What is the listener?

*Listener .ora file contains server-side network configuration parameter

*The Physical location of that  file is "$ORACLE_HOME/newtwork/admin/"

Default Listener.ora contains

<listener_name> =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
 (DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = <db_hostname>)(PORT = <port_name>))
  )
 )
)

SID_LIST_<listener_name> =
(SID_LIST =
 (SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME = <DB_sid>)
   (ORACLE_HOME = <Oracle_home Location>)
 )
)

in above we have to replace host into machine "IP Address" and SID_Name
is Instance name

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
 (DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS_LIST =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.171)(PORT = 1521))
  )
 )
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
 (SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME = proddb)
   (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
 )
)

Once we did the configuration we should start the listener again

i)To  start listener

oracle@oracle11g~]$ lsnrctl start

II)To stop listener

oracle@oracle11g~]$ lsnrctl stop

III)To view status

oracle@oracle11g~]$ lsnrctl status

eitherway ,we can use the lsnrctl utility at os level

oracle@oracle11g~]$ lsnrctl

 Start listener from that utility

LSNRCTL> start

 Stop listener

LSNRCTL> stop

 Status of the listener

LSNRCTL> status

Check listener at os level

At OS level, you can check background process tns

# ps –ef|grep tns
What is tnsname.ora file?

* It contains the information about the server where our remotely connect
database is present,the port number information,the DB name,the protocol
used.

* If a user wants to  have connection entry into tnsname.ora

* It's located in "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin" and edit

tnsname.ora

Testdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS_LIST =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.121)(PORT = 1521))
  )
 (CONNECT_DATA =
  (SERVICE_NAME = Testdb)
 )
)

here "Testdb" is connection string name host "192.168.0.121" port "1521"

the service name is "Testdb"

* Generally, most of the people will use the db name as service name

To check our tnsname configuration:

note : ensure the listener is up and running in order to accept the

connection

tnsping Testdb

  Note : Difference  B/w Listener.ora and Tnsname.ora ?

Tnsname.ora = The file contains the information about the server where
your database is present

Listener.ora=The file contains the information about  the listener which is

the users have to connect from a different server.

Performance tuning
now HR is waiting for scott once we get  problem issue from development
side first we ensure who are all in on-line

    SQL> select sid,serial#,username from V$session;

      SID    SERIAL# USERNAME

  ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
        1          5 SYS
        2          1
        3          1
        4          1
        5          1
        6          1
        7          1
        8          1
        9          1
       10          1
       11          1
       12          1
       13          1
       14          1
       15          1
       16          1
       20          2
       22          2
       24          3
       25         99
       29          3
       30         12
       31         16
       32         50
       33          3 HR
       34         15 SCOTT

  S-2: to wait out both user what is the status  

  SQL> select sid,event,seconds_in_wait,wait_time,state from V$session where

sid in('33','34');

      SID EVENT                                                          
SECONDS_IN_WAIT  WAIT_TIME STATE
      ----------
----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------- ---------- -------------------
       33 enq: TX - row lock contention                                      
829       0 WAITING
       34 SQL*Net message from client                                        
914       0 WAITING

  here the problem is "ENQ:TX- row lock contention" means that sid is
waiting for someone

 S-3: let us find  cpu usage in system level  

    SQL> select  event,time_waited from V$system_event where event='enq: TX -

row lock contention';

   EVENT                                                          
TIME_WAITED
   ----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
   enq: TX - row lock contention                                        
154390

    SQL> /

    EVENT                                                          
TIME_WAITED
   ----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
   enq: TX - row lock contention                                        
158326

  S-4: find which session is waiting for session level

   SQL> select sid,event,time_waited from V$session_event where event='enq: TX

- row lock contention' and sid in ('33','34');

      SID EVENT                                                          
TIME_WAITED
     ----------
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
       33 enq: TX - row lock contention                                      
175386

  S-5: find out how the user has been logged

     SQL> select
event,service_name,total_waits,time_waited,average_wait,max_wait from
V$service_event where event='enq: TX - row lock contention';
 
        EVENT                                                          
SERVICE_NAME                  TOTAL_WAITS TIME_WAITED AVERAGE_WAIT    MAX_WAIT
   ---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
----------- ------------ ----------
          enq: TX - row lock contention                                  
SYS$USERS                       1       190688       190688          0

S-6: to find the blocked  session user

        SQL> select  BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS, BLOCKING_INSTANCE,

BLOCKING_SESSION ,username from V$session where sid in('33','34');

         BLOCKING_SE BLOCKING_INSTANCE BLOCKING_SESSION USERNAME

         ----------- ----------------- ----------------
------------------------------
          VALID                       1               34 HR
         NO HOLDER                                      SCOTT

S-7: to find the object _id because using this id we can find which  has been
trouble

       SQL> select ROW_WAIT_OBJ#   "Object_id" ,ROW_WAIT_FILE# "realtive

fileno", ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#   "Block Number" from V$session where sid in('33');

                  Object_id realtive fileno Block Number

                 ---------- --------------- ------------
                   73181               4          151

S-8: to find the table problem occur table and owner

      SQL> select owner,object_type,object_name,data_object_id from

dba_objects where object_id='73181';

     OWNER                          OBJECT_TYPE         OBJECT_NAME          

DATA_OBJECT_ID
    ------------------------------ -------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------        ----- --------------
         SCOTT                          TABLE               EMP              
73181
S-9:   to find out user details

      SQL> select machine,osuser,username ,sid,service_name,logon_time from

V$session where sid in ('33','34');

         MACHINE                                                        
OSUSER                         USERNAME        SID SERVICE_NAME              
LOGON_TIM
----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
        goldengatesource                                                
oracle                         HR               33 SYS$USERS                  
12-MAR-16
       goldengatesource                                                 oracle
SCOTT            34 SYS$USERS

S-10: to sql_id for sql query which has be issued

     SQL> select sql_id from V$session where sid in ('33','34');

        SQL_ID
      -------------
       1dc2pgg0uh57f

S-11:   finally we found the issue query which has be given hr user  now we
ensure whether user scott is going to commit or kill that session get the
conformation  application team .

     SQL> select sql_fulltext from  V$sql where sql_id='1dc2pgg0uh57f';

     SQL_FULLTEXT
   
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
     update scott.emp set sal=sal-3 where empno=7900

What is the difference between sga_max_size & sga_target ? or what is the

difference between memory_target & memory_max_target?

* sga_max_size set the over all amount of memory the sga can consume
but it is not dynamic

* sga_max_size is allowed to resize sga memory but sga_target is set some

value there the ASMM ie enabled it can be adjusted up to sga_max_size
parameter not more than it MEMORY_TARGET &
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET

* If we set sga_max_size and pga_aggregate_target to 0 then

memory_target(optionally memory_max_target) to non-zero value,oracle
will manage both sga nd pga with their limit

* if we set memory_targer set 1024mb oracle will manage sga and pga
components within itself

* if memory_target is non-zero -SGA_TARGET, SGA_MAX_SIZE, and

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET are set to 0, 60% of memory mentioned in
MEMORY_TARGET is allocated to SGA and rest 40% is kept for PGA.
-SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET are set to non-zero values,
these values will be considered minimum values.

-SGA_TARGET is set to non-zero value and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET is not

initialised . Still these values will be autotuned and
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET will be initialized with the value of
(MEMORY_TARGET-SGA_TARGET).

-PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET is set and SGA_TARGET is not initialised. Still

both parameters will be autotuned. SGA_TARGET will be initialized to a value
of (MEMORY_TARGET-PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET).