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Swarm Intelligence: Principle #1: Awareness

Swarm intelligence deals with natural and artificial systems composed of autonomous agents that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization. It emerges from the collective behavior of groups of simple agents. Particle swarm optimization is a technique for crowd control that simulates crowd motion based on the analogy of a swarm. It models each person as a particle that seeks the best solution to reach its destination while avoiding collisions with obstacles and other pedestrians. PSO helps automatically generate paths for virtual humans to move from one position to another target location.

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31 views2 pages

Swarm Intelligence: Principle #1: Awareness

Swarm intelligence deals with natural and artificial systems composed of autonomous agents that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization. It emerges from the collective behavior of groups of simple agents. Particle swarm optimization is a technique for crowd control that simulates crowd motion based on the analogy of a swarm. It models each person as a particle that seeks the best solution to reach its destination while avoiding collisions with obstacles and other pedestrians. PSO helps automatically generate paths for virtual humans to move from one position to another target location.

Uploaded by

Kabir Thapar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Parth Mansinghka

Class MBA TECH CS H B4

Roll Number: N246

SAP ID: 70471117057

SWARM INTELLIGENCE
Swarm intelligence is the discipline that deals with natural and artificial systems composed of many
individuals that coordinate using decentralized control and self-organization.

Swarm intelligence is the emergent collective intelligence of groups of simple autonomous agents. Here,
an autonomous agent is a subsystem that interacts with its environment, which probably consists of
other agents, but acts relatively independently from all other agents. The autonomous agent does not
follow commands from a leader, or some global plan.

Swarm intelligence has a marked multidisciplinary character since systems with the above mentioned
characteristics can be observed in a variety of domains.

5 Principles of Swarm Intelligence


Principle #1: Awareness

Each member must be aware of its surroundings and abilities.

Principle #2: Autonomy

Each member must operate as an autonomous master (not as a slave;) this is essential to self-coordinate
allocation of labor.

Principle #3: Solidarity

Each member must cooperate in solidarity: when a task is completed, each member should
autonomously look for a new task (leveraging its current position.)

Principle #4: Expandability

The system must permit expansion where members are dynamically aggregated.

Principle #5: Resiliency

The system must be self-healing: when members are removed, the remaining members should
undertake the unfinished tasks.
CROWD CONTROL
Crowd control focuses on creating a realistic smooth and flexible motion for virtual human beings by
utilizing the computational facilities provided in Particle swarm optimization (PSO).

In particular, this is a uniform conceptual model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to simulate
the motion of all persons in a crowd according to the analogy between a swarm and a crowd. A person
can be considered as a particle, which would like to find a way to reach the best solution.

Although PSO does possess some characteristics of the crowd behavior, it is still incompatible with the
use for crowd control. Firstly, the particle in PSO is absolutely free to fly through everywhere in the
given multidimensional space. However, the environment for a crowd may have obstacles, and the
pedestrians in the crowd must avoid collisions, including the collision with the given obstacles and the
collision with the fellow pedestrians, where other pedestrians can be considered as dynamic obstacles.
These dynamic obstacles are not predictable and may appear and disappear in the environment at any
moment.

Steps followed by Particle swarm optimization:

Initial
Set the position and the velocity of each particle.

Evaluate
Compute the objective value by the objective function. Update PBLS Update the PBLS of each particle by
its objective value.

Update PBGS
Update the PBGS in the swarm.

Update Velocity and Position


Update the velocity and the position of each particle.

BLS: Best local solution

BGS: Best global solution

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an optimization paradigm proposed in the field of evolutionary
computation for finding the global optimum in the search space. The concept of PSO is easy to
comprehend, and the mechanism is easy to implement. The ability of PSO to reach the position of the
optimum creates the possibility to automatically generate non-deterministic paths of virtual human
beings from one specified position to another. On the other hand, if the target is the best position, the
movement of a person is a process to find a walk able path to the destination. This has a great
application in the virtual human environment based games like PUBG and COD, and can further be used
for traffic monitoring and control as well.

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