inclined Channel: is a concrete structure that serves to guide the wastewater when the screw pump operates. Five
channels having 35o inclination with horizontal shall be cast in suit. The net inside dimensions of each channel is 13.08m
(L) x 1.40m (W) x 1.6m (D).
The trough has to be shaped (profiled) by a rail attached to the Archimedean screw pump.
An accurate and even gap has to be maintained between helix and trough over the entire length of inclined channel bed.
The touch point with which the rim of the screw will be aligned shall be fixed at 2051.80 masl.
The downstream discharge point also referred as Chute Point is fixed at 2059.30 masl.
11c-Flow Distribution Tank Two – FDT.02: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting
chamber. It serves as flow splitting and as header tank.
The receiving chamber of FDT.02 has a measurement of 5.80m (L) x 8.00m (W) x 2.65m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2057.60 masl and the maximum water level is the same as the Chute Point.
The flow splitting unit has three compartments, two for Stage I and three for Stage II flow conditions. The wastewater flow
over 1.50 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each splitting chambers measures 1.50m (L) x 1.80m (W) x 2.65m (D).
Gates, which will be controlled from the control room on the second floor, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet.
One outlet will be sealed until Stage II works commence.
The maximum wastewater level in the splitting chamber shall be fixed at 2058.90 masl.

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11d-Pump Drive and Control Room: The Archimedean screw pumps will be derived by a pump drive located in the second
floor. The same room will serve to accommodate the control panels, gantry cranes and valve spindle heads. The room is
6.00m (L) x 9.45m (W) x 4.50m (H).
Concrete stools (measuring 1.55m (L) x 0.70 (W) x 0.72 m (D)) cast in the control room will provide a support for the
Archimedean screw pump.
Access to the flow distribution tank is provided by manholes from the same room. The ground level is fixed at 2060.40
masl.
Equipments
Inclined Channel: 2+1 Archimedean screw pump (Q= 312 l/s each, lifting head = 7.5 m complete with centre tube and
shaft)
Flow Distribution Tank Two – FDT.02: 3 Stainless steel adjustable flat rectangular Weir 1500 x150 x 4 mm
2 DN600 gate valve complete with spindle (arm) and all necessary fittings.
Control room: Electric motor, three phase, squirrel cage, induction type, 380v, 50hz , reduction gear box & all accessories.
3 ton monorail crane with fixed I-beam, manual hoist with integral trolley, chain and all accessories.
Calculations:
Archimedean Screw Pump:
Stage I II
Mean ground level at pumping station= 2,053.70 2,053.70 masl
Sewage level in AP= 2,052.70 2,052.70 masl
liquid level in trough = 2,052.20 2,052.20 masl
Diameter of screw (Helix), D= 1.10 1.10 m
Center tube diameter, d= 0.55 0.55 m
Trough floor level= 2,051.41 2,051.41 masl
Touch point= 2,051.81 2,051.81 masl
Lift height= 7.50 7.50 masl
Chute point= 2,059.31 2,059.31 m
Discharge, lifting capacity of a single pump, q = a n D3 where, a is constant (0.21 - 0.33) and n is radial
speed revolution per minutes (20 - 100 rpm)=50/D(2/3)
For a= 0.30, n= 46.9.6 rpm and q= 18.747 m3/min = 0.151 m3/s
Q design = Q peak= 1.17 0.74 m3/s
Leakage= 5% 5% m3/s
Number of lines in parallel= 5 3
Lifting head= 7.5 7.5 m
Average flow= 0.69 0.42 m3/s
Pumps in operation for avg= 3.0 2.0

