This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been

fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  1

A Broadband and High-Gain Planar

Complementary Yagi Array Antenna with
Circular Polarization

Wenlong Zhou, Juhua Liu, Member, IEEE, and Yunliang

Long, Senior Member, IEEE

　
Abstract—A novel planar endfire circularly-polarized (CP)
complementary Yagi array antenna is proposed. The antenna has
a compact and complementary structure, and exhibits excellent
properties (low profile, single feed, broadband, high gain and CP
radiation). It is based on a compact combination of a pair of
complementary Yagi arrays with a common driven element. In
the complementary structure, the vertical polarization is
contributed by a microstrip patch Yagi array, while the (a)
horizontal polarization is yielded by a strip dipole Yagi array.
With the combination of the two orthogonally polarized Yagi
arrays, a CP antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth is
obtained. With a profile of 0.05λ0 (3 mm), the antenna has a gain
of about 8 dBic, an impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of
13.09% (4.57-5.21 GHz) and a 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of
10.51% (4.69-5.21 GHz).

Index Terms—Circular polarization, endfire, planar antenna,

complementary Yagi array.

(b) (c)
I. INTRODUCTION Fig. 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna. (a) 3-D structure. (b) Top view. (c)
Bottom view.

C IRCULARLY polarized (CP) antennas are promising

candidates for modern wireless communication systems,
since they can reduce multipath effect and avoid the bandwidths of 9.24% [13] and 14.48% [14]. However, the
polarization mismatch between receivers and transmitters. antennas have narrow impedance bandwidths of 2.4% [13] and
Planar CP antennas are attractive because they can be made 1.9% [14], and low gains of 2.6 dBic [13] and 2.3 dBic [14],
conformal to the surface of carriers [1]-[17]. Typically, circular respectively. In [15], a planar CP antenna that combined a
polarization can be obtained using a microstrip patch antenna planar magnetic dipole and a V-shape open loop was proposed.
with truncated corners or embedded slots [1]-[2]. However, the With a reactance compensation contributed by the magnetic
microstrip CP antennas [1]-[2] have very narrow bandwidths dipole and the electric dipole, it could achieve a wide
[in impedance and axial-ratio (AR)]. Besides, with the main impedance bandwidth of 22.3%. Nevertheless, the gain of the
beams at broadside, they are not suitable for a circumstance that antenna [15] was still low (about 1.5 dBic). A substrate
needs a radiator for endfire radiation. Recently, various CP integrated magneto-electric dipole antenna proposed in [16]
antennas with omnidirectional radiation were proposed [3]-[12]. had a wide bandwidth, a very small level of back lobes and a
The antennas in [5]-[11] can be developed to have wide high efficiency, but was designed for linear polarization.
bandwidths with low-profile planar structures. However, these In [17], a planar helical antenna with strips and plated
CP antennas [3]-[12] have limitation in gain due to the via-holes was proposed. The antenna has wide AR and
omnidirectional radiation. impedance bandwidths, and generates a high gain in the endfire
In these years, printed complementary antenna designs are direction. However, due to the helical structure, the thickness of
popular. In [13], a planar CP antenna using combined the antenna is relatively high (0.11λ0).
orthogonally magnetic dipoles was proposed to generate an The Yagi array antenna [18] proposed by Yagi and Uda in
endfire beam parallel to the antenna plane. Later, a simpler 1928 was a classic endfire antenna that had a simple structure
structure that used complementary dipoles was proposed [14]. with only one driven element and provided a high gain. In 1989,
With low-profile structures, the antennas achieve wide AR a microstrip patch Yagi array antenna was firstly presented for
satellite communication [19], [20]. Later, a number of planar
  Yagi array antennas [21]-[29] were published. These antennas
This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China
under Grant 61401522, Grant 41376041, Grant 61172026, and in part by the had simple structures, high gain, high radiation efficiency and
NSF of Guangdong Province under Grant 2015A030312010. endfire radiation. However, most of them were designed for
The authors are with the Department of Electronics and Communication linear polarization, among which the antennas [21]-[26]
Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; and with the
SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan 528300,
generated vertical polarization and those [27]-[29] generated
China (e-mail: [email protected]).  horizontal polarization. Although the microstrip patch Yagi

