Batangas State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

Alangilan, Batangas City

PROPOSED STEEL DESIGN OF

COMMERCIAL SHOWROOM

SUBMITTED BY:

LORIE DIGNA B. ONDO

IRISH M. MOLE

ALBERT MARTIN L. REYES

CE 415: Structural Design 2: Steel and Timber Design

CE - 4202

1
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

WIND LOAD

o Occupancy category : V

o Wind Speed (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.5-1A)

Location: Batangas

V: 250 kph

o Wind Load Parameters

kd = 0.85 (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.6-1)

Exposure Category = B (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.7.)

Topographic Factor (kzt) = 1 (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.8.2)

Gust Effect Factor (G) = 0.85 (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.9.1)

Enclosure Classification = Enclosed (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.10)

Internal Pressure Coefficient = ±0.18 (NSCP 2015, Table 207A.11-1)

o Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (kz and kh)

 Using Interpolation

Height Above Ground kz and kh

0-4.5 0.57
∴k z∧kh=0.57
 Velocity Pressure (qz and qh) (NSCP 2015, 7th edition, Equation
207B.3-1) 
km 1000 m 1h m
 q z =0.613 k z k zt k d V 2 ;250 × × =69.44
h 1 km 3600 s s
2
m
(
¿ ( 0.613 ) ( 0.57 ) ( 1 )( 0.85 ) 69.44
s )
N
=2062.36
m2

o External Pressure Coefficient (Cp and CN) (NSCP 2015, Table in 2-74)

Cp using qn

∅=tan −1 ( 1.512 )=7.31°

Wall Pressure (PWALL)
 Windward
PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

2
 C p=0.8 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )
N N
1
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 ) ( 0.8 )− 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
PWALL =1031.18
m2
1

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
1
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 ) ( 0.8 )− 2062.36 2 (−0.18 )
m
N
PWALL =1773.63
m2
1

 Leeward
PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

C p=−0.3 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )
N N
2
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 ) (−0.3 )− 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
PWALL =−897.13
m2
2

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
2
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 ) (−0.3 )− 2062.36 2 (−0.18 )
m

3
 N
PWALL =−154.68
m2
2

 Side Wall
PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

C p=−0.7 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

PWALL=q z G C p −qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )
N N
3
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 ) (−0.7 ) − 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
PWALL =−1598.33
m2
3

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
4
(
PWALL = 2062.36
m2 ) ( )
( 0.85 ) (−0.7 )− 2062.36 2 (−0.18 )
m
N
PWALL =−855.88
m2
4

Roof Pressure (PROOF)

 Windward1
P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

C p=−0.82 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )

4
 N N
1
(
P ROOF = 2062.36
m 2 ) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.82 )− 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =−1808.69
m2
1

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
1
(
P ROOF = 2062.36
m 2 ) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.82 )− 2062.36 2 (−0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =−1066.24
m2
1

 Windward2
P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

C p=−0.18 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )
N N
1
(
P ROOF = 2062.36
m 2 ) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.18 )− 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =−686.76588
m2
1

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
1
(
P ROOF = 2062.36
m 2 ) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.18 )− 2062.36 2 (−0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =55.68
m2
1

 Leeward
P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

C p=−0.42 C pi =±0.18
N
q z =2062.36 G=0.85
m2

5
 P ROOF=q z G C p−qi C pi

( C pi=0.18 )
N N
2
(
P ROOF = 2062.36
m 2) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.42 )− 2062.36 2 ( 0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =−1107.49
m2
2

( C pi=−0.18 )
N N
2
(
P ROOF = 1909.688
m 2 ) ( )
( 0.85 )(−0.42 ) − 1909.47 2 (−0.18 )
m
N
P ROOF =−365.04
m2
2

Proof = 1808.69 N/m2

PWALL = 1773.63 N/m2 PWALL = 897.13N/m2

PWALL = 897.13N/m2

6
PROPERTIES OF PURLINS
Try C125 x 50 x 4.5

Thickness = 4.5 mm ix = 4.74

Weight = 8.32 kg/m iy = 1.78
Area = 10.59 cm2 Zx = 38
Cx = 0 Zy = 10
Cy = 1.68 Sx = 4.0
Ix = 238 cm4 Sy = 0
Iy = 33.5 cm4

Weight of Purlins = Weight x 9.81

8.32 x 9.81

Weight of Purlins = 81.62 N/m

= 0.082 kN/m

Live Load

Roof Live Load

PWALL = 897.13N/m2

Using Uniform Load, 1.0 kPa in Method 2 from NSCP 2015 (Table 205-3 Minimum Roof
Live Loads, p. 2-20).

1.0 kPa = 1000 N/m2 (1m) = 1000N

Roof Live Load = 1000N

Dead Load
From Table 204-2 Minimum Design Dead Load (kPa), p. 2-14.
Roof Dead Load = 0.050 kPa
Roof Dead Load = 50 N/m2 (1m) = 50N/m
Roof Dead Load = 50N/m

Governing Load Combination: 1.2D+1.6(Lr or R) + (fiL or 0.5W)

Total Combined Loads:

7
Using LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) Load combination, equation 203-3

Windward Side

Py = 1.2D + 1.6Lr +0.5W

Py = 1.2(50 N/m) + 1.6(1000 N/m) + 0.5(1808.69N/m)

