Labster

CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES
Simulations
Labster is a world-leading provider of
virtual lab simulations for higher education
and high schools.

The simulations are designed to let

students learn by doing in a virtual
laboratory, solving real-case problems. Quiz
questions test the students’ knowledge,
supporting an inquiry-based and deep-
learning approach. The students will train
real lab skills in a safe virtual environment
where they can safely make mistakes, and
learn at their own pace.

The most basic simulations are ideal as

a self-study activity since the students
will review essential concepts. The more
advanced simulations are designed to
support the course syllabus, reinforcing
concepts and giving the
students an innovative tool
to deepen their learning.
Chemistry Principles Simulations
Ideal for introductory and high school level courses.

Core simulations: Related simulations:

• Lab Safety • Chemistry Safety
• Atomic Structure: Bohr and quantum models • Organic Chemistry Introduction: Learn about
organic compounds
• Stoichiometric Calculations: Identify a compound
using gravimetric analysis • Ideal Gas Law
• Periodic Table (Principles): Get the table organized • Advanced Acids and Bases
in time • Nuclear Chemistry
• Ionic and Covalent Bonds • HPLC
• Solution Preparation: From salt to solution • Flow Injection Analysis
• Acids and Bases (Principles): Acidity and alkalinity • Kjeldahl Method
in everyday substances
• Organic Chemistry: Reactivity rules
• Redox Reactions
• Titration: Neutralize an acid lake contamination
• Reaction Kinetics
• Basic Chemistry Thermodynamics: Solve the
challenge of storing renewable energy
• Equilibrium
• Atomic Structure: Atoms and isotopes
• Matter and Phase Changes: Distil ethanol

Ready to learn more?

Bring the world of science into the classroom and enable students to bring learning
home with Labster’s virtual science lab content. No need for additional hardware or lab
equipment; access these labs on Chromebooks or any other laptops, and spark creativity in
students with this innovative and interactive way to explore science.

It’s a million-dollar lab, one click away.

To learn more about how you can incorporate Labster virtual labs in your teaching,
visit us at www.labster.com.
Learning objectives covered in Labster’s
Chemistry Principles simulations

Core Simulations chemical reaction

• Calculate the theoretical, actual and percent
reaction yield
Lab Safety POPULAR
• Define Avogadro’s number and describe the mole
• Use the correct clothing to work in the lab quantification of matter
• Describe the do’s and don’ts in a laboratory • TECHNIQUE: Gravimetric analysis
• Correctly use the lab safety equipment
• React in an emergency situation Periodic Table (Principles): Get the
• TECHNIQUE: Lab safety table organized in time
• Describe the structure and organization of the
Atomic Structure: Bohr and quantum periodic table
models • Classify elements of a family based on their

Most Popular
location in the periodic table
• Compare and contrast the Bohr Model and the
quantum model of the atom • Distinguish metals from other element classes
based on typical characteristics
• Describe how the electron configuration relates to
the orbitals of an atom • Use the flame color test to identify metals based
on their position in the periodic table
• Describe how the atomic emission spectra are
produced using the Bohr model to explain this • Relate valence electrons and oxidation state of a
natural phenomena main group element to its position in the periodic
table
• Discuss de Broglie’s role in the development of the
quantum model of the atom • Describe the main trends among groups and
periods for atomic properties
• Explain how the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
and the Schrodinger wave equation led to the idea • Explain the causes on the atomic level for
of atomic orbitals the main trends among groups and periods
concerning atomic radii, ionization energy and
• List the four quantum numbers and describe their
electronegativity
significance
• TECHNIQUE: Flame color test
Stoichiometric Calculations:
Identify a compound using gravimetric Ionic and Covalent Bonds
analysis
• Explain the relationship between mass, molecular • Describe the formation of ionic
weight, and numbers of atoms or molecules and and covalent bonds
perform calculations deriving these quantities • Identify anions and cations
from one another
• Apply the octet rule
• Perform mass-to-mass stoichiometric calculations
• Describe ionic lattice
via conversions to mole
structure
• Identify the limiting and excess reagents in a

Concept-focused Technique-focused
• Draw Lewis dot structures • Predict the direction of redox reactions using
• Explain the formation of single, double, and triple Activities Series
bonds
• Distinguish between ionic compounds and Titration: Neutralize an acid lake
covalent compounds contamination
• TECHNIQUE: Conductivity measurement, melting • Assemble the apparatus required for titration
point determination • Describe the function of each part of the titration
apparatus
Solution Preparation: From salt to • Explain the general steps of a colorimetric acid-
solution base titration and its uses
• Prepare an aqueous solution of a specific • Perform a titration experiment
concentration from a pure salt • Describe the role of the 3 main reagents used in a
• Correctly use an analytical balance, a volumetric titration: sample, titrant, and indicator
pipette, a volumetric flask, and a measuring • Explain what is the endpoint of a titration and the
cylinder role of the indicator
• Explain the relationship between molarity and • Explain why the use of high-precision volumetric
mass concentration material is essential for a titration
• TECHNIQUE: Correct use of analytical balance • Calculate the concentration of the titrated solution
from the results of the titration experiment
Acids and Bases (Principles): • TECHNIQUE: Acid-base titration
Acidity and alkalinity in everyday
substances Reaction Kinetics
• Understand pH Learning objectives coming soon.
• Interpret the acidity of a solution
• Define an acid and a base Basic Chemistry Thermodynamics:
• Explain how pOH and pH relate Solve the challenge of storing
• Understand how different everyday solutions have renewable energy
different pH • Define the core thermodynamics concepts of
entropy, enthalpy, and free Gibbs energy, and their
Redox Reactions units
• Describe the concept of oxidation states and • Explain the first and second laws of
explain trends in the periodic table thermodynamics
• Apply the rules for determining oxidation states • Understand and apply the
concept of reaction spontaneity
• Describe the role of the electron in reduction-
oxidation • Explain the differences between
the enthalpy of combustion, and
• Describe and give examples of common redox enthalpy of formation
reactions
• Understand the relationship
• Identify in a redox reaction which species are being between internal energy
oxidized and reduced and enthalpy
• Represent a balanced redox reaction equation for • Present Hess’s law
a given chemical phenomena using half-equations in connection with
(under both acidic and basic conditions)