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Calculations Cont’d:
Power Requirement on Average
Year 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030
The power demand of the motor is calculated Average Flow rate l/s 138 307 459 632 759
according the formula:
HEAD m 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
  g  Qp  h
P   1,2   kw Capacity /pump
l/s 239 239 239 239 239
1000  p  M (m³/hr) 862 862 862 862 862
No. of Pumps 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Where:  = density of the liquid g = 9,81 m/s2
Stand By 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Qp = max flow m3/s, hD = manometric height,
Total No. of Pumps 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
p = efficiency of the pump (0.6), Kw 32 65 65 97 129
M = efficiency of the motor (0.91) POWER
KVA 105 160 160 215 265
Detailed calculations regarding the power demand will be submitted by the Contractor.
Unit Stage I II
11a-Trough: Detention time, t= 0.9 0.9 min
Volume= 60 60 m3
Depth= 0.8 0.8 m
Area= 72 72 m2
Width= 8.0 8.0 m
Length 9.0 9.0 m
Free board= 1.17 1.17 m
Wall height= 2.00 2.00 m
Floor level elevation= 2,011.40 2,051.40 m
MWL= 2,052.23 2,052.23 masl
11b-Inclined Channel: Inclination= 35 35 degree
Inclined length= 13.08 13.08 m
Free board= 0.40 0.40 m
Bottom benching= 0.10 0.10 m
Side benching fill= 0.15 0.15 m
Side wall Height= 1.40 1.40 m
Wall Thickness= 0.25 0.25 m
Width per channel= 1.40 1.40 m
Horizontal length= 10.71 10.71 m
Side wall height= 1.60 1.60 m

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Calculations Cont’d:
11c-Flow Distribution Tank TwoFDT.02
The distribution tank will serve as header tank and flow splitter

2030 2020
Design Flow= 1.17 0.74 m3/s
detention time= 74 117 sec
Volume= 86.40 86.40 m3
Depth= 1.80 1.80 m
Area= 48.00 48.00 m2
Length= 6.00 6.00 m
Width= 8.00 8.00 m
Provide free board= 0.85 0.85 m
Divides flow in to 3 2
Weirs with Gates 3 2
Flow Splitting Weir= Rectangular weir

Where, Cd=0.6 and g=9.81m2/s

Take length of weir= 1.50 1.50 m

maximum flow, Q= 0.390 0.368 m3/s
Head over weir, h= 0.278 0.268 m
Weir Top level= 2,059.03 2,059.03 masl
Take Free fall head at weir= 0.41 0.41 m
Water level in distributor chamber= 2,058.90 2,058.90 masl

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2.18 Unit 12: Connection Line Three (CNL.03)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: DCI pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 Lines

Qd = 229 l/s Dia: 0.6 m
Pressurized pipe system
Q Total = 459 l/s Length: 476 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Connection Line Three (CLN.03) connects the flow splitting chambers of LS.01 (Unit 11c) at one end and inlet structure of
Facilitative Ponds (Unit 13) at the other end.
The two lines (CLN.03.1 & CLN03.2) will only be laid for Stage one. CLN.03.1 connects CH1 and FP 1.1. CLN03.2 connects
CH2 and FP 2.1.
The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.02.
The design flow is the larger of year 50% of Stage 1 average flow and 33% of Stage 2 average flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m), L=Pipe
length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

Calculations:

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
CLN.03.1 FDT.02 FP-1-1 2,054.30 2,058.30 2,058.90 2,058.39 280 0.6 0.23
CLN.03.2 FDT.02 FP-2-1 2,054.30 2,058.30 2,058.90 2,058.51 196 0.6 0.23

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
CLN.03.1 FDT.02 FP-1-1 0.0014 0.82 0.39 0.12 0.51 0.09
CLN.03.2 FDT.02 FP-2-1 0.0014 0.82 0.28 0.12 0.39 0.21

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2.19 Unit 13: Inlet Structures of Facultative & Maturation Ponds

