VILLAGE WATER AND AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

1. INTRODUCTION
The pollution has become a major problem around the world, air pollution and water
pollution is the most dangerous, shocking and severe pollution among other pollutions e.g.
water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, light pollution, thermal pollution etc. Water
pollution is the major cause of diseases like typhoid fever, Cholera, Diarrhea etc. Air
pollution is the major cause of diseases like asthma, cancer, bronchitis, birth defects and
immune system like diseases. The impact of water on any living beings is beyond description.
With the rapid increase of world population, water management becomes an important issue
specially in industrial, agricultural and other sectors. Most of the people around the world lack
behind drinkable water. Every year many people are suffering from various fatal diseases
caused by water pollution. Research has found that around 5 million death is caused only
because of drinking unsafe water. Research by WHO (World Health Organization) shows that
almost 1.4 million of child death can be prevented by providing drinkable water to them.
Considering the daily newspapers and any other electronic or print media, a devastating news
which is spreading day by day is people is becoming sick and the climate is changing such a
way that it has become miserable for living of people. From the aspect from top to bottom,
every people are suffering the curse of climate change. The main reason for the climate change
and people health is air pollution. It has brought changes in climate like global warming, global
dimming, over raining, drought, storms, acid rain, foggy weather etc. The living things on earth
and under water are suffering many problems like change in life due to lack of proper facilities
of life.

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2. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] N. Vijay Kumer, R Ramya developed a system for real time monitoring of the water
quality parameters. In their research they measure the water parameter such as turbidity,
conductivity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. Instead of arduino they used the
raspberry pi b+ model as core controller and send the sensor data on cloud platform.
[2] Brinda D and Jain P.C. in their paper designed a wireless sensor network using zigbee
module. This module transfers the sensor data wirelessly to the microcontroller. Then a GSM
module sends that data to the pc or smart phone. Additionally they used proximity sensors to
alert the regulatory body by sending a SMS via GSM module in case someone tries to pollute
the water body.
[3] Air and Sound Pollution Monitoring System using IoT. - Ms.Sarika Deshmukh, Mr.
Saurabh Surendran, Prof. M.P. Sardey.(June 2017).Is a real-time monitoring system for the
monitoring of concentration of air pollution and sound pollution in the environment. For this
purpose, a hardware system is designed to detect the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
smoke concentration. The output of the system obtained from the sensor and processor
collaboration is in digital form. A network using Wi-Fi technology can transmit the
information of sensor modules to the another location. The proposed system is supposed to
measure the pollution levels of various places or sites.
[4] A smart environment monitoring system using Internet Of Things. Dr.A.Sumithra,J.Jane
Ida, K. Karthika , Dr. S. Gavaskar.(March 2016). This is a community-led air quality sensing
network that allows anyone to collect very high resolution readings of NO2 and CO
concentrations outside of their home.1T 1TSensor networks are also being deployed in
tunnels to monitor air flow, visibility, and a range of gases (CO, CO2, NO2, O2, SH2 and
PM-10).1T 1TOther sensor networks measure temperature, humidity and similar parameters
on highways to qualify them as ‘smart roads’.Due to the vast technological developments in
the field of wireless communication technology it has led to the emergence of many Pollution
monitoring sensors and wireless networks for monitoring and reporting pollution.

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3.PROBLEM DEFINATION

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4.MOTIVATION
Environment around us consists of five key elements. These are soil, water, climate, natural
vegetation and land forms. Among these water the most essential element for human to live. It
is also important for the survival of other living habitants. Whether it is used for drinking,
domestic use, and food production or recreational purposes, safe and readily available water is
must for public health. So it is highly imperative for us to maintain water quality balance.
Otherwise it would severely damage the health of the humans and at the same time affect the
ecological balance among other species.
In the 21st century providing pure drinking water is becoming a major challenge
worldwide.International governing bodies such as United Nations (UN) and World Health
Organization (WHO) also recognized human right to sufficient, continuous, safe, and
acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use.
According to research of WHO 844 million people lack even a basic drinking –water service,
including 159 million people who are dependent on surface water. Impure drinking can cause
life threatening disease such diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio. The research
alarmingly estimates that every year diarrhea alone is causing around death of five lakh people.
Figure 1 illustrates how water crisis becoming an epidemic in twenty first century.

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5.BLOCK DIAGRAM

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6.Components Required
• Arduino UNO
• GSM Module
• pH sensor
• Turbidity sensor
• LCD
• MQ 2
• MQ 7
•

➢ Arduino UNO

Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller. Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference
versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of
USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list
of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.

➢ GSM MODULE

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Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is digital cellular system used for
mobile devices. It is an international standard for mobile which is widely used for long distance
communication. The GSM/GPRS module uses USART communication to communicate with
microcontroller or PC terminal. AT commands are used to configure the module in different
modes and to perform various functions like calling, posting data to a site, etc.

➢ Ph Sensor
Ph is the most important parameter of water. It indicates alkalinity or acidity of a sample. It’s
an analog sensor manufactured by DF Robot. Though digital meter is much accurate and gives
continuous reading, we have to trade off between budget of my project and accuracy. Ph value
is measured in the scale of zero to fourteen and temperature value is found between zero to
eighty degree Celsius. This model is specially designed for arduino and comes with a BNC
connector, a ph sensor circuit board and an analog cable for connection. In order to get correct
value we might need to calibrate it (with solution) before testing the sample. Our target
experiment output should be in range of ph 7-8 as we are testing alkaline sample (swimming
pool water). It’s a dual purpose sensor for measuring both temperature and ph value.
Temperature sensor is used for measuring water temperature, on the other hand ph sensor for
measuring ph value and temperature of surroundings.The circuit board consists of six pins to
connect to any multipoint control unit. Those sixes named To, Do, Po, G,G for Temperature,
limiting ph signal, analog ph value, analog GND, supply GND and 5 volt supply respectively.