Py = 2767.49 N/m

P = Px x Spacing of Columns

P = 2767.49 N/m x 4m

P = 11.07 kN

TRUSS DESIGN

Spacing of each member = 1m

DESIGN OF TOP CHORD

Critical Member (XY)
Force@ UV =314.83 kN (C) L=1.0078 m (Length of Member UV)

Try L150 x 75 x 12
Properties:
kg
Theoretical Mass=20.10 E=200GPa
m
Area=2570 mm2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =5.91×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =1.00 ×106 mm 4
S x =6.16 ×10 4 mm3 S y =1.73 × 104 mm3
r x =19.80 mm r y =47.90 mm

8
 Check Slenderness Ratio
kL ( 0.65 ) (1.0078 m ) (1000)
= = 13.68
r 11.8 mm
2 2 3
CC = 2❑ E = 2❑ (200 x 10 ) = 126.17
√
Fy √
248
kL
Therefore, < CC .
r

Allowable Stress
3
kL kL
5
FS = + 3
3 8 Cc
r
−( ) ( )
1 r
8 Cc
3
5 3 13.68 1 13.68
FS = + (− ) (
3 8 126.17 8 126.17 )
FS = 1.7071

kL
Fy
Fa = [1- 1 ( r )]2[ ]
FS
2 Cc
1 13.68 2 248 MPa
Fa = [1- ( )] [ ]
2 126.17 1.7071
Fa = 129.95 MPa
Allowable Load
P= Area∙ Fa
P=(2570 mm2 )(129.95 MPa)
P=333.97 kN

Actual Load
P=314.83 kN < P=333.97 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 150 x 75 x 12 for Top Chord.

DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD

Critical Member (LM OR LK)
Force@ AC=290.36 kN (T ) L=1.0 m (Length of Member AC)

Try L150 x 75 x 12
Properties:

9
 kg
Theoretical Mass=20.10 E=200GPa
m
Area=2570 mm2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =5.91×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =1.00 ×106 mm 4

S x =6.16 ×10 4 mm3 S y =1.73 × 104 mm3

r x =19.80 mm r y =47.90 mm

Allowable Tensile Stress

Fe=0.6 Fy
Fe=0.6(248 MPa)
Fe=148.8 MPa

Allowable Load
Pe=AFe
Pe=(2630 mm2 )(148.8 MPa)
Pe=391.34 kN
Actual Load
P=290.36 kN < P=391.34 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 150 x 75 x 12 for Bottom Chord.

DESIGN OF DIAGONAL MEMBER

Critical Member (MY)
Force@ XJ =192.72 kN (C) L=1.0308 m (Length of Member RU)

Try L100 x 75 x 10
Properties:
kg
Theoretical Mass=13 E=200GPa
m
Area=2570 mm2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =5.91×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =1.00 ×106 mm 4

S x =6.16 ×10 4 mm3 S y =1.73 × 104 mm3

r x =19.80 mm r y =47.90 mm

Check Slenderness Ratio

kL ( 0.65 ) (1.038 m ) (1000)
= = 34.0758
r 19.80 mm

10
 2 2 3
CC = 2❑ E = 2❑ (200 x 10 ) = 126.17
√
Fy 248 √
kL
Therefore, < CC .
r

Allowable Stress
3
kL kL

3 8 Cc ( ) ( )
FS = 5 + 3 r − 1 r
8 Cc
3
5 3 34.07 1 34.07
FS = + −(
3 8 126.17 8 126.17 ) ( )
FS = 1.77
kL
Fy
Fa = [1- 1 ( r )]2[ ]
FS
2 Cc
1 34.07 2 248 MPa
Fa = [1- ( )] [ ]
2 126.17 1.7655
Fa = 105.99 MPa
Allowable Load
P= AFa
P=(2570 mm2 )(105.099 MPa)
P=270.10 kN

Actual Load
P=192.72 kN < P=270.10 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 100 x 75 x 10 for Diagonal Member.
DESIGN OF VERTICAL MEMBER
Critical Member (OB)
Force@ XK =59.27 kN (T ) L=0.25m (Length of Member TU)

Try L100 x 75 x 10
Properties:
kg
Theoretical Mass=13 E=200GPa
m
Area=2570 mm2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =5.91×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =1.00 ×106 mm 4

S x =6.16 ×10 4 mm3 S y =1.73 × 104 mm3

r x =19.80 mm r y =47.90 mm

11
 Allowable Tensile Stress
Fe=0.6 Fy
Fe=0.6(248 MPa)
Fe=148.8 MPa
Allowable Load
Pe=AFe
Pe=(2570 mm2 )(148.8 MPa)
Pe=382.42kN

Actual Load
P=59.27 < P=382.416 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 100 x 75 x 10 for Vertical Member.