Task: Equal distribution of wastewater into the facultative ponds

Design Data:
Type: Reinforced inlet chamber Main Dimensions: 8 unit
Length: 9.70 m
Width: 2.0 m
Height: 2.45 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-MST-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The inlet structures receive the wastewater from FDT.02, Facultative Ponds, and Maturation ponds via connection
lines CLN.03, CLN.04, CLN.05, CLN.06 and CLN.07,respectively.
The inlet structures consist of: masonry wing wall in which the inlet pipe is surrounded, reinforced concrete baffle wall
with opening at the bottom and a reinforced concrete slab (apron) for erosion protection.
Most part the structures are below water level. The internal dimensions of the chambers are 1.50 x 1.60 x 2.10 m.
The chambers have three openings (one 0.45 x 1.60 in front, two 0.45 x 1.50 at the sides) below water level in order
to equally distribute the wastewater to the three sides of the structure.
Concrete slab cast on top of the masonry wall will provide a walkway access to the inlet chamber for maintenance
and inspection purposes.
The maximum water levels of each of the inlet structures are as presented in table below
Equipment
Railing for the walkways and the inlet chambers
.

Calculations:
Inlet Pond Receives WW Level
Structure From (masl)
IS.04 FP1.1 CLN3.01 2,058.30
IS.05 FP2.1 CLN3.02 2,058.30
IS.06 FP1.2 CLN4.01 2,056.29
IS.07 FP2.2 CLN4.02 2,055.54
IS.08 MP1.1 CLN5.01 2,054.55
IS.09 MP2.1 CLN5.02 2,055.06
IS.10 MP1.2 CLN6.01 2,053.35
IS.11 MP2.2 CLN6.02 2,053.82

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2.20 Unit 14: Facilitative Ponds

Task: Further bio-degradation of organic load and removal of nematode eggs

Type: Ponds with earth embankment Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 x 2 = 4 unit
Qd = 19,524 m3/d Average Length: 668 m
BOD5-load = 2,848 kg/day average Width: 77 m
T = 19.4°C (wastewater) Depth: 1.50 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-FP-01

Explanatory Remarks:
Total of 4 facilitative ponds (2 in parallel & 2 in series) will be constructed parallel to the contour. . The distance
between the ponds will be 4 m, measured at the crest of the dam. The inner embankment of the ponds (wet side) will
be sloped 1:3, whereas the outer banks of the dams (dry side) will have a slope of 1:2.
The maximum height of embankment will be 2.0 m above the present ground level. The total depth will be 2.25 m
including a freeboard of 0.75 m.
A 4,00 meter wide gravel road on the crest of the dam and on all sides will assure maintenance access.
The maximum water level in each pond is as presented in table below.
Pond FP1.1 FP2.1 FP1.2 FP2.2
MWW Level (masl) 2058.3 2058.3 2,056.25 2,055.50

Calculations:
Design Year 2030 2020
Evaporation from facultative pond= 2,136 1,380 m3/day
Average Flow through FP= 58,571 35,358 m3/day
BOD Load on Facultative Pond= 8,544 5,519 kgBOD/day
Q per pond= 19,524 17,679 m3/day
BOD load per pond= 2,848 2,760 kg/day

Stage II, Year 2030 flow and BOD loading condition is selected for setting design parameters.

Allowable BOD Surface loading rate, ALR= 375 – 6.25 * L Arceivala, 1963
For Akaki, Latitude, L= 8.83 degree north
ALR= 320 kgBOD/ha/day
BOD Load on Facultative Pond= 8,544 kgBOD/day

Area, A= 26.70 ha
Depth, D= 1.5 m
Evaporation from facultative pond= 2,136 m3/day
Average Flow through FP= 58,571 m3/day

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Calculations Cont’d
retention time, t= 6.8 days
Egg removal rate percent, Ra= 97.9 %
Helminth egg in effluent, Ef= 1.3 per liter >1, Maturation ponds required
BOD removal = (0.725 ALR + 10.75)/ALR =75.9%
FP effluent BOD= 34.6 mg/l >25 mg/l Maturation ponds are required
for effluent quality
63 mg/l
Mid depth area= 267,011 m2
Number of ponds in parallel= 3
Number of ponds in one raw= 2
FC effluent= 1.29E+05 >1000 FC/100ml Maturation ponds are
required for FC
Mid depth Surface area of each pond= 44,502 m2
Internal embankment slope, Vertical:1:3 Horizontal
External embankment slope, Vertical 1:2 Horizontal