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  2

array antenna proposed by Huang [19], [20] could generate dipole [24] that generates vertical polarization (Fig. 3). The
circular polarization, it employed a dual-feed structure and balance between the vertical and horizontal polarizations can
needed an additional network with a phase difference of about be adjusted by tuning the length (Lp) of the patch and length of
115 degrees. the strip dipole (Ld). With a proper adjustment of the length of
In this paper, we propose a new planar Yagi array antenna the connecting line (Lc), a quadrature phase difference between
with CP and endfire radiation. The antenna is composed of a the two orthogonal polarizations can be achieved. Then a
vertically-polarized and a horizontally-polarized Yagi arrays, circular polarization can be obtained.
with a common driven element. It has a simple planar structure Although the working principle of the driven element is
with single feed, and generates a high gain of about 8 dBic with similar to the combined radiator in [14], the structure of the
CP radiation. Besides, the designed antenna has a wide combined radiator needs to be reshaped from that in [14], in
impedance bandwidth of 13.09% and a wide AR bandwidth of order to have a compact structure of the complementary Yagi
10.1%, with a very low profile of 0.05λ0. arrays. In the combined driven radiator used here, the open
edge of the three-edge-shorted patch is not inclined but
perpendicular to the x-axis. Besides, the electric dipole is
II. WORKING PRINCIPLE reshaped and has its size greatly reduced. With the reshaped
The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 1(a). radiator, the vertically-polarized directors can then be
The antenna is built on a substrate with a relative permittivity of compactly placed nearby the driven element.
εr = 2.2 and a thickness of h = 3.0 mm. It is fed by a 50 Ω
coaxial probe.
The proposed antenna can be considered as a compact
combination of two Yagi arrays with a common driven element:
a horizontally-polarized Yagi array and a vertically-polarized
Yagi array.
Fig. 2 shows the surface electric current distribution for the
horizontally-polarized Yagi array. In the horizontally-polarized
Yagi array, the horizontal strip dipole (DH) in front of the
common driven element serves as a director [28], while the part
of the three-edge-shorted patch in the common driven element
(D) serves as a reflector.
Fig. 3 shows the electric field distribution for the
vertically-polarized Yagi array. In the vertically-polarized Yagi Fig. 2. Surface electric current distribution simulated from HFSS for the
horizontally-polarized Yagi array.  
array, the three-edge-shorted patch (R) behind the common
driven element (D) serves as a reflector, while the patches (DV)
in front of the driven element serve as directors. The
three-edge-shorted patch in the reflector can be considered as a
virtual magnetic dipole [24] that generates vertical polarization.
The spacing (dr) and size (Wr) of the reflector have a significant
effect on the front-to-back (F/B) ratio [24]. The distance
between the driven element and the reflector (dr + Wp) is near
optimum at λ0/4 [24], [30]. Here, the distance also has an effect
on the AR due to the vertically-polarized field partly generated
by the reflector. The directors are composed of four parallel
patches, which can be considered as conventional rectangular
patch antennas. In order to prevent the patch antennas from
generating horizontal polarization, slits with width of dm are
adopted to cut the patches. The bandwidth of the proposed Fig. 3. Electric field distribution simulated from HFSS for the
vertically-polarized Yagi array.
antenna is mainly limited by the vertically-polarized Yagi array,
since a horizontally-polarized Yagi array usually has a very
wide bandwidth [28]. In order to broaden the bandwidth of the
antenna, the patches (DV) must be placed closer to the driven III. SIMULATION
element to have a stronger coupling between them. Since the combined driven element is greatly reshaped from
The common driven element (D) is a combined radiator, with the radiator in [14], the combined radiator here needs further
a working principle similar to that in [14]. In the combined studying. In the first subsection, the radiators are briefly studied
radiator, the strip dipole connected to the three-edge-shorted with the help of ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator
patch works as an electric dipole that contributes horizontal (HFSS).
polarization (Fig. 2), while the aperture of the three-edge- The horizontally-polarized Yagi array, is easy to design and
shorted patch can be equivalently considered as a magnetic

