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C-Functions: Dr. D.H. Kisanga

This document discusses C functions including: - Functions allow grouping of statements to perform a task and every C program has at least one function, main() - There are two types of functions: library functions defined in header files and user-defined functions created by the programmer - Functions require a definition including a return type, name, parameters, and body as well as a declaration before use and calls to execute - Examples are provided demonstrating how to define, declare, call functions to perform tasks like calculations and returning values.

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Alvin Kelly Jr.
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34 views

C-Functions: Dr. D.H. Kisanga

This document discusses C functions including: - Functions allow grouping of statements to perform a task and every C program has at least one function, main() - There are two types of functions: library functions defined in header files and user-defined functions created by the programmer - Functions require a definition including a return type, name, parameters, and body as well as a declaration before use and calls to execute - Examples are provided demonstrating how to define, declare, call functions to perform tasks like calculations and returning values.

Uploaded by

Alvin Kelly Jr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C-Functions

Dr. D.H. Kisanga

May 2020
Function
 is a group of statements that together perform a task.
 Every C program has at least one function, which is main()
 A function in C plays the same role that functions, subroutines,
and procedures play in other languages, although the details might
differ.

 C functions can be classified into two types:


 Library functions
 User-defined functions
• The library functions are the functions which are already
defined in C’s functions library i.e. header files.
For example:. scanf() and printf() are the library functions
defined in file stdio.h

• User defined function is the function defined by the


programmer.
For example: the main() function.

• In order to make use of user defined functions, we need to


establish three elements that are related to functions.
i. Function definition
ii. Function declaration
iii. Function call
Function definition
 It includes following topics:
i. Function Header
ii. Function Body

 The general form of a function is:

function_type function_name (parameters list)


{
body of the function
}
 Where:
 Return_type: The return_type is the data type of the value the
function returns

 Function_name: is the actual name of the function.

 Parameter_list: refers to the type, order, and number of the


parameters of a function

 Function body: contains a collection of C-statements

 function_type function_name(parameters list): altogether are


known as function header and
Function declaration
Before a function is used in a C program it should be declared.
Declaration of function is known as function prototype.

 A function declaration or a function prototype consists of a

 function return type,

 functions name, and

 its parameter lists.

i.e. Function_return_type function_name (parameter list);


Eg. int myfunct(int x);

 The only function that does not need a prototype is main() since it
is predefined by the C language.
Function call (Calling a Function)
 To use a function, you will have to call that function to perform
the defined task.
 When a function is called, program control is transferred to the
called function. A called function performs a defined task and
there after returns the program control back to the calling
function (or main program).
While calling a function, there are two ways that arguments can
be passed to a function:

i. Function call by value: This method copies the actual value of


an argument into the formal parameter of the function.
ii. Function call by reference: This method copies the address of
an argument into the formal parameter.

This class covers only function call by value.


Eg 1: A program that uses a function to return an integer value.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int funct (void);
main ()
{
int num;
num = funct();

printf ("The number is %d", num);


getch();
}
Eg 2. This program demonstrates the use of arguments and how to pass them to
the called function.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void sum(int x, int y);
main()
{
sum (2,20); /* sending 2 and 20 to sum() as values of x and y respectively */
sum (10,40); /*sending 10 and 40 to sum() */
getch();
}
void sum(int x, int y)
{
printf ("%d\n", x +y);
}
Eg 3. This program demonstrates the use of arguments and how to pass them to
the called function (A program that finds a maximum value)
#include <stdio.h>
int max(int num1, int num2);
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 100;
int b = 200;
int ret;
/* calling a function to get max value */
ret = max(a, b);
printf( "Max value is : %d\n", ret );
return 0;
}
Eg4: This program uses a function myvolume() to calculate the volume
of a sphere and return a value to the main() function.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
float myvol (float radius);
main()
{
float volume, r;
printf ("Enter the radius: ");
scanf ("%f", &r);
volume = myvol(r); /* calling a function myvolume ()*/
printf ("\n\n The volume of a sphere is %f", volume);
getch();
}
Eg5: This is a program that displays a square of a number entered
from the keyboard. The square is computed using the function
squared().
# include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int squared(void);
int main (void)
{
int sq;
sq = squared ();
printf ("Its square is %d", sq);
getch();
}
Eg6. Write a program that uses a function called convert (), which prompts the
user for an amount in US-Dollar and return this value converted into Tshs (Use
an exchange rate $1=TSh 2100) .Display the conversion.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
float convert (void);
float dollar; /* This is a global variable */
main ()
{
float TSH;
TSH = convert();
printf ("US$ %f = Tshs %f", dollar, TSH);
getch();
}
Eg 7. C-mathematics functions. All the math functions require that
the header file math.h be included in a program.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float num;
printf("\n\n Enter a number \n");
scanf("%f", &num);
/* The fabs() function returns the absolute value of a number*/
printf("\n Absolute value of %f is %1.1f", num, fabs(num));

/* The log() function returns the natural logarithm of a non-negative number*/


printf("\n The logarithm of %f is %1.1f", num, log(num));

/* The pow() function returns base raised to the exponent power. Where base>0 and exp>=o */
printf("\n The power of %f raised to 5 is %1.1f", num, pow(num,5));

/* The sqrt() function returns the square root of a non-negative number*/


printf("\n The square root of %f is %1.1f", num, sqrt(num));

getch();
}
Homework
Q1. Modify the program in Eg6 using a for loop that will request a
user to enter amount in USD from the keyboard and display the
conversion to the monitor screen. Use 5 iterations.

Q2. The moons gravity is about 17% of Earth’s. Write a program


that allows you to enter your weight and use a function convert() to
compute your effective weight on the moon and return the output to
the main() function for display.
Thank you for your attention.

Questions

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