Four facultative ponds with average dimensions given below are required for Stage I.
Pond Unit FP1-1 FP1-2 FP2-1 FP2-2
Length/width ratio= 10.00 8.83 11.00 8.83
Area at mid depth m2 44,502 44,502 44,502 44,502
Width at mid-depth= m 67 71 64 71
Length at mid-depth= m 667 627 700 627
Width at bottom= m 62.2 66.5 59.1 66.5
Length at bottom= m 662.5 622.1 695.1 622.1
Width at maximum water level= m 71.2 75.5 68.1 75.5
Length at maximum Water Level= m 671.5 631.1 704.1 631.1
Area= m2 47,811 47,650 47,949 47,650
Free board= m 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Width at top of embankment= m 75.7 80 72.6 80
Length at top of embankment= m 676.0 635.6 708.6 635.6
Top Area= m2 51,173 50,850 51,444 50,850
Revised Volume= m3 66,733 66,735 66,742 66,735
Based on revised volume and detention time the resulting effluent quality at the effluent of facultative ponds is
expected to be as follows.
Pond Unit FP1-1 FP1-2 FP2-1 FP2-2
Retention time= days 3.42 3.42 3.42 3.42
FC effluent= FC/100ml 2.44E+05 2.71E+04 2.44E+05 2.71E+04
Helminth egg removal rate percent, Ra= % 91.5 91.5 91.5 91.5
Helminth egg in effluent, Ef= egg/liter 5.27 0.45 5.27 0.45

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2.21 Unit 15: Outlet Structures of Facultative & Maturation Ponds

Task: Withdrawal and conveyance of waste water

Type: Reinforced concrete outlet Design Data: Main Dimensions: 8 unit

chamber and pipe. Qmax = 139 l/s Length: 7.40 m
Width: 1.90 m
Qmin = 390 l/s
Height: 1.64 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-MST-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The outlets (one in each pond) of the Facultative & Maturation ponds consist of concrete chambers built into the
(inside) slope of the dam. The chambers have an opening below water level to withdraw the settled wastewater from
the ponds and hold back floating matters. Inside the chamber the water flows over an overflow weir to the outlet
channel. The channels and the outlet structures shall be constructed according to the drawings.
The structures consist of: masonry wing wall in which the outlet pipe is surrounded, reinforced concrete baffle wall
with opening at the bottom and a reinforced concrete slab (approach) for erosion protection.
The internal dimensions of the chambers are 1.80 x 1.50 x 1.39 m. The chambers have an opening (0.30 x 1.50 m).
Concrete slab cast on top of the masonry wall will provide a walkway access to the inlet chamber for maintenance
and inspection purposes.
For computing the flow rate a weir with flow equation Q=0.0851 h3/2 shall be used. Where Q is in l/s, h is in mm
The maximum water level and weir level are as presented in table below.

Equipment
Railing for the walkways and the outlet chambers
.

Calculations:
Outlet Pond Delivers to WW Level Weir Crest Free fall WWL in
Structure (masl) Level (masl) at Weir Chamber
(m) (masl)
OS.04 FP1.1 CLN4.01 2058.30 2,058.11 0.30 2,058.00
OS.05 FP2.1 CLN4.02 2058.30 2,058.11 0.30 2,058.00
OS.06 FP1.2 CLN5.01 2,056.25 2,056.06 0.30 2,055.95
OS.07 FP2.2 CLN5.02 2,055.50 2,055.31 0.30 2,055.20
OS.08 MP1.1 CLN6.01 2,054.50 2,054.31 0.30 2,054.20
OS.09 MP2.1 CLN6.02 2,055.00 2,054.80 0.30 2,054.70
OS.10 MP1.2 CLN7.01 2,053.30 2,053.11 0.30 2,053.00
OS.11 MP2.2 CLN7.02 2,053.80 2,053.61 0.80 2,053.00

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2.22 Unit 16: Connection Lines (CNL.04, CNL.05, CNL.06, & CNL.07)

Task: Conveyance of Wastewater

Type: Reinforced Concrete Pipe Design Data: Main Dimensions:

Q min =215.6 l/s Dia 0.5m Length 1,594 m
Dia 0.6m Length 192 m
Q max =413.5 l/s

Drawings: ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
CNL.04.1 – connects out let structure of FP1.1 with inlet structure of FP1.2
CNL.04.2 – connects out let structure of FP2.1 with inlet structure of FP2.2
CNL.05.1 – connects out let structure of FP1.2 with inlet structure of MP1.1
CNL.05.2 – connects out let structure of FP2.2 with inlet structure of MP2.1
CNL.06.1 – connects out let structure of MP1.1 with inlet structure of MP1.2
CNL.06.2 – connects out let structure of MP2.1 with inlet structure of MP2.2
CNL.07.1 – connects out let structure of MP1.2 with plant outlet channel.
CNL.07.2 – connects out let structure of MP2.2 with plant outlet channel.
The flow system will be an open channel flow with circular reinforced concrete pipes.
The necessary manhole and drop manholes are considered in the design. There will be 10 (ten) intermediate manhole
(MH.TW16 to MH.T25). The pipe slope shall be kept at 0.0.50 %. Manning’s equation has been adopted. Manning’s
Coefficient = 0.012

Calculations:

LINE CALC PROP

NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)
CLN.04.1 OS.04 MH.T16 2,059.50 2,059.00 2,057.66 2,057.18 97.00 459 500
MH.T16 IS.06 2,059.00 2,057.20 2,057.18 2,055.95 245.00 459 500
CLN.04.2 OS.05 MH.T17 2,055.70 2,057.00 2,057.66 2,056.45 243.00 459 500
MH.T17 MH.T18 2,057.00 2,057.00 2,056.45 2,056.16 57.00 459 500
MH.T18 IS.07 2,057.00 2,056.00 2,056.16 2,055.20 192.00 459 500

LINE ANGLE ACTUAL DEPTH

NO. MANHOLE NO. Flow FULL FLOW, Q OF FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. OF FLOW d/D
  FROM TO (m3/s) (m3/s) V (m/s) RADIAN     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
CLN.04.1 OS.04 MH.T16 0.2301 0.29 1.47 3.86 0.80 1.64 338 68
MH.T16 IS.06 0.2301 0.29 1.47 3.86 0.80 1.64 338 68
CLN.04.2 OS.05 MH.T17 0.2301 0.29 1.47 3.86 0.80 1.64 338 68
MH.T17 MH.T18 0.2301 0.29 1.47 3.86 0.80 1.64 338 68
MH.T18 IS.07 0.2301 0.29 1.47 3.86 0.80 1.64 338 68

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Calculations:

LINE CALC PROP

NO. MANHOLE NO. GROUND LEVEL INVERT LEVEL LENGTH DIA. DIA.
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  (M)  (mm) (mm)
OS.06 MH.T19 2,058.70 2,057.70 2,055.62 2,055.08 107.00 455 500
CLN.05.1 MH.T19 MH.T20 2,057.70 2,058.90 2,055.08 2,054.50 116.00 455 500
MH.T20 IS.08 2,058.90 2,057.30 2,054.50 2,054.22 57.00 455 500
CLN.05.2 OS.07 IS.09 2,052.70 2,052.40 2,054.87 2,054.72 29.00 455 500
OS.08 MH.T21 2,052.70 2,052.80 2,053.88 2,053.77 22.00 450 500
CLN.06.1 MH.T21 MH.T22 2,052.80 2,052.30 2,053.77 2,053.21 112.00 450 500
MH.T22 IS.10 2,052.30 2,052.16 2,053.21 2,053.03 36.00 450 500
OS.09 MH.T23 2,051.30 2,051.70 2,054.37 2,053.59 156.00 450 500
CLN.06.2
MH.T23 IS.11 2,051.70 2,051.50 2,053.59 2,053.50 19.00 450 500
OS.10 MH.T24 2052.2 2052.25 2,052.68 2,052.44 47.00 448 500
CLN.07.1
MH.T24 MH.T25 2052.25 2052.10 2,052.44 2,052.24 40.00 448 500
CLN.07.2 OS.11 MH.T25 2052.10 2052.10 2,052.68 2,052.58 19.00 448 500
CLN.07.3 MH.T25 OF.02 2052.10 2051.00 2,051.96 2,051.00 192.00 581 600

