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Cervical Esophagotomy in Cattle

Cervical esophagotomy is a surgical procedure performed in cattle, buffalo, horses and dogs to treat esophageal obstructions, wounds, stenosis, neoplastic growths or diverticula. The surgery involves making an incision in the cervical esophagus, removing the obstruction, and repairing the esophageal incision in layers. Post-operatively, the animal is given intravenous nutrition and antibiotics while the esophageal wound heals.

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kushal Neupane
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397 views2 pages

Cervical Esophagotomy in Cattle

Cervical esophagotomy is a surgical procedure performed in cattle, buffalo, horses and dogs to treat esophageal obstructions, wounds, stenosis, neoplastic growths or diverticula. The surgery involves making an incision in the cervical esophagus, removing the obstruction, and repairing the esophageal incision in layers. Post-operatively, the animal is given intravenous nutrition and antibiotics while the esophageal wound heals.

Uploaded by

kushal Neupane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cervical esophagotomy in cattle/buffalo/horse and dog

Indication:

a. Esophageal obstruction, wounds of esophagus.


b. Esophageal stenosis.
c. Neoplastic growth inside the esophagus.
d. Esophageal diverticulum.

Surgical anatomy:

a. Esophagus is the connecting tube between the pharynx and the stomach. The whole length of the
esophagus can be divided into cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts in horse and dog. No
abdominal part is present in cattle.
b. It occupies almost dorsal position at its origin which passes gradually to the left side of the
trachea at the level of about 4th cervical vertebrae. From the 4th cervical vertebra to 3rd thoracic
vertebrae it occupies the left position of trachea.
c. Than from the 3rd thoracic vertebrae, it again occupies dorsal to the trachea.
d. In the thorax, it lies in the mediastinal space between the two lungs. It passes in the abdominal
cavity through hiatus esophagus in the diaphragm and terminates at the cardia of the stomach.
e. The esophagus is mainly related at its origin to the carotid artery of both sides. As it passes to the
left side of the trachea ,dorsally it is accompanied by longus colli and longus capitis muscles,
laterally left carotid artery, vagosympathetic trunk, jugular vein and laryngeal nerve. Overlying
the esophagus are skin, cervical fascia, cervical paniculus muscle and the omohyoideus muscle.
f. It s wall is composed of fibrous sheath, the tunica adventitia, the muscular coat, the submucous
and mucous coat.
g. Blood supply by carotid, brachio-esophaegeal and gastric arteries.
h. Nerve supply to the esophagus is by vagus, glosso-poharngeal and sympathetic nerves.

Site of operation:

At the level of obstruction or lesion or at the upper or lower border of jugular furrow.

Surgical technique:

1. An incision is made though the skin and subcutaneous tissue sufficiently long to permit the
extraction of the obstruction.
2. Haemorrhage is carefully controlled and omohyoideus muscle is separated from its upper and
lower structures. Areolar tissue is broken down with the help of index fingers.
3. The trachea is recognized and is taken as a guide to locate the esophagus on its lateral surface.
4. The esophagus is drawn out and fixed in position by placing blunt instrument under the
esophagus and across the wound.
5. An incision is made into the esophagus through the dorsal wall, either just anterior or posterior
to the obstruction. The length of the incision should be large enough to remove the forgein
body.
6. Esophageal incision is repaired by suturing the mucous membrane with lock-stitch sutures or
interrupted sutures in separate layers by using chromic catgut or silk sutures.
7. Then esophagus is replaced in its original place.
8. The skin wound is packed with gauze saturated with non-irritant antiseptic solution.

Note

1. If the esophagus is empty, it is recognized by passing a stomach tube in the esophagus.


2. During dissection the damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve should be prevented.

Post- operative Care:

1. Animal should not be allowed to eat solid food for a few days after the operation.
2. Intravenous feeding should be done twice daily with nutrient solutions.
3. A course of antibiotic should be given for 3-4 days.
4. Antiseptic dressing of skin wound should be done till healing is complete.

Note: suturing the esophagus and leaving the wound open is the procedure of choice. IT favours early
closure of the esophageal wound and prevents the escape of alimentary matter during swallowing. It
also permits drainage of any material that may find its way out between the stitches.

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