Chapter 4

VLAN Trunking Protocol

(VTP)

CCNA3-1 Chapter 4

Note for Instructors

• These presentations are the result of a collaboration among

the instructors at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario.
• Thanks must go out to Rick Graziani of Cabrillo College. His
material and additional information was used as a reference
in their creation.
• If anyone finds any errors or omissions, please let me know
at:
• [email protected].

CCNA3-2 Chapter 4
 VLAN Trunking Protocol

VTP Concepts

CCNA3-3 Chapter 4

What is VTP?

• The VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) allows you to simplify the

management of the VLAN database across multiple switches.
switches.

• As the number of switches increases on a small-

small- or medium-
medium-
sized business network, the overall administration required to
manage VLANs and trunks in a network becomes a
challenge.

CCNA3-4 Chapter 4
 What is VTP?

• Simple Network.

Create VLAN 30
Choose interface(s).
Add interface(s) to VLAN 30.

CCNA3-5 Chapter 4

What is VTP?

• How about now?

CCNA3-6 Chapter 4
 What is VTP?

• How does it work?

VTP Server

VLAN 30 VLAN 30

CCNA3-7 Chapter 4

Benefits of VTP

• The VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) allows you to simplify the

management of the VLAN database across multiple switches.
switches.

• Benefits:
• VLAN configuration consistency across the entire
network.
• Accurate tracking and monitoring of VLANs.
• Dynamic reporting of added VLANs across a network.

CCNA3-8 Chapter 4
 VTP Components

• VTP Domain:
• Consists of one or more interconnected switches.
• All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration details
using VTP advertisements.
• Router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of domain.

CCNA3-9 Chapter 4

VTP Components

• VTP Modes:
• Three different modes:
• Server, Client, Transparent

CCNA3-10 Chapter 4
 VTP Components

• VTP Server:
• VTP servers advertise the VTP VLAN information to other
switches in the same VTP domain.
• The server is where VLANs can be created, deleted, or
renamed for the domain.

CCNA3-11 Chapter 4

VTP Components

• VTP Client:
• VTP clients Forward advertisements to other clients.
• You cannot create, change, or delete VLANs.
• You must configure VTP Client mode.

CCNA3-12 Chapter 4
 VTP Components

• VTP Pruning:
• VTP pruning increases network available bandwidth by
restricting flooded traffic to those
trunk links used to reach the
destination devices.
• Without VTP pruning, broadcasts,
multicasts and unknown unicasts
are flooded across all trunk links
within a VTP domain.
• What it means is that the
destination switch does not have
the same VLAN as the switch
that initiates the broadcast.
CCNA3-13 Chapter 4

VLAN Trunking Protocol

VTP Operation

CCNA3-14 Chapter 4
 Default VTP Configuration
The version the switch is
capable of running.
Default is Version 1.

Server Mode

NO
Domain Name

Version 2
Disabled

CCNA3-15 Chapter 4

VTP Domains

• VTP allows you to separate your network into smaller

management domains to help reduce VLAN management.

• A switch can be a
member of only one
VTP domain at a time.

• Until the VTP domain

name is specified, you
cannot create or modify
VLANs on a VTP server,
and VLAN information is not propagated over the network.

CCNA3-16 Chapter 4
 VTP Domains

Two domains
configured.

CCNA3-17 Chapter 4

VTP Domains

• For a VTP server or client switch to participate in a VTP-

VTP-
enabled network, it must be a part of the same domain.
domain.
• Domain name propagation uses three VTP components:
servers, clients, and advertisements.
advertisements.

CCNA3-18 Chapter 4
 VTP Advertising

• VTP Frame Structure:

• VTP advertisements (or messages) distribute VTP
domain name and VLAN configuration changes to VTP-
VTP-
enabled switches.
• The VTP frame is encapsulated in the same manner as
any other tagged frame.