LINE ANGLE ACTUAL DEPTH

NO. MANHOLE NO. Flow FULL FLOW, Q OF FLOW (QD/Q) VEL. OF FLOW d/D
  FROM TO (m3/s) (m3/s) V (m/s) RADIAN     (m/s) (mm)   (%)
CLN.05.1 OS.06 MH.T19 0.2248 0.29 1.47 3.81 0.78 1.63 332 66
MH.T19 MH.T20 0.2248 0.29 1.47 3.81 0.78 1.63 332 66
MH.T20 IS.08 0.2248 0.29 1.47 3.81 0.78 1.63 332 66
CLN.05.2 OS.07 IS.09 0.2248 0.29 1.47 3.81 0.78 1.63 332 66
CLN.06.1 OS.08 MH.T21 0.2179 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
MH.T21 MH.T22 0.2179 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
MH.T22 IS.10 0.2179 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
CLN.06.2 OS.09 MH.T23 0.2181 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
MH.T23 IS.11 0.2181 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
CLN.07.1 OS.10 MH.T24 0.2156 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
MH.T24 MH.T25 0.2156 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
CLN.07.2 OS.11 MH.T25 0.2158 0.29 1.47 3.73 0.75 1.62 323 65
CLN.07.3 MH.T25 OF.02 0.4315 0.47 1.66 3.73 0.75 1.83 388 65

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2.23 Unit 17: Maturation Ponds

Task: Further bio-degradation of organic load and removal of nematode eggs

Type: Ponds with earth embankment Design Data: Main Dimensions: 2 x 2 = 4 unit
Qd = 19,168 m3/d Average Length: 368 m
BOD5-load = 663 kg/day average Width: 74 m
T = 19.4°C (wastewater) Depth: 1.50 m

Drawings: ATW-GL-01, ATW-FP-01

Explanatory Remarks:
The effluent quality from the facilitative pond doesn’t satisfy the final effluent requirements with respect to BOD5 and
faecal coli-forms, therefore further treatment with maturation ponds is required.
The Maturation Ponds will receive the flow from the respective facultative pond. There will be two MPs in each line.
Total of 4 maturation ponds (2 in parallel & 2 in series) will be constructed parallel to the contour. . The distance
between the ponds will be 4 m, measured at the crest of the dam. The inner embankment of the ponds (wet side)
will be sloped 1:3, whereas the outer banks of the dams (dry side) will have a slope of 1:2.
The maximum height of embankment will be 2.0 m above the present ground level. The total depth will be 2.00 m
including a freeboard of 0.50 m. A 4,00 meter wide gravel road on the crest of the dam and on all sides will assure
maintenance access. The maximum water level in each pond is as presented in table below.
Pond MP1.1 MP2.1 MP1.2 MP2.2
MWW Level (masl) 2054.55 2055.05 2053.35 2053.82

Calculations:
Maximum allowable BOD Loading on first maturation pond= 0.75 x ALR =240 kgBOD/ha/day
Average daily inflow from Facultative ponds= 57,503 m3/day
BOD Load on Maturation Pond= 1,989 kgBOD/day
BOD removal = (0.725 ALR + 10.75)/ALR= 77.0%
KT=2.34, Depth, D=1.50 m, Lines in Parallel, Lp=3
Number of ponds in series, n= 2
Ni= 2.71E+04 FC/100ml
Expected FC in final effluent, Nf= 1,000 FC/100ml
Cell residence time per pond in series, t= 1.80 days
Required Area per line, A= 45,923 m2
Evaporation from pond= 1,102 m3/day
Average Flow through MP= 56,952 m3/day
Corrected Area per line= 45,483 m2
Incremental factor of first pond= 1.10
Total area of first ponds= 75,047 m2
Organic load to first maturation pond (s)= 265.0 mg/l BOD Load on first ponds too high
MP effluent BOD= 1.8 mg/l OK
Helminth egg removal in maturation ponds= Ra=82.5%
For n ponds in series, Combined Removal= 96.95 %

