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Nchu-Che Thermodynamics I: This Question Paper Consists of 3 Questions

Q1: A power station requires 17,643 barrels of heavy oil per day to generate 600 MW of power at 40% efficiency. A heat exchanger transfers heat at a rate of 1.67 kW when the oil temperature decreases from 200 to 80°C at 0.0139 kg/s. A piston-cylinder system requires 4.1 kW of power to compress 200g of air over 2 seconds with a work input of 8.2 kJ and heat loss of 1200 J. A cup of coffee is a closed system as no mass crosses its boundaries. Q2: 47.17kg of water in a well-insulated piston-cylinder will evaporate at 248°F and 200 kPa,

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49 views3 pages

Nchu-Che Thermodynamics I: This Question Paper Consists of 3 Questions

Q1: A power station requires 17,643 barrels of heavy oil per day to generate 600 MW of power at 40% efficiency. A heat exchanger transfers heat at a rate of 1.67 kW when the oil temperature decreases from 200 to 80°C at 0.0139 kg/s. A piston-cylinder system requires 4.1 kW of power to compress 200g of air over 2 seconds with a work input of 8.2 kJ and heat loss of 1200 J. A cup of coffee is a closed system as no mass crosses its boundaries. Q2: 47.17kg of water in a well-insulated piston-cylinder will evaporate at 248°F and 200 kPa,

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Rohit Sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NCHU-ChE THERMODYNAMICS I

Q1. (a) A power station is designed to generate a power output of 600 MW. Heavy
oil with a combustion energy content of 43 MJ/kg and a specify gravity of
0.96 is used as fuel. IF 40% of the input fuel energy is converted to generate
electricity, how many barrels of fuel oil are required to operate this power
station at full capacity daily? (Note: The barrel is a unit of volume
commonly used in the oil industry and is equivalent to 164 L.) (10 marks)
(b) In a heat exchanger system, water is heated by passing it over a hot oil coil.
Oil enters the coil with an enthalpy of 200 kJ/kg and leaves the coil with an
enthalpy of 80 kJ/kg. The oil flow rate is 50 kg/h; find the rate of heat
absorption by the water. (10 marks)

(c) A piston cylinder assembly contains 200 g of air with an internal energy of
25 kJ/kg. It is compressed to a higher pressure and the final internal energy
of system is 12 kJ. During compression there is a heat loss of 1200 J.
Determine the work input needed for compression and the power of the
compressor if the process taking 2 seconds to complete. (10 marks)

(d) A cup of hot coffee will cool down to room temperature after a while.
Would you consider the cup of hot coffee as a closed system or as an open
system? Explain. (10 marks)
[Total : 40 marks]
Q2. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water start of boil at 248
F and 200 kPa. Assume the device is welled insulated, and an electrical heater is
used to transfer heat to the water until the entire water is evaporated to steam.
Determine:
(a) The mass of water in the system. (5 marks)
(b) The final volume of the system. (5 marks)
(c) The total enthalpy change from the initial and final state (5 marks)
(d) The required power of the heater, IF it takes THREE (3) min to evaporate all
the water. (5 marks)
(e) Show the whole processes (initial state and final state) on a T-v diagram
with respective to the saturation lines. (5 marks)

[Total : 25 marks]
Q3. A boiler furnace is fuelled by propane (C3H8). Determine:

(a) The stoichiometric A/F ratio on molar basis and mass basis. (15 marks)

(b) If the actual A/F ratio (in mass basis) is 25:1, how much excess air (%) is
supplied for the combustion process? (15 marks)

(c) The rate of energy input if the furnace burns 50 kg/h of the fuel and the
exhaust leaves above 100C. Explain whether Lower Heating Value (LHV)
or Higher Heating Value (HHV) shall be used in the calculation.

Given: The Lower Heating Value (LHV) is 46,340 kJ/kg and the Higher
Heating Value (HHV) is 50330 kJ/kg. (5 marks)

[Total : 35 marks]

This question paper consists of 3 questions.


Q1:
(a)
[Ans]
Input fuel energy required: 600 MW / 40% = 1500 MW = 1500 MJ/s
Heavy Oil needed: 1500 MJ/s 43 MJ/kg x 3600s/hr x 24 hr/day
= 3013953 kg/day x 0.96 kg/L
= 2893395 L x 1 barrel / 164 L
= 17643 barrel

(b)
[Ans]
Mass flow rate of oil = 50 kg/h 1 hr/3600s = 0.0139 kg/s
Heat absorption rate of water = (200  80) kJ/kg x 0.0139 kg/s
= 1.67 kJ/s = 1.67 kW

(c)
[Ans]
Total internal energy of system, U1 = m x u = 200g x 1 kg/1000g x 25 kJ/kg
= 5 kJ
U 1 + W  Q L = U2
W = 12 kJ + 1200 J x 1 kJ/1000J5 kJ
= 8.2 kJ
Power = Energy / time = 8.2 kJ/ 2s
= 4.1 kW

(d)
[Ans]
A cup of hot coffee should be analyzed as a closed system since no mass is crossing the
boundaries of the system.

Q2:
(a)

[Ans]
Volume of sat. water at 200 kPa,  = 0.00106 m3/kg
Mass = Vi/ = 0.05 / 0.00106 = 47.17 kg

(b)
[Ans]
Vf = mass x g = 47.17 kg x 0.8856 m3/kg
= 41.77 m3

(c)
[Ans]
Initial enthalpy = hf = 505 kJ/kg
Final enthalpy = hg = 2707 kJ/kg

Total enthalpy change = mass x h = 47.17 kg x (2707  505) kJ/kg


= 103868 kJ
(d)
[Ans]:
Power = Work / time
= 103868 kJ / (3*60)s = 577 kW

(e)
[Ans]:

Q3:
(a)
[Ans]:
Chemical Equation
C3H8 + a (O2+3.76N2) → b (CO2) + c (H2O) + d (N2)

C: b=3
H: 2c = 8 , c = 4
O: 2b+c = 2a , a = 5
N: d = 3.76a = 18.8

Balanced Equation

C3H8 + 5 (O2+3.76N2) → 5 (CO2) + 4 (H2O) + 18.8 (N2)


Air-fuel ratio on a molar basis,
23.8
AF   23.8
1
Air-fuel ratio on a mass basis,
 28 .97 
AF  23 .8   15 .67
 44 

(b)
[Ans]:
Excess air = (Actual A/F ratio – Theoretical A/F ratio) / Actual A/F ratio x 100%
= (2515.67)/15.67 x 100% = 60%

(c)
[Ans]:
If the exhaust gas is above 100 C, then the H2O product will be in the vapour phase, then
LHV shall be used.
Rate of energy input = mass rate x LHV
= 50 kg/h x 46340 kJ/kg / 3600 hr/s
= 643.6 kJ/s = 643.6 kW

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