CCNA3-19 Chapter 4

VTP Advertising

• VTP Frame Details:

CCNA3-20 Chapter 4
 VTP Revision Number

• VTP Revision Number (Default Zero):

Zero):
• The configuration revision number is a 32-
32-bit number that
indicates the level of revision for a VTP frame.
• Each time a VLAN is added or removed, the configuration
revision number is incremented.
• Each VTP device tracks the VTP configuration revision
number.
• A VTP domain name change resets the revision number
to zero.
• The revision number plays an important role in enabling VTP
to distribute and synchronize VTP domain and VLAN
configuration information. (More to come)

CCNA3-21 Chapter 4

VTP Advertisement Types

• Summary Advertisement:
• Contains the VTP domain name, the current revision
number, and other VTP configuration details.
• Summary advertisements are sent:
• Every 5 minutes by a VTP server or client to inform
neighboring VTP-
VTP-enabled switches of the current VTP
configuration revision number for its VTP domain.
• Immediately after a configuration change.

CCNA3-22 Chapter 4
 VTP Advertisement Types

• Subset Advertisement:
• A subset advertisement contains VLAN information.
• Changes that trigger the subset advertisement include:
• Creating or deleting a VLAN.
• Suspending or activating a VLAN.
• Changing the name of a VLAN.
• Changing the MTU of a VLAN.

CCNA3-23 Chapter 4

VTP Advertisement Types

• Request Advertisement:
• A request advertisement is sent to a VTP server.
• The VTP server responds to the client by sending a
summary advertisement followed by a subset
advertisement.
• Request advertisements are sent if:
• The VTP domain name has been changed.
• The switch receives a summary advertisement with a
higher configuration revision number than its own.
• A subset advertisement message is missed for some
reason.
• The switch has been reset.

CCNA3-24 Chapter 4
 VTP Advertisement Types

• Details of the formats can be found in the text or in the online

curriculum.
• Summary Advertisement
• Subset advertisement
• Request Advertisement

CCNA3-25 Chapter 4

VTP Modes

• A Cisco switch can be configured in either:

• Server mode
• Client mode
• Transparent mode
• These modes differ in how they are used to manage and
advertise VTP domains and VLANs.

CCNA3-26 Chapter 4
 VTP Modes

• VTP Server Mode:

CCNA3-27 Chapter 4

VTP Modes

• VTP Client Mode:

CCNA3-28 Chapter 4
 VTP Modes

• VTP Transparent Mode:

CCNA3-29 Chapter 4

VTP – Server to Client

CCNA3-30 Chapter 4
 VTP – Server to Transparent to Client

S1 Periodic
S1 Response
Updates

S4
Requests

CCNA3-31 Chapter 4

VTP Pruning

• VTP Pruning:
• Prevents unnecessary flooding of broadcast information
from one VLAN across all trunks in a VTP domain.
• Permits switches to negotiate which VLANs are assigned
to ports at the other end of a trunk and prune the VLANs
that are not assigned to ports on the remote switch.
• Disabled by default.
default.
• Enabled using the vtp pruning global configuration
command.

CCNA3-32 Chapter 4
 VTP Pruning

No pruning

VLAN 10, 20 VLAN 20

Pruning enabled on S1
CCNA3-33 Chapter 4

VLAN Trunking Protocol

Configure VTP

CCNA3-34 Chapter 4
 Configuring VTP

• Configuration Guidelines:

CCNA3-35 Chapter 4

Configuring VTP

• VTP Server Configuration:

Adding a name to a VLAN is

considered a revision.
3 VLANs + 3 Names = 6

CCNA3-36 Chapter 4
 Configuring VTP

• VTP Client Configuration:

CCNA3-37 Chapter 4

Configuring VTP

• Connect the Devices and Verify VTP:

CCNA3-38 Chapter 4
 Configuring VTP

• Add the workstations to the appropriate VLAN.

• Use the show vlan brief command to verify.

CCNA3-39 Chapter 4

Troubleshooting VTP Configurations

CCNA3-40 Chapter 4
 Troubleshooting VTP Configurations

Incorrect VTP Domain Name

Update

Not
updated

CCNA3-41 Chapter 4

Troubleshooting VTP Configurations

All switches set to Client

mode.

On a reboot,
reboot, all VLAN configurations
configurations
are lost.
lost. VTP clients do not store the
configuration in NVRAM.
CCNA3-42 Chapter 4
 Troubleshooting VTP Configurations

Incorrect Revision Number

CCNA3-43 Chapter 4

Managing VLANs on a VTP Server

CCNA3-44 Chapter 4