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Calculations cont’d:
Four (4) maturation ponds with average dimensions given below are required for Stage I.
Pond Unit MP1-1 MP1-2 MP2-1 MP2-2
Length/width ratio= 5.36 5.86 4.79 5.86
Area at mid depth m2 25,016 22,741 25,016 22,741
Width at mid-depth= m 68 62 72 62
Length at mid-depth= m 366 365 346 365
Width at bottom= m 63.8 57.8 67.8 57.8
Length at bottom= m 361.8 360.5 341.6 360.5
Width at maximum water level= m 72.8 66.8 76.8 66.8
Length at maximum Water Level= m 370.8 369.5 350.6 369.5
Area= m2 26,996 24,681 26,923 24,681
Free board= m 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Width at top of embankment= m 75.8 69.8 79.8 69.8
Length at top of embankment= m 374 372.5 353.6 372.5
Top Area= m2 28,335 25,999 28,214 25,999
Volume= m3 37,529 34,108 37,530 34,108
Retention time= days 1.98 1.80 1.98 1.80
FC effluent= FC/100ml 4.82E+03 925 4.82E+03 925
Helminth egg removal rate percent, Ra= % 83.9 82.5 83.9 82.5
Helminth egg in effluent, Ef= egg/liter 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.01

Based on revised volume and detention time the resulting effluent quality at the effluent of maturation ponds is
expected to be as follows
Pond Unit MP1-1 MP1-2 MP2-1 MP2-2
Retention time= days 1.98 1.80 1.98 1.80
FC effluent= FC/100ml 4.82E+03 925 4.82E+03 925
Helminth egg removal rate percent, Ra= % 83.9 82.5 83.9 82.5
Helminth egg in effluent, Ef= egg/liter 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.01

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2.24 Unit 18: FDT.03, SLG.01 & SLG.02

Task: Receives digested sludge and Distributes to drying beds, Equal distribution of sludge flow to the drying via
uPVC pipes

Type: Reinforced Concrete Structure, uPVC Design Data: Main Dimensions:

pipe QD = 49 l/s width: 2.00 m
Length: 1.70 m
height: 2.80 m

Drawings: ATW-SDB.01, ATW-GL-01

Explanatory Remarks:
18a - Flow Distribution Tank Three – FDT.03: is a rectangular concrete structure consisting flow receiving and splitting
chamber. It serves as sludge collecting and distributing chamber. It receives, periodically, sludge pumped from the
anaerobic pond.
The chamber is located north of the drying beds. From there the sludge is distributed by gravity via DN 200 uPVC pipes
to the drying beds
The receiving chamber of FDT.02 has a measurement of 1.70m (L) x 2.00m (W) x 1.40m (D). The floor level is fixed at
2063.80 masl and the maximum sludge level is fixed at 2064.80 masl.
The flow splitting unit has two compartments. The sludge flow over 0.50 m wide weir into the splitting chambers. Each
splitting chambers measures 1.00m (L) x 0.90m (W) x 1.40m (D). Gates, which will be controlled from the top of the
chamber, are provided on each splitting chamber outlet.
The maximum sludge level in the splitting chambers shall be fixed at 2064.50 masl.
The loading of the FDT.03 will be by means of a mobile pump and ND 100 quick coupling pipes.
18b – Sludge Lines.
Digested and settled sludge in the anaerobic pond will be pumped with surf mounted pump and will be conveyed via
SLG.01 from the three anaerobic ponds to the FDT.03. SLG.01 is designed as a rising main.
SLG.02 conveys sludge collected in FDT.03 to the drying beds. It connects the FDT.03 (Unit 18a) at one end and
Drying Beds at the other end. The pipe line will be a pressurized line with control valves at the outlet of FDT.03.
The Stage II sludge production rate is used as a design flow.
Hazen Williams equation has been adopted with HW’s Constant (HWC) = 110
S=10.666*HWC-1.85*D-4.87*Q^1.85, V=0.355*HWC*D0.63*S0.54, PL=SL, CL= kV2/2g, TL=PL+CL, H=HGL1-HGL2
Where, S=Specific loss (m/m), D=pipe diameter (m), Q=design flow (m3/s), and V=Velocity (m/s), PL=Pipe loss(m),
L=Pipe length (m), CL=Connection losses (m), k = loss coefficient, TL=Total Loss(m), H=Head(m)

