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Design Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube The

The document outlines the design process for a shell and tube heat exchanger to cool process steam from 693K to 493K using cooling water from 298K to 473K. It involves calculating the heat duty, determining the log mean temperature difference, selecting design parameters like tube size and pitch, and calculating heat transfer coefficients and number of tubes required. The area required is determined to be 97m2, so a floating head shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 tube passes made of carbon steel is selected to meet the design needs and specifications.

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853 views8 pages

Design Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube The

The document outlines the design process for a shell and tube heat exchanger to cool process steam from 693K to 493K using cooling water from 298K to 473K. It involves calculating the heat duty, determining the log mean temperature difference, selecting design parameters like tube size and pitch, and calculating heat transfer coefficients and number of tubes required. The area required is determined to be 97m2, so a floating head shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 tube passes made of carbon steel is selected to meet the design needs and specifications.

Uploaded by

zatamaqeel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design heat exchanger shell and tube

THERMO HYDRAULIC DESIGN PROCEDURE SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER


Thermo hydraulic design steps for shell and tube heat exchanger are,

 Calculation of heat duty(Q).

 Calculation of log mean temperature difference.(LMTD)

 Finding out correction factor for LMTD

 Correction of LMTD

 Assuming overall coefficient(U)

 Area calculation

 Calculation of number of tubes

 Corrected area.
Design heat exchanger shell and tube

 Shell side calculation

 Selection of shell inside diameter


 Baffle spacing
 Pitch calculation
 Tube clearance
 Shell area
 Mass velocity
 Equivalent diameter
 Reynold’s number across shell side
 Factor for heat transfer calculation
 Prandtl’s number
 Individual heat transfer coefficient

 Tube side calculation

 Flow area per tube


 Number of tubes calculation
 Tube area calculation
 Mass velocity calculation
 Reynold’s number across tube side
 Velocity calculation
 Prandtl’s number
 Calculation of factor for heat transfer coefficient
 Calculation of individual heat transfer coefficient

 Calculation of overall clean coefficient

 Dirt factor

 Pressure drop calculations

 Pressure drop across shell side


 Pressure drop across tube side
STEP 1:-for design
We desired to design the heat exchanger (shell and tube )in the power plant nuclear .)) Note
that the available area (110 m2 ) And not to be less area of heat exhanger (90 m2 ) for
cool the process stream from (693 k) to (493 k) by the use of cooling water its has inlet temp
(298k ),outlet temp (473 k) .
Design heat exchanger shell and tube

To complete the specification, the duty (heat transfer rate Q ) needed to be calculated. The mean
temp of process stream and water :
Tm of water =298+473/2= 385 k
Tm of steam = 493+693 /2= 593 k
Now: - For process stream duty or heat transfer rate if the mass flow rate has m=114528kg/s
q = m Cp  T
q = (114528) x 521 x (693 – 493)
q= 1.193 x1010 J

STEP 2:-
Physical Properties Of Process stream
INLET MEAN OUTLET UNITS

Temperature 693 593 493 K

Specific heat (Cp) 521 KJ/Kg K

Thermal
0.044 W/mK
conductivity (k)

Density () 800 Kg/m3

Viscosity () 6.31x10-4 kgm-1s-1


Design heat exchanger shell and tube
For Water:-

INLET MEAN OUTLET UNITS

Temperature 298 385 473 K

Specific heat (Cp) 490 KJ/Kg K

Thermal
0.6912 W/mK
conductivity (k)

Density () 445 Kg/m3

Viscosity () 1.028x10-3 kgm-1s-1

Step 3:-
For system of water, the value of overall heat transfer (U L )lies in the range of 375-
750W/m2 K, so assume.
UL=650 W/m2 K

Step 4:-
Usually an even number of tube passes the preferred arrangement.
For 1 shell and 2 tube passes

LMTD

 T1=(Thi –Tco )=(693-473)=220 k


 T2= (Tho–Tci)=(493-298)=195k
LMTD = [  T1–  T2]/ln[(  T1)/(  T2)]
(  Tm) LMTD = [(220) – (195)]/ln[(220)/(195)]
=207.2 K
Q = UL Ao  Tm
Ao = Q / Uo  Tm
Ao = 1.193 x1010 J / (650 x 207.2)
Ao = 88.5m2
Design heat exchanger shell and tube

Finding out correction factor for LMTD


R,S&F

R=( Thi –Tco)/( Tco –Tci)


=(693-493)/(473-298)
=1.1428
S=( Tco–Tci)/( Thi –Tho)
=(473-298)/(693-493)
=0.44

From Fig 3 to find correction factor Temp correction factor

Ft= 0.91
Design heat exchanger shell and tube

Corrected LMTD
Corrected LMTD= =Ft * LMTD(  Tm)
= 0.91 * 207.2
=188.52K

Step 5:-
Heat Transfer Area:
Q = UL Ao  Tm
Ao = Q / Uo  Tm
Ao = 1.193 x1010 J / (650 x 188.52)
Ao = 97m2
SELECTION OF HEAT EXCHANGER
 A < 2m2 (21.5 ft2) select a coiled heat exchanger
 2 m2 < A < 50 m2 (538 ft2) select a double-pipe heat exchanger
 A > 50 m2 select a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. ( ref. Chemical process engineering
design & Economics By Harry Silla)
 As area >50m2, shell and tube heat exchanger with 1-2 shell . Tube pass to get low
pressure drop is selected.

SELECTION Floating head type Heat Exchanger


 The floating head type exchanger is more robust exchanger capable of handling both high
temperature & high pressure.
 It’s one end of tube bundle is not attached to shell & thus can move within shell to take care
of stresses from thermal expansion.
 Since its fabrication is complex so it is approx 25% more expensive than fixed tube type for
same surface area.
 The fluid is not corrosive, so plain carbon steel can be used for the shell and tubes.

Fig(3)
Design heat exchanger shell and tube
Tubes design :
ODt = 3/4 in from TEMA std (AES) type (Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association)

Corresponding to BWG= 14
Tube IDt = 14.83x10-3m
Tube OD= 19.05x10-3m
Tube thickness= 0.002m
Length of tube=5m
Pitch
For design triangular pitch 1.25 in. is selected because it permits the use of more tubes & hence
results in more surface area in a given shell diameter.
(1.25xdo) triangular pitch=1.25x19.05x10-3m =23.81x10-3

Tube Side Heat Transfer Coefficient


Step 6:-
At = (area of one tube) =  do L

= 3.14 x 19.05x10-3 x 5

= 0.299m2

No. of tubes = provisional area /area of 1 tube


# of tubes = 97/ 0.299 = 324
Tubes/pass = 324/2= 162
Step 7:-

Tube cross sectional area =  / 4 (di2)


= /4 x (14.83x10-3)2
=(1.72x10x-4 )m2
Tubes per pass =324/2 =162
Total flow area = 1.72x10-4 *162=0.027 m2
Design heat exchanger shell and tube

Mass velocity:
Gt = mass flow rate for steam /total flow area
=(114528/3600)/0.027=1178.27 kg/sec .m2

Linear velocity :
Ut = Gt /ρ
= 1178.27 /800
Ut = 1.47 m/sec (< 4 m/sec acceptable)

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