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Ordcirclesoln1998 PDF

(1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

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77 views3 pages

Ordcirclesoln1998 PDF

(1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

Uploaded by

Graham Moore
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE CIRCLE (Q 3, PAPER 2)

1998
3 (a) A circle C, with centre (0, 0), passes through the point (4, − 3).
(i) Find the length of the radius of C.

(ii) Show, by calculation, that the point (6, − 1) lies outside C.

(b) The equation of the circle K is ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 29.


(i) Write down the radius length and the coordinates of the centre of K.

(ii) Find the coordinates of the two points where K intersects the x-axis.

(c) The line with equation 3 x − y + 10 = 0 is a tangent to the circle which has
equation x 2 + y 2 = 10.
(i) Find the coordinates of a, the point at which the line touches the circle.

(ii) The origin is the midpoint of [ab].


Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at b.
SOLUTION
3 (a) (i)
d = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 ....... 1 b(x2, y2)
d
The distance between a and b is written as ab .
REMEMBER THE DISTANCE FORMULA AS: a(x1, y1)

d = (Difference in x′s ) 2 + (Difference in y ′s ) 2

(0, 0) (4, − 3) r = (4 − 0) 2 + (−3 − 0) 2 (4, -3)


C r
↓↓ ↓ ↓
x1 y1 x2 y2 ⇒ r = (4) 2 + (−3) 2 = 16 + 9 (0, 0)
∴ r = 25 = 5

3 (a) (ii)
You can show that the distance d from the centre (0, 0) to (6, − 1) is greater than the radius.

(0, 0) (6, − 1) d = (6 − 0) 2 + (−1 − 0) 2


↓↓ ↓ ↓
x1 y1 x2 y2 ⇒ d = (6) 2 + (−1) 2 = 36 + 1
∴ d = 37
d > r as 37 > 25.
3 (b) (i)
Circle C with centre (h, k), radius r.
( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r 2 ....... 2
To get the centre: Change the sign of the number inside each bracket.
To get the radius: Take the square root of the number on the right.

K : ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 29
Centre (3, − 2), r = 29
3 (b) (ii) TO FIND OUT WHERE THE CIRCLE, C, CROSSES THE x-AXIS:
Set y = 0 in the circle equation.
TO FIND OUT WHERE THE CIRCLE, C, CROSSES THE y-AXIS:
Set x = 0 in the circle equation.

y = 0 ⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + (0 + 2) 2 = 29
⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + (2) 2 = 29
⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + 4 = 29
⇒ ( x − 3) 2 = 25
⇒ ( x − 3) = ±5
∴ x = −2, 8
∴ (−2, 0), (8, 0) are the x-intercepts.

3 (c) (i) FINDING THE POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN A TANGENT AND A CIRCLE:
STEPS
1. Isolate x or y using equation of the line.
2. Substitute into the equation of the circle and solve the resulting
quadratic.

PROOF THAT A LINE IS A TANGENT TO A CIRCLE: When you solve the


quadratic only one answer is obtained, i.e. one point of contact.

1. 3 x − y + 10 = 0 ⇒ y = (3 x + 10)
2. x 2 + y 2 = 10
⇒ x 2 + (3 x + 10) 2 = 10
100 = 10
⇒ x 2 + 9 x 2 + 60 x +1
⇒ 10 x 2 + 60 x + 90 = 0
⇒ x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
⇒ ( x + 3)( x + 3) = 0
∴ x = −3 ⇒ y = 3(−3) + 10 = −9 + 10 = 1
∴ a(−3, 1) is the point of contact.
3 (c) (ii)

FINDING A PARALLEL TANGENT TO A CIRCLE:


A tangent to a circle, T1, has a parallel tangent, T2,
o
on the other side of the circle. The centre, o, is q p
the midpoint of their points of contact, p and q.
The slopes of the two tangents are the same.
T2 C T1

To find the point of contact of the parallel tangent, find


the image of (−3, 1) by a central symmetry through the
centre (0, 0).
+3
(0, 0)
-1 b(3, -1) a(-3, 1)
a(-3, 1) (0, 0) b(3, -1)
+3

-1
a (−3, 1) → (0, 0) → b(3, − 1)

Find the slope of the tangent with equation 3 x − y + 10 = 0.

GENERAL FORM OF A STRAIGHT LINE


Every straight line can be written in the form: ax + by + c = 0.
You can read off the slope of a straight line from its equation.

Slope: m = − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ....... 5
a
⎝b⎠

⎛ Number in front of x ⎞
REMEMBER IT AS: Slope m = − ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Number in front of y ⎠

Therefore, the slope of the tangent: m = + 13 = 3

Parallel lines have the same slope.

Equation of parallel tangent: Point ( x1 , y1 ) = b(3, − 1), m = 3

The equation of a line is a formula satisfied by every point (x, y) on the line.

Equation of a line: y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) ....... 4

y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
⇒ y − (−1) = 3( x − 3)
⇒ y + 1 = 3x − 9
∴ 3 x − y − 10 = 0

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