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  3

TABLE I 0 6
Lp = 67.4 mm Lp = 67.4 mm
PARAMETERS FOR THE PROPOSED ANTENNA IN FIG.1 5
-5 Lp = 68.4 mm Lp = 68.4 mm
Lp = 69.4 mm 4 Lp = 69.4 mm
Symbol Value Symbol Value Symbol Value

|S11| (dB)
-10

AR (dB)
3
Lp (mm) 68.4 dr (mm) 2.4 s0 (mm) 2 -15
2
Wp (mm) 11.6 Ls (mm) 19 s1 (mm) 1 -20
1
Lc (mm) 14 Ws (mm) 1.5 d (mm) 0.8
-25 0
4.6 4.8 5 5.2 4.6 4.8 5 5.2
Wc (mm) 1.4 Lm (mm) 19 g (mm) 1.2 Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

Ld (mm) 16.7 Wm (mm) 4.5 b (mm) 1.8 (a) (b)

0 10
Wd (mm) 1.4 ds (mm) 12 Ld = 15.7 mm Ld = 15.7 mm
-5 Ld = 16.7 mm
Wr (mm) 10.4 dm (mm) 1 8 Ld = 16.7 mm
Ld = 17.7 mm Ld = 17.7 mm
-10

|S11| (dB)
6
has been well researched [27]-[29]. Thus, this part of the

AR (dB)
-15
antenna is not studied here. -20
4

The Yagi array for generating vertical polarization, on the 2

-25
other hand, plays a crucial role in the bandwidth, especially the
vertically-polarized directors. Therefore, the vertically- -30
4.6 4.8 5 5.2
0
4.6 4.8 5 5.2
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
polarized directors with different shapes (in Fig. 5) are studied (c) (d)
in the second subsection (the other parts of the antenna are kept 10 150

unchanged). Lc = 13 mm 140 Lc = 13 mm
8 Lc = 14 mm 130 Lc = 14 mm

Angle(E -E ) (deg)
A. Driven Element 6
Lc = 15 mm 120 Lc = 15 mm
AR (dB)

110


Fig. 4(a) and (b) show the effects of the patch length of Lp on


100
4
the reflection coefficient and AR of the driven element, 90

respectively. It is seen that the reflection coefficient decreases 2 80

70
with the increase of the patch length of Lp, due to the 0 60
4.6 4.8 5 5.2 4.6 4.8 5 5.2
enlargement of the radiation aperture. However, the 3-dB AR Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