JOINT FORCES

JOINT A

AO AB
A=1.2 AN +( 2
+
2 )
260.19 236.72
(
A=1.2 354.93+
2
+
2 )
A=603.33 N ≈ 0.603 kN

JOINT B

BA BC BP
(
B=1.2 BO +
2
+
2
+
2 )
236.72 236.72 244.98
(
B=1.2 210.42+
2
+
2
+
2 )
B=565.95 N ≈ 0.57 kN

JOINT C

CE CD CQ
(
C=1.2 CP +
2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 78.50
(
C=1.2 65.19+
2
+
2
+
2 )
C=168.24 N ≈ 0.17 kN

12
JOINT D

DC DE DR
D=1.2 DQ+ ( 2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 73.75
(
D=1.2 58.67+
2
+
2
+
2 )
D=159.35 N ≈ 0.16 kN

JOINT E

ED ES EF
E=1.2 ER +( 2
+ +
2 2 )
63.80 63.80 69.30
(
E=1.2 52.15+
2
+
2
+
2 )
E=150.60 N ≈ 0.15 kN

JOINT F

FE FT FG
F=1.2 FS+ ( 2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 65.19
(
F=1.2 45.63+
2
+
2
+
2 )
F=142.03 N ≈ 0.14 kN

JOINT G

GF GU GH
G=1.2 ¿+ ( 2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 61.50
(
G=1.2 39.11+
2
+
2
+
2 )
G=133.66 N ≈ 0.13 kN

JOINT H

HG HI HV
H=1.2 HU +( 2
+ +
2 2 )
63.80 63.80 58.30
(
H=1.2 52.59+
2
+
2
+
2 )
13
H=125.55 N ≈ 0.13 kN

JOINT I

IH IW IJ
(
I =1.2 IV +
2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 55.70
(
I =1.2 26.07498+
2
+
2
+
2 )
I =117.73 N ≈ 0.12 kN

JOINT J

JI JK JX
J=1.2 JW +( 2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 53.76
(
J=1.2 19.56+
2
+
2
+
2 )
J=110.24 N ≈ 0.11 kN

JOINT K

KJ KL KY
K=1.2 KX +( 2
+
2
+
2 )
63.80 63.80 52.26
(
K=1.2 13.03749+
2
+
2
+
2 )
K=103.12 N ≈ 0.10 kN

JOINT L

LK LM
L=1.2 LY +( 2
+
2 )
64.30 64.30
(
L=1.2 6.518745+
2
+
2 )
L=70.32 N ≈ 0.07 kN

JOINT M

M =1.2 ( ML2 + MX2 )

14
M =1.2 ( 63.80
2
+
52.56
2 )

M =58.18 N ≈ 0.06 kN

JOINT N

N=1.2 ( NO2 )
N=1.2 ( 64.30
2 )

N=32.15 N ≈ 0.03 kN

JOINT O

O=1.2 ( ON2 + OP2 + OA2 )

O=1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
64.30 88.67
2
+
2 )

O=108.63 N ≈ 0.11 kN

JOINT P

P=1.2 ( PQ2 + PB2 + PO2 )

P=1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
83.48 64.30
2
+
2 )

P=106.04 N ≈ 0.11 kN

JOINT Q

Q=1.2 ( QP2 + QC2 + QR2 )

Q=1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
78.50 64.30
2
+
2 )

Q=103.55 N ≈ 0.10 kN

JOINT R

15
R=1.2 ( RQ2 + RS2 + RD2 )
R=1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
64.30 73.75
2
+
2 )

R=101.18 N ≈ 0.10 kN

JOINT S

S=1.2 ( SR2 + ST2 + SE2 )

S=1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
64.30 69.30
2
+
2 )

S=98.95035 N ≈ 0.09895035 kN

JOINT T

T =1.2 ( TS2 + TF2 + TU2 )

T =1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
65.19 64.30
2
+
2 )

T =96.90 N ≈ 0.10 kN

JOINT U

U =1.2 ( UT2 + UV2 + UG2 )

U =1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
64.30 61.50
2
+
2 )

U =95.05 N ≈ 0.10 kN

JOINT V

V =1.2 ( VU2 + VH2 + VW2 )

V =1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
58.30 64.30
2
+
2 )

V =93.45 N ≈ 0.09 kN

16
JOINT W

W =1.2 ( WI2 + WV2 + WX2 )

W =1.2 ( 55.70
2
+
64.30 64.30
2
+
2 )

W =92.15 N ≈ 0.09 kN

JOINT X

X =1.2 ( XW2 + XY2 + XJ2 )

X =1.2 ( 64.30
2
+
64.30 53.77
2
+
2 )

X =91.18 N ≈ 0.09 kN

JOINT Y

Y =1.2 ( YK2 + YM2 + YX2 )

Y =1.2 ( 52.56
2
+
64.30 64.30
2
+
2 )

Y =90.58 N ≈ 0.090 kN

∑MA = 0

17
 8
RM (12) = 132.84( )(6) + .94(1) + .90(2) + .87(3) + .84(4) + .81(5) + .78(6) + .75(7) + .72(8) + .
√ 65
69(9) + .67(10) + .57(11) + .20(12)

RM = 70.07 kN (UPWARD)

∑Fy = 0

8
RM + RA = 132.84( ) + .94 + .90 + .87 + .84 + .81 + .78 + .75 + .72 + .69 + .67 + .57 + .20
√ 65

8
70.07 + RA = 132.84( ) + .94 + .90 + .87 + .84 + .81 + .78 + .75 + .72 + .69 + .67 + .57 + .20
√ 65

RA = 71.07 kN (UPWARD)

DETERMINATION OF FORCE MEMBERS BY METHOD OF JOINTS:

AT JOINT N

∑FX = 0

1 8
5.535( ) = NO( )
√ 65 √ 65

NO = 0.69 kN (T)

∑Fy = 0

8 1
NA = 5.535 ( ) + NO ( ) + 0.119
√ 65 √ 65

8 1
NA = 5.535 ( ) + 0.69 ( ) + 0.119
√ 65 √ 65

NA = 5.70 kN (C)

