Aerodynamics PDF

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAVI-590018
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

S.E.A.C.E.T, BANGALORE-560049
Technical-Seminar on
AERODYNAMICS
Under the guidance of, Presented by,

Prof. Vijay Kumar Hari Shankar V (1SP16ME025)
Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Mechanical Engg. 8th Sem
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BENEFITS OF APPLICATION
3. FORCES OF FLIGHT
4. DRAG & DRAG COEFFICIENT
5. STREAMLINING
1. INTRODUCTION
➢ Aerodynamics is a branch of Dynamics that deals with
the motion of air and other gaseous fluids and with
the forces acting on bodies in motion, relative to such
fluids.
➢ Sir George Cayley is known as the Father of Airplane

and Aerodynamics.
➢ In 1799, George Cayley developed the
concept and came up with a design for
what is considered the first modern
airplane.
➢ Identified the four aerodynamic forces of

flight. i.e., Lift, Thrust, Weight and Drag.
2. BENEFITS OF APPLICATION
Due to the Aerodynamic shape of the vehicle
body design, the drag force is reduced
which allows for:
➢Reduced fuel consumption.
➢Increased Top-Speed of the Vehicle .
Also, due to more curvy shapes, the

disturbance caused is greatly reduced which
allows for:
➢ More Favourable Comfort Characteristics
➢ Reduced Aerodynamic Noise
3. FORCES OF FLIGHT
➢An aircraft design affects how an airplane performs in the air. The four forces of
flight are.
i. LIFT LIFT
ii. THRUST
THRUST DRAG
iii. DRAG
WEIGHT
iv. WEIGHT
i. LIFT:-
➢The lift force or lift is the sum of all the
forces on a body that force it to move
perpendicular to the direction of flow.
➢It is generated due to the pressure
difference in the airfoil shape of the wing.
This is known as the Bernoulli’s principle.
ii. THRUST:-
➢The lift force or lift is the sum of all the
forces on a body that force it to move
perpendicular to the direction of flow.
➢It is generated due to the pressure
difference in the airfoil shape of the
wing . This is known as the Bernoulli’s
principle.
iii. WEIGHT:-
➢Weight is the force of Gravity. It acts in a
downward direction opposite to lift and
towards the center of the earth.
➢The lift generated by the wings must be
equal to or greater than the gross weight
of the aircraft.
iv. DRAG:-
➢Drag force is the resistance force caused
by the motion of a body through a fluid.
It acts opposite to the thrust force.
➢The thrust generated by the aircraft must
be equal to or greater than the drag.
4. DRAG & DRAG COEFFICIENT
➢ As we discussed earlier, It is the force that you need
to overcome as you move through the air at a
certain velocity.
➢ For example, you will feel this drag when you ride a
bike. Because even at speeds as low as 20 Km/hr,
the force that you need to overcome to push the air
away already accounts for more than half of the
push that you need to deliver. CHETAK
➢ Another example is a speed skier. Here

we can understand the two components
of drag.
➢ There is Pressure Drag which accounts
for the generation of Frontal pressure as
well as rear wake.
➢ And then there is Friction drag. Caused
ALH-DHRUV by sliding air across the surface.
DRAG COEFFICIENT :-
➢ Drag coefficient is used to calculate Hydro-
Dynamic Force in water or Aerodynamic Force
in air on an object given the density of air to
the speed and the frontal area of an object.
➢ Helps to compare dynamic efficiency of
different objects.
➢A Tear-drop shape which is quite

efficient can have a drag coefficient as
low as 0.05., whereas the building has
above 1.
➢Lower the value is, more streamlined
the design is.
➢We can also rank the designs according
to their drag coefficients.
5. STREAMLINING
➢ Streamlining, in aerodynamics is contouring of an
object, such as the body of an aircraft or a car, to
reduce its Drag, or resistance to motion through a
stream of air.
➢ The key focus of aerodynamic design is to reduce
the frontal pressure and Rear suction.
CHETAK
➢ Although Drag cannot be eliminated

completely, a streamlined vehicle body
reduces pressure accumulation in the
front, reduces the formation of wake and
finally lowers the drag.
➢ In general, more the shape resembles
the teardrop shape, lower the drag and
ALH-DHRUV higher the aerodynamic performance.
CONCLUSION
• To cope with the ever increasing fuel-economy regulations, the need for more
innovations have become more and more crucial.
• However, the amount of Capital, Time and Effort required to make any
improvements is substantially high in any field.
• Engineers and Designers realized that developing aerodynamic design was a
much more affordable way to boost the efficiency than doing engineering work
under the hood.
• Also, with the rise of Computer in Modelling and CFD, has made it easy for
designers and manufacture to make the process faster.
• And hence we can agree that the influence of Aerodynamics is not going to
change anytime soon.
THANK YOU

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of, Presented by,

4. DRAG & DRAG COEFFICIENT

➢ Sir George Cayley is known as the Father of Airplane

➢ Identified the four aerodynamic forces of

Also, due to more curvy shapes, the

➢ Another example is a speed skier. Here

➢A Tear-drop shape which is quite

➢ Although Drag cannot be eliminated

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