bandwidth becomes narrower with the increase of Lp, since the (e) (f)
Fig. 4. Simulated results from HFSS for the driven element. (a) Reflection
magnitude of the vertical polarization increases and exceeds coefficients vs. Lp. (b) AR vs. Lp. (c) Reflection coefficients vs. Ld. (d) AR vs.
that of the horizontal polarization. In this case, an optimized Ld. (e) AR vs. Lc. (f) Phase difference between the far field components Eφ and
value of Lp = 68.4 mm is adopted, to simultaneously satisfy the Eθ vs. Lc.
10-dB return loss and 3-dB AR bandwidths.
Fig. 4(c) and (d) show the reflection coefficient and AR antenna without vertically-polarized director [Fig. 5(a)] has
against the length (Ld) of the strip dipole. With the increase of narrow bandwidths in the impedance and AR. In the antenna
Ld, the lower resonant frequency of the antenna is decreased. without vertically-polarized director, the magnitude of the far
[The lower resonant frequency of the Yagi array is dominated field Eφ is larger than the magnitude of Eθ, as shown in Fig. 6(c)
by the driven element, while the higher resonant frequency is and (d).
related to director elements (the vertically-polarized patch When the patch antennas without slit are introduced as
radiators).] At the same time, the AR is also sensitive to Ld, directors [Fig. 5(b)], the impedance bandwidth can be
because the magnitude of the horizontal polarization is improved due to the coupling between the directors and the
increased and the phase is varied with the increase of Ld. Here, driven element, as shown in Fig. 6(a). In Fig. 5(b), it is seen that
an optimized value of Ld = 16.7 mm is used to have a low the current on the director patches has a strong coupling effect
reflection coefficient and a good AR simultaneously for the from the driven element. However, the AR bandwidth is still
combined radiator. narrow, because a current in the y direction may be excited. As
In Fig. 4(e), it is seen that the AR is affected by the length of a result, the horizontal polarization (Eφ) is disturbed [Fig. 6(c)],
the connecting line (Lc), because the phase difference between and the phase difference between the vertical and horizontal
the vertical and horizontal polarizations can be controlled by polarizations does not remain about 90°.
the connecting line. In Fig. 4(f), it is seen that the phase To eliminate the effect of the y-directed current in the patch
difference decreases with the increase of the length of the line. directors, a set of slits are introduced to cut the patches, as
The antenna can obtain a nearly quadrature phase difference shown in Fig. 5(c) and (d). It is seen from Fig. 6(a) and (b) that
with Lc = 14 mm. the impedance and AR bandwidths can be greatly improved,
with the adoption of two slits for each patch director. However,
with more slits used to cut the patches, the vertically-polarized
B. Vertically-Polarized Directors field may be weakened at higher resonant frequency, which
Fig. 5 shows the current distributions for the antennas with results in a slight decrease of the AR bandwidth. In the
different shapes of vertically-polarized directors. Fig. 6 plots proposed design, an optimized number of two is used for the
simulated results for the antennas. In Fig. 6, it is found that the slits for each patch director.

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  4

element, the simulated results of the single drive element are

also shown. It is seen that the bandwidth of the presented Yagi
array antenna is much larger than that of the driven element.
Fig. 9 shows the measured and simulated results for the AR
of the antenna. The measured 3-dB AR bandwidth is 0.52 GHz,
(from 4.69 GHz to 5.21 GHz, 10.51% in fraction,) which is
close to and covered by the impedance bandwidth. It is also
(a) (b) (c) (d)
seen from Fig. 9 that the AR bandwidth of the Yagi array
Fig. 5. Current distributions for different structures of vertically-polarized
directors. (a) Without director. (b) Patch director without slit. (c) Patch antenna is much wider than that of the single driven element.
director with two slits. (d) Patch director with four slits. Fig. 10 shows the realized gains of the proposed antenna and
the single driven element. (The realized gains account for the
10
reflection coefficients.) It is seen that the Yagi array antenna
0
without director
patch director
has a gain about 3 dB higher than the single driven element,
-10 8 with two slits
with four slits
although the reshaped driven element has a gain much higher
than that in [14]. The measured result for the gain of the Yagi
|S11| (dB)

-20 6
AR (dB)

-30 4
array is a little (about 1 dB) lower than the simulated result,
without director
patch director
probably because of the insertion loss caused by the SMA and
-40 2
with two slits
with four slits
measurement errors. At about 5 GHz (between two resonant
-50
4.6 4.8 5 5.2
0
4.6 4.8 5 5.2 frequencies), a slight decrease (about 0.5 dB) in the realized
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
gain is observed due to the relative increased reflection
(a) (b)
10 10
coefficient (Fig. 8). In the working band from 4.69 GHz to 5.21
without director
patch director
GHz, the antenna has a high gain of about 8 dBic.
8 8 with two slits
with four slits
6 6
E (dB)

E (dB)


4 4
without director
patch director
2 with two slits 2
with four slits
0 0
4.6 4.8 5 5.2 4.6 4.8 5 5.2
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
(c) (d)
10 120

9 100
Angle(E -E ) (deg)

8 80
ELH (dB)