AT JOINT A

∑Fy = 0

18
 1.375
AN + AO( √ 185 ) + 0.603 = 71.20
8

1.375
5.697 + AO( √ 185 ) + 0.60333 = 71.20
8

AO = 80.242 kN (C)

∑FX = 0

1
AO( √ 185 ) = AB
8

1
80.242 ( √ 185 ) = AB
8

AB = 47.197 kN ( T )

AT JOINT O

∑FX = 0

1
1 8 8
11.07( ) - OA( √ 185 ) + ON( ) +OP ( )=0
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1
1 8 8
11.07( ) – 80.24 ( √ 185 ) + 0.69( ) + OP( )=0
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

OP = 45.49 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

1.375
8 1 1
OB + 0.369 + 11.07( ) = ON( ) + OP( ) + AO( √ 185 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1.375
8 1 1
OB + 0.108 + 11.07( ) = 0.69 ( ) + 45.49 ( ) + 80.24 ( √ 185 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

OB = 59.27 kN ( T )

19
AT JOINT B

∑Fy = 0

1.25
BO = 0.569 + BP( √ 41 )
4

1.25
59.27 = 0.569 + BP( √ 41 )
4

BP = 75.17 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
BA + BP( √ 41 ) = BC
4

1
47.197 + 75.17( √ 41 ) = BC
4

BC = 94.16 kN ( T )

AT JOINT P

∑FX = 0

1
1 8 8
11.05( ) + PQ( ) = BP( √ 41 ) + OP( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

1
1 8 8
11.05( ) + PQ( ) = 75.17 ( √ 41 ) + 45.49 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

PQ = 91.43 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

1.25
8 1 1
11.07( ) + PC + 0.36 + PQ( ) = PO( ) + BP( √ 41 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

20
 1.25
8 1 1
11.07( ) + PC + 0.36 + 91.43( ) = 45.49( ) + 75.17( √ 41 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

PC = 53.07 kN ( T )

AT JOINT C

∑Fy = 0

1.25
CP = 0.54 + CQ( √ 145 )
8

1.25
53.07 = 0.54 + CQ( √ 145 )
8

CQ = 70.28 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
CD = BC + CQ( √ 145 )
8

1
CD = 94.16 + 70.28( √ 145 )
8

CD = 140.85kN ( T )

AT JOINT Q

∑FX = 0

1
1 8 8
11.07( ) + QR( ) = QP( ) + CQ( √ 145 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1
1 8 8
11.07( ) + QR( ) = 91.43 ( ) + 70.28( √ 145 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

QR = 137.11 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

21
 1.25
8 1 1
QD + 0.35 + 11.07( ) + QP( ) = QR( ) + CQ( √ 145 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1.25
8 1 1
QD + 0.35 + 11.07( ) + 91.43( ) = 137.11( ) + 70.28 ( √ 145 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

QD = 46.89 kN ( T )

AT JOINT D

∑Fy = 0

1
QD = 0.52 + DR ( )
√2

1
46.89 = 0.16 + DR( )
√2

DR = 65.58 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
DE = CD + DR( )
√2

1
DE = 140.85 + 65.58( )
√2

DE = 187.22 kN ( T )

AT JOINT R

∑FX = 0

8 1 1 8
QR( ) + DR( ) = 11.07( ) + RS( )
√ 65 √2 √ 65 √ 65

8 1 1 8
137.11( ) + 65.58( ) = 11.07( ) + RS( )
√ 65 √2 √ 65 √ 65

RS = 182.46 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

1 1 1 8
RS( ) + DR( ) = RE + 0.35 + QR( ) + 11.07( )
√ 65 √2 √ 65 √ 65

1 1 1 8
164.64( ) + 65.58 ( ) = RE + 0.35 + 137.11 ( ) + 11.07( )
√ 65 √2 √ 65 √ 65

22
RE = 40.67 kN ( C )

AT JOINT E

∑Fy = 0

0.875
ER = 0.49 + ES ( √ 113 )
8

0.875
40.67 = 0.49 + ES ( √ 113 )
8

ES = 61.01 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
EF = ES ( √ 113 ) + ED
8

1
EF = 61.01( √ 113 ) + 87.22
8

EF = 133.14 kN ( T )

AT JOINT S

∑FX = 0

1
8 1 8
RS( ) + ES( √ 113 ) = 11.07( ) + ST ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1
8 1 8
82.46( ) + 61.01( √ 113 ) = 11.07( ) + ST ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

ST = 127.35 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

0.875
8 1 1
0.34 + SF + 11.07( ) + RS( ) = ST( ) + ES( √ 113 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

23
 0.875
8 1 1
0.34 + SF + 11.07( ) + 182.46( ) = 127.35( ) + 61.01 ( √ 113 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

SF = 34.42 kN ( T )

AT JOINT F

∑Fy = 0

.75
FS = 0.47 + FT( )
1.25

.75
34.42 = 0.76 + FT( )
1.25

FT = 56.58 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
FG = FT( ) + FE
1.25

1
FG = 56.58 ( ) + 133.14
1.25

FG = 178.40 kN ( T )

AT JOINT T

∑FX = 0

8 1 1 8
TS( ) + FT( ) = 11.07( ) + TU( )
√ 65 1.25 √ 65 √ 65

8 1 1 8
127.35 ( ) + 56.58 ( ) = 11.07( ) + TU( )
√ 65 1.25 √ 65 √ 65

TU = 171.58 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

8 1 1 .75
0.33 +TG + 11.07( ) + ST( ) = TU( ) + FT( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65 1.25

