Assignment #1

A beam of 7 m length is simply supported at each end is subjected to a

point load and couple at a point B as shown in figure. Determine the
strain energy due to shear and bending. Take EI = 30 kN.m2.
15 kN
20 kN-m
1.a
A B C
5m 2m
[Chapter 2: Strain energy method]

Uniformly distributed load of intensity 15 kN/m crosses a simply

supported beam of span 60 m from left to right. The length of UDL is
10 m. Find the value of maximum bending moment for a section 20 m
1.b from the left end. Find also the absolute value of maximum moment and
shear force in the beam.
[Chapter 6: Influence line diagrams for simple structures]

Determine the horizontal displacement at the roller support D of the

frame as shown in figure by Virtual work method.
20 kN/m
10 kN
B I C
2m
2I 4m
12 kN
2. 3I

3m D

A
5m
[Chapter 3: Virtual work method]

Find slopes at supports and deflection at 3m from the hinge support A of

the beam as shown in figure. Use conjugate beam method. Take E =
205,000 MPa and I = 80 x 106 mm4.

20 kN/m 15 kN
3.
A B E
10m 2m
[Chapter 5: Slopes and deflections of beams]

1
 Draw the influence line diagrams for the forces in the members U1U2,
U1L1 and U1L2 of the truss as shown in figure. Determine the
maximum forces in these members when uniformly distributed load of
intensity 8 kN/m and length 5 m traverses the span.
U1 U2 U3

4.
4.33m

L1 L4
L2 L3
3 x 5 = 15m
[Chapter 6: Influence line diagrams for simple structures]

A three-hinged symmetrical circular arch is of 15m span and 6m rise.

Draw influence line diagram for bending moment, radial shear and
normal thrust in the section at a distance of 3m from the left support.
Use the diagrams to determine these internal forces in the section when
5 the left half of the span is loaded with uniformly distributed load of
intensity 7 kN/m and a vertical concentrated load of magnitude 25 kn at
a distance of 4m from the right support.
[Chapter 7: Statically determinate arches]

A cord supported at tis ends 40 metres apart carries loads of 20 kN, 10

kN and 12 kN at distances 10m, 20m and 30m from the left end. If the
point on the cord where the 10 kN load is supported is 13 metres below
the level of the end supports, determine
i) the reactions at the supports
6.
ii) the tensions in the different parts of the cord and
iii) the total length of the cord
[Chapter 9: Cable structures]

7. Write short notes on any two:

a. Strain Energy due to shear
[Chapter 2: Strain energy method]

b. Tension coefficient method

[Chapter 8: Space trusses]

c. Limitations of real work method

[Chapter 3: Virtual work method]

2
Assignment #2
Determine the strain energy due to shear and bending of the uniform
bend as shown in figure. Assume uniform flexural rigidity.
A B F G

a
1.a C D E

P
4xa
[Chapter 2: Strain Energy Method]

Determine the vertical and horizontal deflections at the free end of the C
of the frame shown in figure using Castigliano’s theorem. Given E =
200 kN/mm2 and I = 30 x 107 mm4.
15 kN

B C
1.b
4m

A
2m

Determine the horizontal displacement at roller support E of the truss as

shown in figure by virtual work method. Members BG and CH are 2
mm too short whereas all the horizontal members are subjected to
temperature rise of 400 C. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and α = 10.8 x 10-
6 0
/ C, area of all the members are 50 cm2.
15 kN
F G H
10 kN
2.

3m

A B C D E
3m 3m 3m 3m

Find slopes at supports and deflection free end P of the cantilever beam
3.
as shown in figure by moment area method. Take EI = 13.5 MNm2.

1
 25 kN
15 kN/m

P I M 3I N
2m 8m
[Chapter 5: Slope and Deflection of Beams]

Draw the influence line diagrams for the forces in the members 1, 2 and
3 of the Pratt truss as shown in figure. Determine the maximum forces
in these members when uniformly distributed load of intensity 2.5 kN/m
and length 4 m traverses on the bottom chord of the truss.
1
4. 2
1.4m
3
8 x 1.4m
[Chapter 6: Influence Line Diagrams for Simple Structures]

For the symmetrical, parabolic three hinged arch of span 12 m and rise 5
m. Draw influence line diagram of bending moment, radial shear and
normal thrust for the section at a distance 3m from the left support. Use
5. these diagrams to calculate the internal force quantities when a
uniformly distributed load of intensity 15 kN/m is acting on left half of
the span.