7 60


6 without director 40 without director (a) (b)

patch director patch director  
5 with two slits 20 with two slits
with four slits with four slits
Fig. 7. Photographs of the fabricated antenna. (a) Top view. (b) Bottom view.
4 0
4.6 4.8 5 5.2 4.6 4.8 5 5.2
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
(e) (f)

Fig. 6. Simulated results from HFSS for the proposed antenna with different 0
vertically-polarized directors. (a) Reflection coefficients. (b) AR. (c) Far field
Eφ. (d) Far field Eθ. (e) Left-hand CP far field ELH. (f) Phase difference Yagi Array (Mea.)
between Eφ and Eθ. The different directors are shown in Fig. 5. -5 Yagi Array (HFSS)
Drive Element (HFSS)
 
   -10
|S11| (dB)

IV. EXPERIMENTS -15

A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, as shown

-20
in Fig. 7. The geometry is shown in Fig. 1 and the parameters
are given in TABLE I.
-25
Fig. 8 shows the reflection coefficients of the designed
antenna. The measured result is close to the simulated result,
-30
although a small shift of frequency is observed due to the 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3
fabrication errors. The measured result shows that the −10-dB Frequency (GHz)

reflection coefficients bandwidth is 0.64 GHz (from 4.57 GHz Fig. 8. Reflection coefficients for the proposed antenna.
to 5.21 GHz, 13.09% in fraction). In order to compare the
performances of the Yagi array antenna with the only driven

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  5

90o() 0o()
6 120o 60o -30o 30o
Yagi Array (Mea.) 0 dB 0 dB
Yagi Array (HFSS) 150o -10 dB 30o -60o -10 dB 60o
5 Drive Element (HFSS) -20 dB -20 dB
-30 dB -30 dB
180o 0o -90o 90o
4
AR (dB)

210o 330o -120o 120o

3 LH (Mea.) LH (Mea.)
RH (Mea.)o RH (Mea.)
240 300o -150o 150o
LH (HFSS) 270o LH (HFSS) 180o
RH (HFSS) RH (HFSS)
2
(a) (b)
Fig. 11. Radiation patterns for the proposed antenna at 4.8 GHz. (a) xy plane.
1
(b) xz plane.

0 90o() 0o()
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 120o 60o -30o 30o
Frequency (GHz) 0 dB
0 dB
Fig. 9. Axial ratios for the proposed antenna. 150o -10 dB 30o -60o -10 dB 60o
-20 dB -20 dB
-30 dB -30 dB
10
180o 0o -90o 90o

9
210o 330o -120o 120o
LH (Mea.) LH (Mea.)
RealizedGain (dBic)

8 240o
RH (Mea.) 300o -150o
RH (Mea.) 150o
LH (HFSS) 270o LH (HFSS) 180o
RH (HFSS) RH (HFSS)
7 (a) (b)
Fig. 12. Radiation patterns for the proposed antenna at 5.0 GHz. (a) xy plane.
(b) xz plane.
6

5 Yagi Array (Mea.)

Yagi Array (HFSS)
Drive Element (HFSS) V. COMPARISONS
4
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 TABLE II shows the comparisons of the presented antenna
Frequency (GHz)
with published antennas [2], [13]-[15], [17], [19], [24], [26],
Fig. 10. Realized gains for the proposed antenna.
[28]. Compared to the single microstrip patch CP antenna in [2]
and the combined CP antennas in [13]-[15], our presented
The measured and simulated radiation patterns at 4.8 GHz antenna has a much wider bandwidth and much higher gain.
and 5.0 GHz are shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, respectively. It is Compared with the planar helical antenna [17], the presented
seen that the proposed antenna can produce a main beam with design allows a lower profile. Compared with published planar
CP radiation in the endfire (the x-axis) direction. In this design, Yagi array with linear polarization [24], [26], [28], the
the antenna has a front-to-back ratio (F/B) of about 10 dB in the presented complementary Yagi array antenna generates circular
entire operation band from 4.57 GHz to 5.21 GHz. It is possible polarization with close wide bandwidth and high gain. Besides,
to make a design with a higher F/B ratio but in a much smaller the presented CP antenna is single feed and does not need
band. Here, we make a compromise that the presented design additional network, while the published CP Yagi array of
has a medium high F/B ratio in the wide band of interest. microstrip antenna [19] requires a network with a phase