8 1 1 .75
0.33 +TG + 11.07( ) + 227.35 ( ) = 171.58 ( ) + 56.58 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65 1.25

TG = 28.12 kN ( T )

24
AT JOINT G

∑Fy = 0

0.875
GT = 0.44 + GU( √ 89 )
8

0.625
28.12 = 0.44 + GU( √ 89 )
8

GU = 52.22 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
GH = FG + GU( √ 89 )
8

1
GH = 178.40 + 52.22 ( √ 89 )
8

GH = 222.69 kN ( T )

AT JOINT U

∑FX = 0

1
8 1 8
TU( ) +GU( √ 89 ) = 11.07( ) + UV ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1
8 1 8
171.58( ) +52.22( √ 89 ) = 11.07( ) + UV ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

UV = 214.83 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

.625
1 8 1
UH + 0.33 + TU( ) + 11.07( ) = UV ( ) + GU( √ 89 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

.625
1 8 1
UH + 0.095 + 271.58 ( ) + 11.07( ) = 214.83 ( ) + 52.22( √ 89 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

UH = 21.73 kN ( T )

25
AT JOINT H

∑Fy = 0

.5
UH = 0.42 + HV ( √ 5 )
2

.5
21.73 = 0.13 + HV ( √ 5 )
2

HV = 47.65 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
HI = HG + HV ( √ 5 )
2

1
HI = 222.69 + 47.65 ( √ 5 )
2

HI = 265.35 kN ( T )

AT JOINT V

∑FX = 0

8
1 8 1
11.07( ) + VW( √ 5 ) = UV( ) + HV ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
2

8
1 8 1
11.07( ) + VW( √ 5 ) = 314.82( ) + 356.39 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
2

VW = 306.39 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

.5
8 1 1
VI + 0.32 + 11.07( ) + UV ( ) = HV ( √ 5 ) + VW ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
2

26
 .5
8 1 1
VI + 0.093 + 11.07( ) + 314.83 ( ) = 47.65( √ 5 ) + 306.39 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
2

VI = 15.16 kN ( C )

AT JOINT I

∑Fy = 0

.375
IV = 0.39 + IW ( √ 73 )
8

.375
15.16 = .39 + IW ( √ 73 )
8

IW = 42.04 kN ( T )

∑FX = 0

1
IJ = HI + IW ( √ 73 )
8

1
IJ = 265.35+ 42.04 ( √ 73 )
8

IJ = 304.67 kN ( T )

AT JOINT W

∑FX = 0

1
8 1 8
WV ( ) + IW ( √ 73 ) = 11.07( ) + WX ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

1
8 1 8
306.39 ( ) + 42.04 ( √ 73 ) = 11.07( ) + WX ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

WX = 309.81 kN ( C )

27
∑Fy = 0

.375
8 1 8
WJ + 0.32 + 11.07( ) + WV ( ) = WI ( √ 73 ) + WX ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

.375
8 1 8
WJ + 0.32 + 11.07( ) + 356.39 ( ) = 42.04 ( √ 73 ) + 394.68 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
8

WJ = 8.21 kN ( T)

AT JOINT J

∑Fy = 0

.25
WJ = 0.37 + JX ( √ 17 )
4

.25
8.21 = 0.37 + JX ( √ 17 )
4

JX = 32.30 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

1
JK = JX ( 17 ) + JI
√
4

1
JK = 32.3 ( 17 ) + 304.67
√
4

JK = 386.01 kN ( T )

AT JOINT X

∑FX = 0

1
8 1 8
XY ( ) + 11.07( ) = JX ( √ 17 ) + WX ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

1
8 1 8
XY ( ) + 11.07( ) = 32.30 ( √ 17 ) + 394.68 ( )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

28
XY = 389.10 kN ( C )

∑Fy = 0

.25
8 1 1
XK + 0.317 + 11.07( ) + XW ( ) = XY ( ) JX ( √ 17 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

.25
8 1 1
XK + 0.317 + 11.07( ) + 394.68 ( ) = 389.10( ) + 32.30 ( √ 17 )
√ 65 √ 65 √ 65
4

XK = .28 kN ( T )

AT JOINT M

∑Fy = 0

8 1
5.535 ( ) + MY ( ) + 0.1954 = 70.06
√ 65 √ 65

MY = 192.71 kN ( C )

∑FX = 0

8 1
ML + MY (( ) = 5.535 ( )
√ 65 √ 65

8 1
ML + 192.71 ( ) = = 5.535 ( )
√ 65 √ 65

ML = 390.36 kN ( T )

AT JOINT L

∑FX = 0

LM = LK = 390.36 kN ( T )

∑Fy = 0

LY = 0.26 kN ( T )

SUMMARY OF FORCES ON EACH MEMBERS

29
 TRUSS FORCES

TOP DIAGONAL BOTTOM VERTICAL

T T T T
MEMBE OR MEMBE OR MEMBE OR MEMBE FORC OR
R FORCE C R FORCE C R FORCE C R E C

NO 0.69 C OA 80.24 C AB 47.2 T NA 5.7 C

OP 45.49 C PB 75.17 C BC 94.16 T OB 59.27 T

PQ 91.43 C QC 60.23 C CD 129.57 T PC 53.07 T

137.1
QR 1 C RD 65.58 C DE 87.22 T QD 46.89 T

RS 82.45 C SE 61.01 C EF 133.14 T RE 40.67 T

127.3
ST 5 C TF 56.58 C FG 178.4 T SF 34.42 T
171.5
TU 8 C UG 52.22 C GH 222.69 T TG 28.12 T
214.8
UV 3 C VH 47.65 C HI 265.3 T UH 21.73 C
306.3
VW 9 C WI 42.04 T IJ 304.67 T VI 15.19 C
309.8
WX 3 C XJ 32.2 T JK 386.01 T WJ 8.21 C
314.8
XY 3 C YK 0.61 T KL 390.36 T XK 0.277 C
192.7
      MY 1   LM 390.36 T      