Determine the maximum bending moment of the section at 10m distant

from the left hand abutment on the bridge girder due to the series of
moving wheel loads 100 kN, 200 kN, 300 kN, 250 kN and 150 kN at
6.a
centre to centre distance of 3m, 2m, 2.5m and 1.5m respectively from
left to right. Assume 100 kN is a leading load.

A suspension bridge with a three-hinged stiffening girder has a span of

120 m with a central dip of 10m. It has to carry 20 kN/m dead load and
40 kN/m live load. Calculate the maximum tension in cable and its
cross-sectional area if the permissible stress of cable is 120 N/mm2.
6.b
Find also the shear force and bending moment for the girder at 20
metres from the left end.

7. Write short notes on any two:

a. Strain Energy due to suddenly applied load

b. Principal of virtual work

c. Maxwell’s Reciprocal Theorem

2
 Assignment #3
1. a) Explain kinematic indeterminacy with example of frame taken as
members extensible and members inextensible.

2. Determine the vertical deflection of joint H. All the top chord members are
subjected to temperature rise of 20oC and all vertical members are 20mm
too short. Take α=12*10-6/oC, E=200KN/mm2. Area of each member is
1500mm2 .
20KN

C D E F G

4m
A B
H

4@3m=12m

3. a) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 30 m has its supports A and B

at different levels. A being higher level than B. The supports A is 4m
below the crown hinge C and 12 m horizontally from A. Find the
depth of supports B below the hinge C if the arch carries a udl 30
KN/m from A-C. Determine horizontal thrust, vertical reaction at
supports and maximum bending moment for the arch.
b) Using Castigliano’s theorem to determine the rotation at B for the
continuous beam.

1
 10KN/m

A
C
B

4m 3m

4. Determine the horizontal displacement of the roller end D of the portal

frame shown in figure using unit load method. Take EI is 8000KNm2. (15)

6KN

B 1m 1m C
I

3m 1.5I
I

4m 2KN/m
A

5. A system of 4 loads of 40 kN, 60 kN, 100 kN and 80 kN crosses left to

right with 80 kN load leading over the beam of a bridge on Narayani river
and has a span of 60m. The distance between the load is 3m, 4m and 3m
respectively. Find the maximum B.M and shear force at the mid of the
span using ILD method. Also find the absolute maximum bending moment
on the beam.

6. a) Analysis the member forces in the three-bar space truss shown in figure
using tension coefficient method.

2
 b) A cable is designed to support a bridge over Karnali river. The river
has span of 120m and the cable has central dip of 8m and loaded with
9 kN/m throughout the span, supported at same level. Calculate the
maximum tension in the cable and also suggest the necessary diameter
of the cable if the allowable stress for the cable is 120 N/mm2.

7. Write short notes on: (Any two)

a) Prove theorems of Conjugate Beam method
b) Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem
c) Importance of structural analysis

3
 Assignment #4
1. A beam section having EI 3.36×1011 Nmm2 is used as simply supported
beam, the effective span is 4m. A weight of 250N falls from a height 'h' to
the midpoint of the beam. Calculate the value of 'h' in mm so that
maximum stress developed doesnot exceed 120Mpa. Also calculate the
maximum deflection produced in the beam by impact.
2. Find rotation at the free end and deflection at midspan of a cantilever beam
of length L by unit load method if the cantilever is loaded with UDL of
intensity ‘w’.
3. a) Find slope at A in the given beam by Castigliano’s theorem.
60 kN
1.5 I 2I 3I
A C D B

1.8 3m 1.5
m m

b) Find rotation at A by moment area method.