TABLE II
COMPARISON OF SEVERAL PLANAR UNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS
Impedance AR
Gain
Planar antennas Height bandwidth bandwidth Beam direction Excitation Polarization
(dBi)
(|S11| < −10 dB) (AR < 3 dB)
Microstrip antenna with a cross slot [2] 0.016λ0 3.4% About 1% 6.0 Broadside Single-feed Circular
Combined magnetic dipoles [13] 0.04λ0 2.4% 9.24% 2.6 Endfire Single-feed Circular
Complementary dipoles [14] 0.04λ0 1.9% 14.48% 2.3 Endfire Single-feed Circular
Reactance compensation dipoles [15] 0.04λ0 22.23% 8% 1.5 Endfire Single-feed Circular
Planar helical Antenna [17] 0.11λ0 54% 34% 8.0 Endfire Single-feed Circular
Microstrip Yagi array antenna [19] 0.03λ0 − − 8.0 ~40° elevation Dual-feed Circular
Microstrip magnetic dipole Yagi array [24] 0.03λ0 11.01% − 11 Endfire Single-feed Vertical
Microstrip annular sector director array [26] 0.03λ0 13.6% − 8.0 Endfire Single-feed Vertical
Printed strip Yagi array [28] 0.002λ0 48% − 3-5 Endfire Single-feed Horizontal
Complementary Yagi arrays (Ours) 0.05λ0 13.09% 10.51% 8.0 Endfire Single-feed Circular

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2647688, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  6

