Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    Federal Communications Commission: Office of Engineering and Technology

    Uploaded by

    drphrao
    This document from the FCC provides guidance on measuring emissions from MIMO systems using cross-polarized antennas. It states that for conducted measurements, the power levels from the two outputs should be summed. For radiated measurements, emissions are measured for both horizontal and vertical polarizations and results are handled differently depending on whether the rule specifies conducted or radiated limits. Specifically: 1) For rules with conducted limits, radiated results are converted to transmit power and summed across polarizations. 2) For rules with radiated limits like EIRP, the maximum emission observed by a measurement antenna applies, depending on the correlation of the signals. 3) For correlated signals, the sum of EIRPs from

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Federal Communications Commission: Office of Engineering and Technology

    Uploaded by

    drphrao
    21 views3 pages
    This document from the FCC provides guidance on measuring emissions from MIMO systems using cross-polarized antennas. It states that for conducted measurements, the power levels from the two outputs should be summed. For radiated measurements, emissions are measured for both horizontal and vertical polarizations and results are handled differently depending on whether the rule specifies conducted or radiated limits. Specifically: 1) For rules with conducted limits, radiated results are converted to transmit power and summed across polarizations. 2) For rules with radiated limits like EIRP, the maximum emission observed by a measurement antenna applies, depending on the correlation of the signals. 3) For correlated signals, the sum of EIRPs from

    Original Title

    FCC-EIRP

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document from the FCC provides guidance on measuring emissions from MIMO systems using cross-polarized antennas. It states that for conducted measurements, the power levels from the two outputs should be summed. For radiated measurements, emissions are measured for both horizontal and vertical polarizations and results are handled differently depending on whether the rule specifies conducted or radiated limits. Specifically: 1) For rules with conducted limits, radiated results are converted to transmit power and summed across polarizations. 2) For rules with radiated limits like EIRP, the maximum emission observed by a measurement antenna applies, depending on the correlation of the signals. 3) For correlated signals, the sum of EIRPs from

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Federal Communications Commission: Office of Engineering and Technology

    Uploaded by

    drphrao
    This document from the FCC provides guidance on measuring emissions from MIMO systems using cross-polarized antennas. It states that for conducted measurements, the power levels from the two outputs should be summed. For radiated measurements, emissions are measured for both horizontal and vertical polarizations and results are handled differently depending on whether the rule specifies conducted or radiated limits. Specifically: 1) For rules with conducted limits, radiated results are converted to transmit power and summed across polarizations. 2) For rules with radiated limits like EIRP, the maximum emission observed by a measurement antenna applies, depending on the correlation of the signals. 3) For correlated signals, the sum of EIRPs from

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    10/25/2011

    Federal Communications Commission


    Office of Engineering and Technology
    Laboratory Division

    MIMO with Cross-Polarized Antenna

    Introduction (as a question):

    For antenna-port conducted measurements on equipment with multiple outputs (e.g., MIMO),
    Attachment 662911 D01 of this publication specifies that the power levels from the outputs should be
    added. The same is also true of power spectral densities (PSDs). However, in the special case of a
    MIMO system with two outputs driving a cross-polarized pair of linearly polarized antennas, radiated
    measurements will yield a result that differs from that of conducted measurements because a linearly
    polarized measurement antenna aligned with one of the transmit antenna polarizations will see only the
    emissions from that antenna. Given that a radiated emission measurement might respond to only one
    output at a time in that case, the following guidance is provided to clarify the following questions.

    • Is it really necessary to sum the power levels from the two outputs when performing conducted
    measurements?
    • If summing of power or PSDs is required for conducted measurements, is such summing also
    required for radiated measurements?

    Response:

    Interpretation of requirements on output power, EIRP, ERP, or their spectral densities for equipment
    with two outputs driving linearly polarized antennas that are cross-polarized with respect to each other
    depends on the rule part and the correlation of the transmitted signals.

    Unless otherwise specified in the applicable rule part, we will apply the following interpretations to
    cases involving transmission from linear cross-polarized antennas:

    (1) Where an FCC rule specifies limits on antenna-port conducted power or conducted power spectral
    density (PSD), the rule applies to the total power or PSD delivered to the two antennas (i.e., the sum of
    the two powers or PSDs).

