SARDAR RAJA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ALANGULAM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
SUBJECT OUT LINE

SUBJECT : MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

CODE : EC 54
YEAR : III
SEM :V

Mrs. S.MUPPUDATHI SUTHA

AP / ECE
EC54 - MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LTPC 3104

AIM: To learn the architecture, programming, interfacing and rudiments of system design of
microprocessors and microcontrollers.

OBJECTIVES:
 To introduce microprocessors and basics of system design using microprocessors.
 To introduce h/w architecture, instruction set and programming of 8085 microprocessor.
 To introduce the h/w architecture, instruction set and programming of 8086
microprocessor.
 To introduce the peripheral interfacing of microprocessors.
 To introduce through case studies, the system design principles using 8085 and 8086.
 To introduce the h/w architecture, instruction set, programming and interfacing of
8051 microcontroller.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Krishna Kant, “MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS Architecture,
programming and system design using 8085, 8086, 8051 and 8096”. PHI 2007.
2. Douglas V Hall, “MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING, PROGRAMMING AND
HARDWARE” TMH, 2006.

REFERENCES
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.MCKinlay The 8051Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Education 2008.
2. Kenneth J. Ayala, “The 8086 Microprocessor: Programming & Interfacing The PC”, Delmar
Publishers, 2007.
3. A K Ray, K M Bhurchandi, Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals, TMH, 2007.
EC54 - MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LTPC 3104

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION TO 8 BIT AND 16 BIT MICROPROCESSORS – H/W

ARCHITECTURE 9
Introduction to microprocessor, computer and its organization, Programming system, Address
bus, data bus and control bus, Tristate bus, clock generation, Connecting Microprocessor to I/O devices ,
Data transfer schemes, Architectural advancements of microprocessors. Introductory System design using
microprocessors, 8086 – Hardware Architecture, External memory addressing, Bus cycles, some
important Companion Chips, Maximum mode bus cycle, 8086 system configuration, Memory Interfacing,
Minimum mode system configuration, Maximum mode system configuration, Interrupt processing, Direct
memory access.

UNIT II 16 BIT MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTION SET AND ASSEMBLY

LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING 9
Programmer’s model of 8086, operand types, operand addressing, assembler directives,
instruction set - Data transfer group, Arithmetic group, logical group, control transfer group,
miscellaneous instruction groups, programming.

UNIT III MICROPROCESSOR PERIPHERAL INTERFACING 9

Introduction, Generation of I/O Ports, Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)-Intel 8255,
Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Multiplexer, Keyboard and Display Interface, Keyboard and Display
Controller (8279), Programmable Interval timers (Intel 8253, 8254), D-to-A converter, A-to-D converter,
CRT Terminal Interface, Printer Interface.

UNIT IV 8 BIT MICROCONTROLLER- H/W ARCHITECTURE, INSTRUCTION

SET AND PROGRAMMING 9
Introduction to 8051 Micro-controller, Architecture, Memory organization, Special function
registers, Port Operation, Memory Interfacing, I/O Interfacing, Programming 8051 resources, interrupts,
Programmer’s model of 8051, Operand types, Operand addressing, Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic
instructions, Logic instructions, Control transfer instructions, Programming

UNIT V SYSTEM DESIGN USING MICRO PROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLER 9

Case studies – Traffic light control, washing machine control, RTC Interfacing using I2C
Standard- Motor Control- Relay, PWM, DC & Stepper Motor.
L: 45, T: 15, Total= 60 Periods
 T/R
Week Page A /V
Hours Topic Book
No. No. class
No.

Unit I – Introduction to 8 bit and 16 bit microprocessors – H/W architecture

Introduction to microprocessor, computer and

1 17-28
its organization
2 Programming system 29-34
I Address bus, data bus and control bus,
3 35-37
Tristate bus, clock generation
4 Connecting Microprocessor to I/O devices 38-39
5 Data transfer schemes 40-44
Architectural advancements of
6 45-53
microprocessors
Introductory System design using T1
7 microprocessors
54-71
II
8 8086 – Hardware Architecture 127-141 Yes
9 External memory addressing 142-144
10 Bus cycles, some important Companion Chips 146-158
Maximum mode bus cycle, 8086 system
11 configuration
159-163
12 Memory Interfacing 164-168
III
Minimum mode system configuration, Maximum
13 mode system configuration, Interrupt processing
169-176
14 Direct memory access 177-180

Unit II - 16 Bit Microprocessor Instruction Set And Assembly Language Programming

15 III Programmer’s model of 8086 185-186 Yes

16 operand types 187
17 operand addressing 188-196
18 IV assembler directives 197-202
19 instruction set 203
20 Data transfer group T1 204-212
21 Arithmetic group 213-223
22 logical group 224-233
23 V control transfer group 234-240
24 miscellaneous instruction groups 241-242
25 8086 programming 243-244

Unit III - Microprocessor Peripheral Interfacing

26 VI Introduction, Generation of I/O Ports T1 245-248

27 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)-Intel 249-255 Yes
 8255
28 Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Multiplexer 256-260
29 VI Keyboard and Display Interface 261-280
30 Keyboard and Display Controller (8279) 281-312
31 Programmable Interval timers (Intel 8253, 8254) 313-334
T1
32 D-to-A converter 335-344
33 VII A-to-D converter 345-356
34 CRT Terminal Interface 357-359
35 Printer Interface 360-366