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Calculations:
18a - Flow Distribution Tank Three – FDT.03
Desludging Period= 2 years
Sludge accumulation rate, SAR= 0.04 m3/years/pers.
Population Equivalent= 460,860 PE
Sludge Volume to be pumped every 2 year= 36,869 m3/year
Daily sludge production= 101 m3/day
Sludge pumping time per year= 26 times
Pumping rate per day= 1,418 m3/day
Pumping hour= 8 hrs/day
sludge pumping rate = 0.049 m3/s
detention time= 110 sec
Volume= 5.4 m3
Depth= 1.00 m
Area= 5.40 m2
Length= 2.70 m
Width= 2.00 m
Provide free board= 0.40 m
Ground Level elevation= 2,060.30 masl
Maximum WL in FDT3= 2,064.80 masl
MWL in Splinter Chamber= 2,064.50 masl
18b-1 – Sludge Line One (SLG.01)

LINE NO. JUNCTION. STATIC LEVEL HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LENGTH DIA. FLOW,
  FROM TO masl masl masl masl  L(m) D (m) Q (m3/s)
SLG.02 FDT.03 DB 2,060.30 2,061.50 2,064.50 2,062.52 210.00 0.25 0.05
daily digeste

18b-2 – Sludge Line Two (SLG.02)

SPECIFIC LOSS IN CONNECTION TOTAL

LINE NO. JUNCTION LOSS VELOCITY PIPE LOSS LOSS HEAD
  FROM TO S (m/m) V (m/s) PL (m) CL (m) TL (m) H(m) 
SLG.02 FDT.03 DB 0.0058 1.01 1.22 0.76 1.98 1.02

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2.25 Unit 19: Sanitary Land Fill

Task: Reduction of moisture content of dried sludge.

Type: Pond with earth embankment Design Data: Main Dimensions: 1 unit
Dry Sludge V1 = 2,507 m3/year Area: 6,468 m2
Depth: 3.0 m
Dry Sludge V2 = 3,881 m3/year

Drawings: ATW-GL-01 & ATW-SLF-01

Explanatory Remarks:
One sanitary land fill will be constructed east of the drying beds at about 160 m.
The pond will be constructed by cutting into the sloped ground level. The pond shall be constructed parallel to the
slopes as well as to the treatment plant’s eastern boundary.
The inner embankment of the pond will be sloped 1:3, whereas the outer banks of the dams will have a slope of 1:2.
The longest top embankment length is approximately 123 m and the width is 66 m. The total area at top embankment
is 6,468 m2. The total depth will be 3.0m .

Calculations:
Volume of digested sludge= 18,434 m3/year
Moisture content of digested wet sludge= 92% 8m3 is solid &92 m3 is liquid
Volume of solid content of wet sludge= 1,475 m3/year
Moisture content of dry sludge= 62% 38m3 is solid &62 m3 is liquid
Volume of dry sludge = 3,881 m3/year
Storage period at Land fill = 5.00 year
Volume of land fill= 19,405 m3
Depth of land fill= 3.00 m
Surface Area= 6,468 m2
Internal embankment slope, Vert:1: 3 Horizontal
External embankment slope, Vert 1: 2 Horizontal
Length to width ratio= 2.0
Width at mid-depth= 57 m
Length at mid-depth= 114 m
Width at bottom= 48 m
Length at bottom= 105 m
Width at TOP= 66 m
Length at top= 123 m
Road width = 4 m
External embankment width= 78 m
External embankment Length= 135 m

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