Concreto Construccion Civil

What is Concrete?
Concrete, an artificial stone-like mass, is the composite material that is created by

mixing binding material (cement or lime) along with the aggregate (sand, gravel, stone,
brick chips, etc.), water, admixtures, etc in specific proportions. The strength and
quality are dependent on the mixing proportions.
The formula for producing concrete from its ingredients can be presented in the
following equation:
Concrete = Binding Material + Fine & Coarse Aggregate + Water + Admixture
(optional)
Concrete is a very necessary and useful material for construction work. Once all the
ingredients -cement, aggregate, and water unit of measurement mixed inside the
required proportions, the cement and water begin a reaction with one another to bind
themselves into a hardened mass. This hardens rock-like mass is the concrete.
Concrete is powerful, easy to create and could be formed into varied shapes and
sizes. Besides that, it is reasonable, low cost and is instantly mixed. It is designed to
allow reliable and high-quality fast-track construction. Structures designed with the
concrete unit of measurement plenty of durable and should be designed to face up to
earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, and tornadoes. This is an incredible advancement.
With all the scientific advances there are in this world, there still has not been the way
of preventing nature's injury.
Composition of Basic Concrete Mix

There are four basic ingredients within the concrete mix:
 Binding materials like cement or lime

 Aggregates or Inert Materials
o Fine aggregate (sand)
o Coarse aggregate (stone chips, brick chips)
 Water
 Admixture (e.g. Pozzolana)
Binding Materials
Binding material is the main element of a concrete mix. Cement is the most commonly
used binding material. Lime could also be used. When water is mixed with the cement,
a paste is created that coats the aggregates within the mix. The paste hardens, binds
the aggregates and form a stone-like substance.
Aggregates
Sand is the fine mixture. Gravel or crushed stone is the coarse mixture in most mixes.
Water
Water is required to with chemicals react with the cement (hydration) and to supply
workability with the concrete. The number of water within the combine in pounds
compared with the number of cement is named the water/cement quantitative relation.
The lower the w/c quantitative relation, the stronger the concrete. (Higher strength,
less permeability)
Types of Concrete Mix

Concrete is employed for various projects starting from little homemade comes to large
subject field buildings and structures. It is used for sidewalks, basements, floors, walls,
and pillars at the side of several alternative uses. Many sorts of concrete are utilized in
the development works.
Based on the variations in materials and purposes, concrete can be classified into
three basic categories-
1. Cement Concrete
2. Reinforced Cement Concretes
Cement Concrete
Most engineering construction uses cement concrete composites as the main building
material. It consists of cement, sand, brick chips or stone chips of the required size.
The usual proportion is 1:2:4 or 1:3:6. After mixing the required amounts of materials,
the concrete mix is cured with water for 28 days for proper strength building.
Reinforced Cement Concretes

For enhancing the tensile strength of concrete, steel reinforcements are added.
Sometimes, RCC is prestressed under compression to eliminate or reduce tensile
stresses. The resulting concrete is known as Prestressed Concrete.
Dry Ready Mix

This is the combination that may be found at the most home improvement and
hardware stores. It comes in baggage typically starting from sixty to eighty pounds. Dry
ready mix is simple to combine and this is often the combination that almost all
homemade comes would require. The tools needed for the mixture are a bucket or
cart, shovel or hoe, trowel and a measured quantity of water.
Ready Mix
The distinction between dry ready mix and ready-mix concrete is that the water is
already supplementary to ready combine. This concrete comes pre-mixed and is for
larger homemade comes or for people who do not need to combine their own
concrete. It is typically brought in an exceedingly little trailer, typically with an
intermixture drum connected to stay it dampish and mixed. The ready combine is
usually costlier and might be troublesome to search out. It additionally should be used
quickly as an alternative it will set while not unfolding properly.
Transit Mix
This is the mix that almost all cast-in-place concrete comes can use. it is typically
trucked in using concrete trucks that have the massive drum that keeps the concrete
from setting up whereas in transit. It permits for one continuous pour so fewer seams
and stronger concrete overall. For big comes, transit combine is far additional value
effective than getting bulk materials or ready-mix since in each those the workforce to
combine the concrete would get to be patterned into the value.
Regular Concrete
The most common type used is the regular concrete that is referred to as traditional
weight concrete or traditional strength concrete. This pertains to the concrete that is
promptly on the market within the retailer’s marketplace for personal and residential
usage. This includes usage directions that are written within the packaging of the
product. It utilizes sand and different materials to function aggregates and is
consolidated in temporary vessels.
High-strength Concrete
High strength concrete combine possesses compressive strength that is over six
thousand pounds per area unit. This can be processed by lowering the water-cement
quantitative relation to a minimum of 0.35 or lower. The low water-cement quantitative
relation makes this sort of cementless feasible. so as to combat this weakness,
superplasticizers are other to the present concrete combine.
High-Performance Concrete
High-performance concrete refers to a freshly developed concrete combine that has
properties that are a notch higher compared to regular concrete mixes. This includes
increased strength, durability, and workability, simplicity of usage, compaction while
not segregation, long-run mechanical properties, porosity, density, toughness, and
volume stability. Air-entrained agents may be utilized in order to customize this
concrete combine for severe environments.
Self-Consolidating Concrete
The concrete combine once placed can compact by its own weight is considered self-
consolidated concrete. No vibration should be provided for an equivalent individually.
This combine has higher workability. The slumping price is going to be between 650
and 750. This concrete because of its higher workability is named as flowing concrete.
The areas wherever there is thick reinforcement, self – consolidating concrete works
best.
Asphalt Concrete
Asphalt concrete may be a material, the mixture of aggregates and asphalts ordinarily
accustomed surface roads, parking tons, airports, yet because of the core of mound
dams. Asphalt concrete is known as asphalt, blacktop, or pavement and tarmac or
bitumen, macadam or rolled asphalt in the other countries.
Rapid Strength Concrete

As the name implies these concretes can acquire strength with few hours once its
manufacture. Therefore, the formwork removal is created simple and the building
construction is roofed quickly. These have a widespread application within the road
repairs, as they'll be reused once some hours.
Polymer Concrete
In polymer concrete, the aggregates are restrained with the polymer rather than
cement. The assembly of polymer concrete can facilitate within the reduction of
volume of voids within the mixture. This may cut back the quantity of polymer that is
necessary to bind the aggregates used. Hence, the aggregates are ranked and mixed
consequently to attain minimum void. This kind of concrete has totally different
classes:
 Polymer Impregnated Concrete

 Polymer cement concrete

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Concreto Construccion Civil

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What is Concrete?

Concrete, an artificial stone-like mass, is the composite material that is created by

Composition of Basic Concrete Mix

 Binding materials like cement or lime

Types of Concrete Mix

Reinforced Cement Concretes

Dry Ready Mix

Rapid Strength Concrete

 Polymer Impregnated Concrete

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