DESIGN OF CONNECTION

USE L150 x 75 x 12

USE L150 x 75 x 12

For Top Chord, L150 x 75 x 12

Actual Load
P = 314.80 kN (C)

30
Thickness of gusset plate is 12m.
Thickness of Weld
t WELD=t f −1.6 : where tf is the thickness of the member
t WELD=12−1.6
t WELD=10.4

T =0.707 tLF V FU = 415MPa

T
L=
0 .707tF V F v=0. 30 FU =0. 30( 415 MPa)=124 . 5 MPa
314.80
.707 x 10.4 x 124.5
L=.343888 m ≈343.90 mm
L1 = L 2
L = 2 L1 + t
343.90 = 2 L1 + 150
L1 = L2 = 96.95 mm

For Bottom Chord, L150 x 75 x 12

Actual Load
P = 390.36 kN (T)
Thickness of gusset plate is 12mm.
Thickness of Weld
t WELD=t f −1.6 : where tf is the thickness of the member
t WELD=12−1.6
t WELD=10.4

T =0.707 tLF V FU = 415MPa

T
L=
0 .707 tF V F v=0. 30 FU =0. 30( 415 MPa)=124 . 5 MPa
390.36
.707 x 10.4 x 124.5
L=.4264255 m ≈ 426.43 mm
L1 = L 2
L = 2 L1 + t
426.43 = 2 L1 + 150
L1 = L2 = 138.215 mm

31
For Diagonal Member, L100 x 75 x 10
Actual Load
P = 192.71 kN (C)
Thickness of gusset plate is 12mm.
Thickness of Weld
t WELD=t f −1.6 : where tf is the thickness of the member
t WELD=12−1.6
t WELD=10.4

T =0.707 tLF V FU = 415MPa

T
L=
0 .707tF V F v=0. 30 FU =0. 30( 415 MPa)=124 . 5 MPa
192.71
.707 x 10.4 x 124.5
L=.210514564 m≈ 210.5146 mm
L1 = L 2
L = 2 L1 + t
210.52= 2 L1 + 100
L1 = L2 = 55.26 mm

For Vertical Member, L100 x 75 x 10

Actual Load
P = 59.27 kN (T)
Thickness of gusset plate is 12mm.
Thickness of Weld
t WELD=t f −1.6 : where tf is the thickness of the member
t WELD=12−1.6
t WELD=10.4

T =0.707 tLF V FU = 415MPa

T
L=
0 .707 tF V F v=0. 30 FU =0. 30( 415 MPa)=124 . 5 MPa
59.27
.707 x 10.4 x 124.5
L=0.06474598m ≈ 60.47 mm
L1 = L 2
L = 2 L1 + t
32
 60.47 = 2 L1 + 100
L1 = L2 = 19.77 mm

BEAM TRUSS DESIGN

DESIGN OF TOP CHORD

Critical Member (ON & OP)
Force@ ON ∨OP=2.48 kN (C ) L=0.4 m (Length of Member ON or OP)

Try L60 x 60 x 6
Properties:

33
 kg
Theoretical Mass=5.42 E=200GPa
m
Area=731mm 2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =.271×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =.429 ×106 mm4

S x =5.980× 103 mm3 S y =5.98 × 103 mm3

r x =80 mm r y =24.00 mm

Check Slenderness Ratio

kL ( 0.65 ) (.4 m )(1000)
= = 10.83
r 24.0 mm
2 2 3
CC = 2❑ E = 2❑ (200 x 10 ) = 126.17
√
Fy √
248
kL
Therefore, < CC .
r

Allowable Stress
3
kL kL

3 8 Cc ( ) ( )
FS = 5 + 3 r − 1 r
8 Cc
3
5 3 10.83 1 10.83
FS = + (− ) (
3 8 126.17 8 126.17 )
FS = 1.70

kL
Fy
Fa = [1- 1 ( r )]2[ ]
FS
2 Cc
1 10.83 2 248 MPa
Fa = [1- ( )] [ ]
2 126.17 1.70
Fa = 145.34 MPa
Allowable Load
P= Area∙ Fa
P=(731 mm2)(145.34 MPa)
P=11.26 kN

Actual Load
P=2.48 kN < P=11.26 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 60 x 60 x 6 for Top Chord.

34
DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD
Critical Member (DE & EF)
Force@ DE∧EF=2.41 kN (T ) L=0.40m (Length of Member DE & EF)

Try L60 x 60 x 6
Properties:
kg
Theoretical Mass=5.42 E=200GPa
m
Area=731mm 2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =.271×10 6 mm 4 I y− y =.429 ×106 mm4
S x =5.980× 103 mm3 S y =5.98 × 103 mm3
r x =80 mm r y =24.00 mm

Allowable Tensile Stress

Fe=0.6 Fy
Fe=0.6(248 MPa)
Fe=148.8 MPa

Allowable Load
Pe=AFe
Pe=(731 mm2)(148.8 MPa)
Pe=108.77 kN
Actual Load
P=2.41 kN < P=108.77 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 125 x 90 x 13 for Bottom Chord.