difference of about 115° (the phase different varies with the [17] Z. Chen and Z. Shen, “Planar helical antenna of circular polarization,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 4315–4323, 2015.
radiation angle) for generating circular polarization. [18] H. Yagi, “Beam transmission of the ultra short waves,” Proc. IRE, vol. 16,
pp. 715–741, June. 1928.
[19] J. Huang, “Planar microstrip Yagi array antenna,” IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Society Int. Symp., Jun. 1989, vol. 2, pp. 894–897.
VI. CONCLUSION [20] J. Huang and A. Densmore, “Microstrip Yagi antenna for mobile satellite
A planar complementary Yagi array antenna with broadband vehicle application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 39, no. 7, pp.
1024–1030, Jul. 1991.
and high gain has been proposed for circular polarization. The
[21] G. R. DeJean and M. M. Tentzeris, “A new high-gain microstrip Yagi
antenna compactly combines a horizontally-polarized Yagi array antenna with a high front-to-back (F/B) ratio for WLAN and
array and a vertically-polarized Yagi array, with a common millimeter-wave applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55,
driven element. The antenna has a planar structure with a pp. 298–304, Feb. 2007.
[22] G. R. DeJean, T. T. Thai, S. Nikolaou, and M. M. Tentzeris, “Design and
profile of 0.05λ0, and needs only a single-feed excitation for the analysis of microstrip bi-Yagi and quad-Yagi antenna arrays for WLAN
driven element. Measured results show that this antenna has applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 244-248,
wide impedance and AR bandwidths of 13.09% and 10.51%, 2007.
[23] T. T. Thai, G. R. DeJean, and M. M. Tentzeris, “Design and development
and has a high gain of about 8 dBic. of a novel compact soft-surface structure for the front-to-back ratio
improvement and size reduction of a microstrip Yagi array antenna,”
IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 369-373, 2008.
[24] J. Liu and Q. Xue, “Microstrip magnetic dipole Yagi array antenna with
REFERENCES endfire radiation and vertical polarization,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
[1] P. C. Sharma and K. Gupta, “Analysis and optimized design of single feed Propagat., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1140–1147, 2013.
circularly polarized microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas [25] J. Liu, Q. Xue, Y. Long, “4-Element Yagi array of microstrip
Propaga., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 949–955, 1983. quarter-wave patch antennas,” 2013 IEEE International Wireless
[2] H. Iwasaki, “A circularly polarized small-size microstrip antenna with a Symposium (IWS), 2013.
cross slot,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 44, no. 10, pp. [26] Z. Liang, J. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Long, “A novel microstrip quasi yagi array
1399–1401, 1996. antenna with annular sector directors,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
[3] B. C. Park and J. H. Lee, “Omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 4524-4529, Oct. 2015.
utilizing zeroth-order resonance of epsilon negative transmission line,” [27] W. R. Deal, N. Kaneda, J. Sor, Y. Qian, and Itoh, T. “A new quasi-Yagi
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 2717-2721, July 2011. antenna for planar active antenna arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave
[4] B. C. Park and J. H. Lee, “Dual-band omnidirectional circularly polarized Theory Tech., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 910 - 918, Jun. 2000.
antenna using zeroth- and first-order modes", IEEE Antennas Wirel. [28] N. Kaneda, W. R. Deal, Y. Qian, R. Waterhouse, and T. Itoh, “A
Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 407-410, 2012. broad-band planar quasi-Yagi antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
[5] B. Li, S.-W. Liao, and Q. Xue, “Omnidirectional circularly polarized vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1158-1160, Aug. 2002.
antenna combining monopole and loop radiators,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. [29] P. R. Grajek, B. Schoenlinner, and G. M. Rebeiz, “A 24 GHz high-gain
Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 607-610, 2013. Yagi antenna array,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no. 5, pp.
[6] Y. M. Pan, S. Y. Zheng, and B. J. Hu, “Wideband and low-profile 1257–1261, May 2004.
omnidirectional circularly polarized patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. [30] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ,
Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 4347-4351, Aug. 2014. USA: Wiley, 2005.
[7] D. Yu, S.-X. Gong, Y.-T. Wan, Y.-L. Yao, Y.-X. Xu, and F.-W. Wang,
“Wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized patch antenna based on
vortex slots and shorting vias,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62,
no. 8, pp. 3970-3977, Aug. 2014.
[8] D. Yu, S.-X. Gong, Y.-T. Wan, and W.-F. Chen, “Omnidirectional
dual-band dual circularly polarized microstrip antenna using TM01 and
TM02 modes,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp.
1104-1107, 2014.
[9] C. Deng, P. Li, and W. Cao, “Low-profile patch antennas with vertical
monopole-like radiation patterns based on modified capacitive coupling
structures,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1354-1357,
2012.
[10] S.-S. Qi, W. Wu, and D.-G. Fang, “Singly-fed circularly polarized
circular aperture antenna with conical beam,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag., vol. 61, no. 6, pp.3345-3349, June 2013.
[11] Y. Shi and J. Liu, “Wideband and low-profile omnidirectional
circularly-polarized antenna with slits and shorting-vias,” IEEE Antennas
Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 686-689, 2016.
[12] J. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Liang, and Y. Long, “A planar quasi-magnetic–electric
circularly polarized antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propaga., vol. 64,
no. 6, pp. 2108 - 2114, June 2016.
[13] W. Lu, J. Shi, K. Tong, and H. Zhu, “Planar endfire circularly polarized
antenna using combined magnetic dipoles,” IEEE Antennas Wirel.
Propag. Lett., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1263–1266, 2015.
[14] W.-H. Zhang, W.-J. Lu, and K.-W. Tam, “A planar endfire circularly
polarized complementary antenna with beam in parallel with its plane,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 1146–1152, 2016.
[15] M. You, W.-J. Lu, B. Xue, L. Zhu, and H.-B. Zhu, “A novel planar endfire
circularly polarized antenna with wide axial-ratio beamwidth and wide
impedance bandwidth,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 10,
pp. 4554–4559, 2016.
[16] H.-W. Lai and H. W, “Substrate integrated magneto-electric dipole
antenna for 5G Wi-Fi,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 2, pp.
870-874, 2016.

0018-926X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.