8 kN 8 kN

A I 2I I
C D B

1.5 m 2m 1.5 m

4. a) Determine the slope & deflection at the free end of the beam shown in
figure, by conjugate beam method, take EI is constant throughout.

b) A suspension bridge of 100 m span has a three hinged stiffening

girder supported by cables having a central dip of 10m. The supports
1
 are at same level and the left half of the span is loaded with uniformly
distributed load of 30 kN/m. Compute the support reactions and draw
the bending moment diagram of the structure.
5. Determine the Influence line diagram for the forces of members U2U3,
U2L2 and U1L2. Consider unit load moves on the lower chord form Lo to
L6.

6PANNELS@a=6a

6. a) A 3 hinged parabolic arch has span of 24m and a central rise of 4m. It
carries a concentrated load of 50 kN at 18m from the left support and
UDL of 30 kN/m over the left half portion. Find the moment, Normal
thrust and radial shear at a section 6m from the left support.
b) Figure shows a plan of a tripod, the feet A,B and C being in same
horizontal plane and apex D being 3.75m above the plane .Horizontal
loads of 100 KN and 150 kN are applied at D .Find the forces in
members assuming all joints are pin joint frame using tension
coefficient method.

2
7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
a) Linearity and Non-Linearity in Structural Analysis
b) Structurally determinate and Structurally Indeterminate Structures
c) Components of suspension bridge with neat sketch

3
 Assignment #5
1. a) A simply supported stepped beam having span 6m is subjected to the
concentrated load of 40KN that falls from a height of 10mm at point C
as shown in the figure. Determine the maximum instantaneous
deflection, Maximum Stress and Moment. Take EI=2000KNm2.

b) Find the horizontal deflection at point D by using strain Energy

Method.

2. In the truss shown in figure, determine the relative displacement between

joints D and I. The rise in temperature in bottom members is 200C and the
diagonal members are 10mm too long. The cross section area of all
members is equal to 100 mm2. Take E = 2x105 N/mm2 & α=12x10-6/0C.

1
3. Using moment area method, calculate the intensity of UDL over the beam
shown in figure so that deflection at the free end does not exceed
100mm.Also verify it by using conjugate beam method. Take EI=4000KN
m2.

4. a) A uniformly distributed load of intensity 5KN/m with span of 4m

including the point load of 50KN move through the beam of span 20m
from right to left. Find the max shear and moment at a section 3m far
from the left support if the point load can be placed anywhere within
the span of UDL while moving. Also determine the absolute
maximum shear and moment anywhere in the beam.
b) Define statically determinate and indeterminate structures. Derive the
equations to determine degree of static indeterminacy for different
types of structures.

2
 OR
Prove that the partial derivative of strain energy with respect to the
load at any point gives the deflection at that point.
5. a) A cable suspended between two supports in the different level carries
an uniformly distributed load of 10 KN/m of horizontal span.
Horizontal distance between the supports is 120m. Lower support is at
7m below the higher support and lowest point in the cable is at 5m
below the lower support. Calculate maximum and minimum tension
forces in the cable. Also calculate the length of the cable.
b) A three hinged parabolic arch hinged at springing and crown points
has a span of 40m and central rise of 8m. It carries three point loads of
50 KN each at 6m, 20m & 32m respectively from the left end. Find
bending moment, shear force and normal thrust at 15m from the left
support by using ILD concept.
6. a) Analyze the member forces in the given space truss shown in figure
below by using tension coefficient method.

b) Construct influence lines for the girder for the shear force in panel 2-3
& moment at 4.

3
7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
a) Linear and non- Linear structures
b) Components of suspension bridge
c) Bett's Law.

4
 Assignment #6
1. A steel bar of 20 m diameter encased in a brass tube of 30 mm outside
diameter is 1.5 m long. The bar is fixed at the top end and is provided with
a light flange at its lower end to arrest a falling sleeve of mass 1000 Kg
through a height of 5 mm on to the flange. Taking Young’s modulus for
brass and steel to be 100 and 200 GN/m2 respectively, calculate the
maximum stress in brass and steel.
2. In the frame shown, for which position of force P on the beam, the
horizontal displacements of joints C & D will be maximum? Also calculate
the maximum values of the displacements.
P

B C

L L

A D

3. a) A simple supported beam of span 6 m with an overhang of length 2 m

on both sides is loaded at 1 m from the free ends with a concentrated
load of 20 KN each, besides udl of 5 KN/m in the middle third of the
span. Calculate the deflection of the mid span using Macaulay’s
method.
b) Prove that the shear force at any section of a conjugate beam is equal
to the slope at the Corresponding section on the real beam
4. A three hinge parabolic arch has a span of 40 m and central rise of 10 m.
Draw the ILD for Horizontal thrust, BM, Normal thrust & Radial shear at 8
m from left support. Also determine the location of Zero BM & Radial
shear from ILD drawn
5. Which position of the 50 KN load from the set of concentrated parallel
loads in the span gives the maximum bending moment in the beam, when
the set moves from right to left end of the beam. Determine where the
section with maximum bending moment would be & what whould be its
1
 magnitude. Take distances between any two loads of the set to be fixed.
40 KN 30 KN 50 KN 40 KN

1 m 3 m 1.3 m

A B

12 m

6. A three hinged stiffening girder of a suspension bridge of span 120 m is

subjected to two point loads of 180 KN & 250 KN at a distance of 22 m &
45 m from left end. Find the SF & BM in the girder at a distance of 28 m
from left end. Draw SFD & BMD for girder.. The main cable has a dip of
10 m. Also determine the maximum tension in the cable
7. a) Explain the linear and non- linear behavior of structures.
b) Derive the expression for Maxwell’s law of reciprocal law.
OR
Methods of finding member forces in space truss.

2
 Assignment #7
1. a) A cantilever prismatic beam of width 200 mm having span 8 m is
subjected to the load of 40 kN that falls from a height of 60 mm at
free end as shown in the figure (All dimensions are in mm).
Determine the maximum instantaneous deflection, maximum stress
kN
and bending moment. Take EI=2000
m2

60
30
500

8000

2. In the truss shown in figure below, determine the vertical and horizontal
displacement of joint E. The rise in temperature in all members is 600C
and the member BE and AD are 5 mm too short during fabrication. The
cross sectional area of all members is equal to 300 mm2. Take E = 2x105
N 1 1
and α=
mm 2 7500 o C

3. Using moment area method, calculate the deflection at free ends of the
1
 beam shown in figure. Also verify it by using integration method with
Macaulay’s algorithm and conjugate beam method.
4. CThe system of concentrated loads and following with UDL shown in the
agiven figure rolls from right to left across a beam simply supported over a
span of 100 m, the 90 kN load is leading. For a section 20 m from the left
hand support, determine:
a. The maximum bending moment
b. The maximum shearing force
Also calculate the absolute maximum bending moment.

5. a) A three hinged parabolic arch has a span of 80m and central rise is
seen 8m from left support and 12 m from right support. It carries 50
kN
kN load at crown and 5 of UDL throughout the span. Find
m
bending moment, shear force and normal thrust at 20 m from the left
support. Also verify them using ILD.
b) A three hinged stiffening girder in suspension bridge of deck width 4
m and span of 175 m with supports are same RLs’. The lowest point
in the cable is 15 m below the towers. The 2 girders are subjected to
kN
bear an areal load of 5 along the throughout deck area and 50
m2
kN, 100 kN concentrated loads are subjected to 30 m and 50 m from
left support C which lie along central axes of the bridge. Determine
Moment due to those loads at distance from 40 m from right support.
Also verify your answer by ILD.
6. a) Analyze the member forces and all reactions in the given space truss
for 3 slant members AC ,BC and DC shown in figure below releasing
support reactions of A ,D and B supports in the directions x, y and z
2
 respectively. The 50 kN force acts at C with angle
 x  30o ,  y  45o and  z  60o

b) A vehicle moves left to right through upper chord of the following

truss bridge as shown in figure. If the vehicles weighs 75 kN. Find the
axial forces developed using ILD in members with double cross.

Bridge Axis

7m
4 Panel @ 5 m
7. Write short notes on: (Any two)
a) Proof of Castigliano’s theory with examples
b) Least work theory with example
c) Various forms of the stricture and application in civil engineering