DESIGN OF DIAGONAL MEMBER

Critical Member (LB)
Force@ LB=1.34 kN (C) L=.5 m (Length of Member LB)

Try L50 x 50 x 50
Properties:
kg
Theoretical Mass=4.43 E=200GPa
m
Area=572mm 2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =.13× 106 mm4 I y− y =0.206 ×10 6 mm 4
S x =3.670 ×103 mm3 S y =3.67× 103 mm3

35
r x =70.00 mm r y =24.0 mm

Check Slenderness Ratio

kL ( 0.65 ) (.5 ) (1000)
= = 13.54
r 24.00 mm
2 2 3
CC = 2❑ E = 2❑ (200 x 10 ) = 126.17
√Fy √
248
kL
Therefore, < CC .
r

Allowable Stress
3
kL kL

3 8 Cc ( ) ( )
FS = 5 + 3 r − 1 r
8 Cc
3
5 3 13.54 1 13.54
FS = + (− ) (
3 8 126.17 8 126.17 )
FS = 1.71
kL
Fy
Fa = [1- 1 ( r )]2[ ]
FS
2 Cc
1 13.54 2 248 MPa
Fa = [1- ( )] [ ]
2 126.17 1.71
Fa = 144.19 MPa

Allowable Load
P= AFa
P=(572 mm2)(144.19 MPa)
P=82.48 kN

Actual Load
P=1.34 kN < P=121.68 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 50 x 50 x 6 for Diagonal Member.

DESIGN OF VERTICAL MEMBER

Critical Member (AL)
Force@ AL=72.07 kN (T ) L=.30 m (Length of Member AL)

Try L50 x 50 x 50
Properties:

36
 kg
Theoretical Mass=4.43 E=200GPa
m
Area=572mm 2 fy=248 MPa
I x−x =.13× 106 mm4 I y− y =0.206 ×10 6 mm 4

S x =3.670 ×103 mm3 S y =3.67× 103 mm3

r x =70.00 mm r y =24.0 mm

Allowable Tensile Stress

Fe=0.6 Fy
Fe=0.6(248 MPa)
Fe=148.8 MPa
Allowable Load
Pe=AFe
Pe=(572 mm2)(148.8 MPa)
Pe=85.11 kN

Actual Load
P=72.07 < P=85.11 kN SAFE
Therefore, use L 50 x 50 x 6for Vertical Member.

∑ M A =0
37
RK = 70.06(4) + .13(.4) + .13 (.8) + .13(1.2) + .14(1.6) + .13(2.0) + .11(2.4) + .13(2.8) + .11 (3.2) + .
09(3.6) + .06(4)

RK = 70.89 kN (UPWARD)

∑ F y =0
RK + RA = .13(5) + .14 + .09(2) + .11(2) + .06 + 70.06 + 71.20

70.89+ RA = .13(5) + .14 + .09(2) + .11(2) + .06 + 70.06 + 71.20

RA = 72.11 kN (UPWARD)

DETERMINATION OF FORCE MEMBERS BY METHOD OF JOINTS:

AT JOINT L

∑ F y =0
.3
71.20 + 0.07 + LB ( ) = 72.07
.5

LB = 1.34 kN ( T )

F X =0

.4
LM = LB ( )
.5

LM = 1.07 kN (C)

AT JOINT M

F X =0

LM = MN = 1.07 kN (C)

∑ F y =0
MB = 0.067 kN (C)

AT JOINT B

∑ F y =0
.3 .3
MB + 0.12 = BL ( ) + BN ( )
.5 .5
.3 .3
0.07 + 0.12 = 1.34 ( ) + BN ( )
.5 .5
BN = 1.03 kN (C)

38
 ∑ F X =0
.4 .4
BC = BN ( ) + BL ( )
.5 .5
BC = 1.89 kN (T)

AT JOINT C
∑ F y =0
CN = 0.069 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
CB = CD = 1.90 kN (T)

AT JOINT N
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
0.12 + NC + ND ( )= NB ( )
.5 .5
ND = 0.72 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
.4 .4
NM + NB ( ) + ND ( )= NO
.5 .5
NO = 2.48 kN (C)

AT JOINT O
∑ F y =0
OD = 0.067 kN (C)

∑ F x=0
ON = OP = 2.48 kN (C)

AT JOINT D
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
DO + 0.128 = DN) ( ) + DP ( )
.5 .5
.3 .3
0.07 + 0.12 = 0.72 ( ) + DP ( )
.5 .5
DP = 0.084 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
.4 .4
DC + DN ( ) = DE + DP ( )
.5 .5

39
 .4 .4
1.90 + 0.72 ( ) = DE + 0.084 ( )
.5 .5
EF = DE = 2.41 kN (T)

AT JOINT E
∑ F y =0
EP = 0.07 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
DE = EF = 2.41 kN (T)

AT JOINT P
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
PE + 0.12 + PD ( ) = PF ( )
.5 .5
PF = 0.39 kN (C)
∑ F x=0
.4 .4
OP + PQ = PD ( ) + PF ( )
.5 .5
PQ = 2.09 kN (C)

AT JOINT Q
∑ F y =0
QF = 0.067 kN (C)

∑ F x=0
QP = QR = 2. 09 kN (C)