Concept-focused Technique-focused
 performing enthalpy change calculations • Name the main phase changes: boiling,
• Present the concepts of exothermic and evaporation, freezing, melting, and sublimation
endothermic reactions • TECHNIQUE: Distillation
• TECHNIQUE: Calorimetry

Equilibrium
Related Simulations
• Predict the directionality of reversible reactions Chemistry Safety POPULAR
according to Le Chatelier
• Understand how to create biodiesel from algal oil
• Calculate the equilibrium constant and reaction
quotient • Identify the hazards posed by chemicals and how
to handle them
• Understand the Haber process
• React quickly and save lives in case of a fire
emergency
Atomic Structure: Atoms • Use the CAS numbers to plan your experiment
and isotopes • Understand how to dispose of halogenated and
• Explain the concept of an atom non-halogenated waste
• Explain the properties of the basic subatomic • Lookup H and P phrases in the safety data sheet
particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Safely use a chemical fume hood
• Use of the nuclear symbol notation to deduce
the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in
atoms and ions Organic Chemistry Introduction: Learn
• Define atomic number and atomic mass about organic compounds
• Define isotopes and explain how they relate to • Give examples of uses of organic compounds
naturally occurring element mass Describe how • Identify the carbon valence electrons and the
the atomic number and atomic mass apply to hybridization of their orbitals
isotopes • Predict the angles of covalent bonds of carbon
atoms in hydrocarbons
Matter and Phase Changes: Distil • Apply the nomenclature of simple hydrocarbons
ethanol • Interpret some of the important representations of
• Explain solid, liquid, and gas states in terms of hydrocarbons
particle interaction and bonding energy • Give examples of functional groups of organic
• Describe and explain the characteristics of a compounds and their reactions
phase change • TECHNIQUES: Bromine test
• Read a phase diagram and explain each region for unsaturated hydrocarbons;
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate test for
• Interpret a heating curve of a given substance
alcohols and phenols
• Explain the difference between a heating curve
and a phase diagram, and the difference between
specific heat and latent heat Ideal Gas Law
• Understand the basic steps of performing a • Explain the physical concepts of
distillation temperature and absolute zero
• Distinguish between physical and chemical • Define the relationship
properties of matter and classify changes of between pressure, volume
matter as physical or chemical and temperature in gases

Concept-focused Technique-focused
 using gas thermometry • Interpret the results from a FIA experiment
• Apply the Ideal Gas Law • Determine the concentration of an unknown
• TECHNIQUE: Gas thermometry caffein sample by using the standard curve
• TECHNIQUE: Flow Injection Analysis
Advanced Acids and Bases
• Calculate the pH of weak acids and bases Kjeldahl Method
• Illustrate the reactions of weak acids and bases • Describe the steps involved in the Kjeldahl method
• Categorize acids and bases based on their • Analyze the nitrogen content of a food sample
strength • Calculate the protein content of a sample from the
• Prepare various types of salts through determined nitrogen content
neutralization • Explain why the Kjeldahl method cannot be used to
• Review the concept of the acid dissociation identify milk powder that was cut with melamine
constant (Ka) and its logarithmic form (pKa) • Apply the principles of spiking and recovery in
• TECHNIQUE: pH measurement analytical chemistry
• Interpret basic LC-MS/MS data
Nuclear Chemistry • Describe the fundamentals of an LC-MS/MS
analysis
Learning objectives coming soon.
• Argue whether food fraud has been conducted
based on available data
HPLC
• TECHNIQUE: Kjeldahl method; LC-MS/MS
• Understand the different compartments of an chromatogram interpretation
HPLC machine and functions
• Understand the principles of HPLC separation Organic Chemistry: Reactivity rules
• Understand the lipophilic interaction between the • Explain the concept of electronegativity and how
analyte and the mobile and stationary phase the distribution of electrons across a molecule
• Understand the different changes in parameters determines its reactivity
(such as the column, mobile phase, temperature • Describe what a nucleophile, electrophile and
etc.) and its effects on analyte separation and leaving group are, and identify them
concentration measurements
• Describe an organic chemical reaction and its
• TECHNIQUE: HPLC mechanism using the correct terminology and
notations (lonepairs, curly arrows, reactants,
Flow Injection Analysis reagents, products, catalysts, intermediates,
transition states)
• Measure caffeine concentration in different
samples using the Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) • Draw reaction mechanisms
technique using the correct notations
• Describe the importance of the different parts of • Explain the differences between
the FIA machine (e.g. the spectrophotometer, the the three fundamental types of
pump, or the mixing coil) reactions: Addition, elimination
and substitution
• Describe the advantages of the FIA method
• Describe the typical
• Calculate the velocity at which a sample will be
reactivity of the main
eluted
functional groups
• Prepare sample dilutions and standard curves

Concept-focused Technique-focused