    (2) Where an FCC rule specifies limits in radiated terms such as EIRP or ERP, the limits apply to the
    maximum emission that would be observed by a linearly polarized measurement antenna. For radiated
    measurements, the maximum need be performed only over two polarizations for the receive antenna—
    horizontal and vertical.

    The implementation of these interpretations is described below.

    1 662911 D02 MIMO with Cross-Polarized Antennas v01


    10/25/2011

    Rules That Specify Conducted Limits

    Where an FCC rule specifies limits on antenna-port conducted power or conducted power spectral
    density (PSD) (e.g., Sections 15.247, 15.407, 90Y), the rule applies to the total power or PSD delivered
    to the two antennas. Compliance will usually be demonstrated by conducted measurements, but radiated
    measurements are permitted under certain circumstances, such as for devices with integral antennas and
    with no provision for antenna-port conducted measurements. Power and PSD measurements must be
    summed across the two outputs (for conducted measurements) or across the two measurement
    polarizations (for radiated measurements), as described below. This interpretation applies even when
    power limits must be reduced based on directional gain of the transmit antenna, resulting in a limit that
    is similar to an EIRP limit when antenna gain is above a threshold value.

    Where conducted measurements are used for compliance with conducted limits, the measured conducted
    output power or PSD must be summed across the outputs, as described in Attachment 662911 D01 of
    this publication.

    Where radiated measurements are used for compliance with conducted limits, the following steps are
    required to ensure that the total emission power or PSD is determined for equipment driving cross-
    polarized antennas:
    (1) Measure radiated emissions with vertical and horizontal polarizations of the measurement antenna;
    (2) Convert each radiated measurement to transmit power or PSD based on the antenna gain;
    (3) Sum the powers or PSDs across the two polarizations.

    Rules That Specify Radiated Limits

    Where an FCC rule specifies limits in radiated terms such as EIRP or ERP (e.g., Parts 27C and 90Z),
    compliance may be demonstrated by radiated measurements. In many cases, it is also permissible to
    demonstrate compliance by combining conducted power measurements with antenna gain (including
    array gain, if any). If the rules or applicable measurement procedures specify how to handle circular,
    elliptical, cross-polarization, or horizontal and vertical polarizations, follow the rule. If not, we will
    interpret EIRP or ERP limits as applying to the maximum emission that would be observed by a linearly
    polarized measurement antenna, as follows.

    Where radiated measurements are used for compliance with radiated limits, measurements are
    performed in the usual manner, and no extra steps are required.

    Where conducted measurements are used for compliance with radiated limits, the EIRP or ERP (total or
    spectral density) of each of the two transmit chains is computed separately based on measured output
    power or PSD and antenna gain. The decision of whether or how to combine the results is then made as
    follows.

    2 662911 D02 MIMO with Cross-Polarized Antennas v01


    10/25/2011

    (1) If the transmitter output signals are completely uncorrelated as defined in Attachment 662911 D01,
    of this publication, then each of the two EIRPs or ERPs (total or spectral density) must individually be
    below the limit.

    (2) If one of the transmitter outputs is a 90-degree phase-shifted replica of the other and the phase
    centers of the two antennas are co-located (as would be the case when creating a circularly polarized
    transmission using linearly polarized antennas), then the each of the two EIRPs or ERPs (total or
    spectral density) must individually be below the limit [as in (1)].

    (3) If the transmitter output signals are correlated as defined in attachment 662911 D01 of this
    publication and the conditions of (2) do not apply, then the sum of the two EIRPs or ERPs (total or
    spectral density) must be below the limit. (See Attachment 662911 D01 of this publication regarding
    summing spectral densities.)

    The explanation for case (3), above, is as follows. Suppose two transmit chains individually produce
    field strengths Ea and Eb at a point in space on the main response axis of the antennas and that the two
    signals are perfectly correlated at that point. If the antennas had the same polarizations, the field
    strengths would directly add. However, with cross-polarization the two field strengths must be
    combined as vectors with one oriented at a 90 degree angle with respect to the other. The combined
    field strength has a magnitude equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the two field
    strengths, or, equivalently, the square of the combined field strength is equal to the sum of the squares of
    the two individual field strengths. Since EIRP and ERP are proportional to the square of the field
    strength, the combined EIRP or ERP is equal to the sum of the individual EIRPs or ERPs.

    3 662911 D02 MIMO with Cross-Polarized Antennas v01

    You might also like