AT JOINT K
∑ F y =0
KV + 0.057 = 70.89
KV = 70.84 kN (C)

AT JOINT V
∑ F y =0
.3
70.06 + 0.041 = VK + VJ ( )
.5
VJ = 1.22 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
UV = VJ (0.4/0.5)
UV = 0.97 kN (C)

40
AT JOINT U
∑ F y =0
UJ = 0.067 kN (C)

∑ F x=0
UV = TU = 0.97 kN (C)

AT JOINT J
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
UJ + 0.067 = JV ( )+ IT ( )
.5 .5
IT = 0.99 kN (C)

AT JOINT F
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
FR ( ) = FQ + 0.12 + PF ( )
.5 .5
FR = 0.70 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
.4 .4
EF = PF ( ) + FR ( ) + FG
.5 .5
FG = 1.53 kN (T)

AT JOINT G
∑ F y =0
GR = 0.067 kN (T)

∑ F X =0
FG = GH = 1.53 kN (T)

AT JOINT R
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
FR ( )+ GR + 0.077 = RH ( )
.5 .5
RH = 0.94 kN (C)

∑ F x=0
.4 .4
QR + RS = FR ( ) + RH ( )
.5 .5
RS =0.78 kN (C)

AT JOINT S

41
 ∑ F y =0
SH = 0.067 kN (C)

∑ F x=0
RS = ST = 0.78 kN (C)

AT JOINT H
∑ F y =0
.3 .3
0.067 + 0.12 + RH ( ) = TH ( )
.5 .5
TH = 1.25 kN (T)

∑ F x=0
.4 .4
GH = R) ( ) + HL + TH ( )
.5 .5
HI = 0.22 kN

DESIGN OF COLUMN

Use 60x 60 x 6 Angle Bars for Struts

Theoretical Mass = 5.42 kg/m

Load From the Beam (Ry) = 72.11 kN

Actual Load, P

3 W STRUT
P=R Y +
2

3 (9.81)(5.42)
P=72.11 +
2

P=72.19 kN

Try I 150 x 75

Properties:

Theoretical mass = 14.0 kg/m Sy = 13.2 x 103 mm3

Area = 1785 mm2 Sx = 88.8 x 103 mm3

Depth = 150 mm ry = 80mm

Flange width = 75 mm Ix = 6.66 x 106 mm4

42
Flange thickness = 5 mm Iy = 0.5 x 106 mm4

Web thickness = 7 mm ry = 80 mm

Compute for Slenderness Ratio:

Length of Column (L) = 4m

k = 0.80 Fy = 248MPa E = 200GPa

Check Slenderness Ratio

kL ( 0.8 ) ( 4 m ) (1000)
= = 40
r 80 mm
2 2 3
CC = 2❑ E = 2❑ (200 x 10 ) = 126.17
√Fy √
248
kL
Therefore, < CC .
r

Allowable Stress
3
kL kL

3 8 Cc ( ) ( )
FS = 5 + 3 r − 1 r
8 Cc
3
5 3 40 1 40
FS = + (− ) (
3 8 126.17 8 126.17 )
FS = 1.77

1 40 Fy
Fa = [1- ( )]2[ ]
2 Cc FS
1 40 248 MPa
Fa = [1- ( ) ]2 [ ]
2 126.17 1.77
Fa = 133.07 MPa

P = AFa

P = 1785 mm2(133.07 Mpa)

P= 238.67 kN

72.19 kN < 238.67 kN SAFE

Therefore, use I 150 x 75 for column.

43
 DESIGN OF BASE PLATE

A Note: Full area of concrete pier is covered by the base plate.

F p=0.35f'c
F p= ( 0. 35 ) ( 28 MPa )

F p=9.80 MPa
Actual Load of the Column, (P) = 72114.95 N

Required Area:

P
A 1=
FP A 2 =db f
72114. 953 N A 2 =( 150 mm )( 75 mm )
A 1=
9 . 80 MPa
2
A 2 =11250mm 2
A 1 =7358. 67 mm

Therefore , A 1 < A2 .

Δ=(0 . 95 d−0. 80 b f )(0 .5 )

Δ=[ (0 . 95 )(150 mm )−( 0.80 )(75 mm ) ] (0 .5 )

Δ=41 . 25 mm

N= √ A2 +Δ

N= √11250 mm2 +11.025 mm

N=117 .09 mm≈120 mm
Width of the Base Plate

A 1 =BN

A1
B=
N

7358 .67mm 2
B=
170 mm
B=43. 29 mm≈50 mm

44
 Assume that the base plate is square. Therefore B=170 mm .

Thickness of the Base Plate

P
f p=
BN
2
72114.95 mm
f p=
(170mm)(170mm)
f p = 2.50 MPa
2.50 MPa < 9.80 MPa

N=0 . 95 d +2 m
B=0 . 80 bf +2 n

N−0 . 95 d B−0. 80 b f
m= n=
2 2

170 mm−0 .95 (150 mm ) 170 mm−0 . 80(75 mm)

m= n=
2 2
m=13 .75 mm n=55 mm

√ db f fp
n '=
4
t=2 n
√Fy

(150 mm )(75mm) 2.50 MPa

n'= √
4
t=2(55.0mm)
√ 248 MPa
n'=26 .52 mm t=11 . 04 mm≈11 mm

Since m < n, then;

Therefore, use 170mm x 170mm x 11mm base plate.

45
0.026 0.148 0.026

46
47