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➢ Turbidity Sensor

The Turbidity Sensor emits at its end an infrared light, imperceptible to human vision, capable
of detecting particles that are suspended in water, measuring the light transmittance and the
dispersion rate, which changes according to the Amount of TSS (Total Suspended Solids),
increasing the turbidity of the liquid whenever levels increase. In general, the Arduino
Turbidity Sensor is applied in projects involving the monitoring of water turbidity in rivers,
streams, lakes, water bodies, catchment and research sites, laboratories, tanks with liquids and
so on. This Turbidity Sensor has an end specially prepared for direct contact, having an
electronic module to amplify and send the received data to the microcontroller of the project
The sensor operates on the principle that when the light is passed through a sample of water,
the amount of light transmitted through the sample is dependent on the amount of soil in the
water. As the soil level increases, the amount of transmitted light decreases. The turbidity
sensor measures the amount of transmitted light to determine the turbidity of the wash water.
These turbidity measurements are sent to the dishwasher controller, which makes decisions on
how long to wash in all the cycles.

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➢ LCD -16X2 Display

This is a basic 16 character by 2 line display. Black text on Green background.This is based
on the most common Hitachi''s HD44780 parallel interface chipset. This LCD display can be
easily interfaced to a microcontroller in either 8 bit mode or 4 bit mode depending on the
number of microcontroller pins you have to spare.The LCD only displays a text output however
this is a user interface for display information about battery power or distance to an object.The
nominal operating voltage for LED backlights is 5V at full brightness, with dimming at lower
voltages dependent on the details such as LED color. Non-LED backlights often require higher
voltages.

➢ MQ-2 Sensor
The MQ-2 Smoke LPG Butane Hydrogen Gas Sensor Detector Module is useful for gas
leakage detection (home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol,
Smoke or Propane. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurement can be taken
as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by the potentiometer. MQ-2
gas sensor using gas sensitive material is to be clean air in the lower conductivity of Tin oxide
(SnO2). When the sensor when flammable gases are present in the environment in which the
conductivity of the sensor with an increasing concentration of combustible gas in the air
increases. Use a simple circuit to convert the changes in conductivity and output signal that
corresponds to the concentration of the gas. MQ-2 gas sensor higher sensitivity to liquefied
petroleum gas, propane, hydrogen, detection of gas and other combustible vapors are ideal.
This sensor can detect a variety of flammable gas, is a low-cost sensor for many applications.

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➢ MQ-7 sensor
MQ-7 CO Carbon Monoxide Coal Gas Sensor Module detects the concentrations of CO in
the air and outputs its reading as an analog voltage. The sensor can measure concentrations of
10 to 10,000 ppm. The sensor can operate at temperatures from -10 to 50°C and consumes less
than 150 mA at 5 V.This module provides both digital and analog outputs. The threshold level
for digital output can be easily adjusted using the preset on the board. The MQ-7 sensor module
can be easily interfaced with Micro-controllers, Arduino and etc.

➢ WIFI-Module(ESP8266)
The ESP-01 ESP8266 Serial WIFI Wireless Transceiver Module is a self-contained SOC with
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi
network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi
networking functions from another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-
programmed with an AT command set firmware, meaning, you can simply hook this up to your
Arduino device and get about as much WiFi-ability as a WiFi Shield offers (and that’s just out
of the box). The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost-effective board with a huge, and ever-
growing, community.This module has a powerful enough onboard processing and storage
capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices
through its GPIOs with minimal development up-front and minimal loading during runtime.
Its high degree of on-chip integration allows for minimal external circuitry, including the front-
end module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB area.

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7.ADVANTAGES
• This project is more suitable to monitor water quality and air pollution in real time.
• Dieses related to the air pollution and water pollution can be reduced.
• To monitor data from various locations IOT environment is provided.
• No need to visit the location to monitor the water quality parameters.
• Use of Arduino reduces the price of system by great extent.
• Due to real time monitoring the water quality parameters are available whenever
required which can indicate any water contamination occurred.

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7.APPLICATIONS

• Pollution levels in sea: measuring levels of temperature, salinity, oxygen and nitrates
give feedback for quality-sensing system in seawater.
• Chemical leakage detection in revisers: Extreme pH or low DO values -signal
chemical spills due to sewage treatment plant or supply pipe problem.
• The water quality monitoring is important for several applications such as
environment monitoring of pond and ecosystem, drinking water distribution and
measurement, contamination detection in drinking water
• Road side pollution monitoring.
• Industrial Perimeter monitoring.

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8.REFFERANCES
[1] N.Vijay Kumer, R Ramya, “The Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality in IOT
Environment”,

[2] Brinda and P. C. Jain.“Realtime water quality monitoring system using Internet of Things.
” 2017 International Conference on Computer, Communications and Electronics (Comptelix)

[3] Ms.Sarika Deshmukh, Mr. Saurabh Surendran, Prof. M.P. Sardey, “Air and Sound Pollution
Monitoring System using IoT ” in International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in
Computing and Communication, Volume: 5 Issue: 6, June 2017.

[4] Dr. A. Sumithra, J.Jane Ida, K. Karthika , Dr. S. Gavaskar, “A Smart Environmental
Monitoring System Using Internet Of Things” in International Journal of Scientific
Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS), Volume2, Issue-3,March 2016.

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