Unit IV - 8 Bit Microcontroller- H/W Architecture, Instruction Set And Programming

36 Introduction to 8051 Micro-controller 418

37 Architecture 419 Yes
38 VIII Memory organization 420-423
39 Special function registers 424-437
40 Port Operation 438-441
41 Memory Interfacing 442-446
42 I/O Interfacing 447-449
43 IX Programming 8051 resources 450-464
44 interrupts T1 465-470
45 Programmer’s model of 8051 482-486
46 Operand types 487
47 Operand addressing 488
48 X Data transfer instructions 494-498
49 Arithmetic instructions 499-503
50 Logic instructions 504-509
51 Control transfer instructions 510-518
XI
52 Programming 519-520

Unit V - System Design Using Micro Processor & Microcontroller

53 Case studies – Traffic light control 521-538

54 XI washing machine control 539-559
55 RTC Interfacing using I2C Standard 539-559
56 Motor Control- Relay 539-559
57 PWM T1 479
58 DC & Stepper Motor 539-559 Yes
59 XII Programming 521-538
60 Programming 539-545
61 Programming 546-559

T1: Krishna Kant, “MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS Architecture,

programming and system design using 8085, 8086, 8051 and 8096”. PHI 2007.
 ASSIGNMENT- I

1. How does X86 generate physical address?

2. What do you meant by maximum and minimum mode in 8086?
3. Discuss in detail about 8086 architecture with its neat figure.
4. Discuss the bus structure in 8086.

ASSIGNMENT- II

1. Distinguish between MOV and MOVS instruction.

2. List the possible offset registers are used to read a data segment.
3. Explain various addressing modes supported by X86 processor with suitable examples.
Also explain assembler directives.

ASSIGNMENT- III

1. Define the term “segment over ride prefix” with example.

2. Why do you need N key roll over and N key lock out mechanism in Keyboard
Peripheral?
3. Explain the architecture of programmable peripheral interface with neat sketch.
4. Explain the architecture of 8279 with neat sketch.

ASSIGNMENT- IV

1. Distinguish between Vonneuman and Harvard architecture.

2. What is an assembler directive?
3. Discuss the 8051 architecture with neat sketch.
4. Explain the timer peripherals present in 8051.

ASSIGNMENT- V

1. Why do need RTC as a separate chip set?

2. List few advantage of PWM over existing techniques.
3. Discuss the design on DC motor control using PWM. Show proper hardware diagram and
neat flowchart.
 QUESTION BANK

Unit I - Introduction to 8 Bit and 16 Bit Microprocessors – H/W Architecture

Part – A

1. Draw the block diagram of a Computer Organization.

2. What is the function of ALU?
3. Define memory in a computer organization.
4. What is the function of Control Unit?
5. Define Stack and write the function of Stack pointer.
6. What is meant by an instruction cycle?
7. What are types of Instruction Format?
8. What are the types of addressing modes?
9. What are the types of instruction set?
10. What is meant by assembler directives?
11. Differentiate Assembler & Compiler.
12. Differentiate Microprocessor & Microcontroller.
13. Define an Address bus.
14. Define a Data bus.
15. Define a Control bus.
16. Draw the symbol of a tristate logic gate.
17. How do you categorize Data Transfer Schemes?
18. What is the importance of pipelining?
19. Define cache memory.
20. Write the priority structure for various interrupts in 8086.

Part – B

1. Explain the functions of various blocks in a computer organization.

2. Explain the programming system with examples.
3. Explain the I/O mapped I/O interface & memory mapped I/O interface with neat
diagram.
4. Explain the Data Transfer Schemes with neat diagram.
5. Explain the Architectural advancements of Microprocessors in detail.
6. Explain the Intel 8086 internal architecture with neat diagram.
7. Explain the External memory addressing & Bus cycles of 8086 microprocessor.
8. Explain the maximum mode bus cycle & system configuration of 8086 microprocessor.
9. Explain the memory interfacing of 8086 microprocessor.
10. Explain the Interrupt processing in 8086 microprocessor.
11. Write short note on DMA.
Unit II - 16 Bit Microprocessor Instruction Set and Assembly Language Programming

Part – A

1. What is the function of Instruction Pointer?

2. What are the operand types in 8086?
3. What are addressing modes supported in 8086?
4. What is the use of LABEL directive in 8086?
5. What is the use of PROC and ENDP directives in 8086?
6. What is the directive END does in 8086?
7. Write the instruction format for Immediate operand to memory with 16-bit
displacement in 8086.
8. Write the instruction format for Immediate operand to register in 8086.
9. Write instruction format for Register to/from memory with displacement in 8086.
10. Write any two data transfer instruction of 8086 with example.
11. Write any two Arithmetic instructions of 8086 with example.
12. Write any two Logical instructions of 8086 with example.
13. Write any two Control Transfer instructions of 8086 with example.
14. Write any two Miscellaneous instructions of 8086 with example.
15. Write the function of IDIV instruction.
16. Write instruction of 8086 for an unconditional jump.
17. Write the function of JPO, JNO, JNC & JNZ instructions in 8086.
18. Write the operation of LOCK instruction in 8086.
19. Write the operation of WAIT / FWAIT instruction in 8086.
20. Write the operation of IRET instruction in 8086.

Part – B

1. Explain the programmer’s model of INTEL 8086.

2. Explain the operand addressing and the addressing modes of 8086 with example.
3. Explain the 8086 assembler directives with example.
4. Explain the formats of 8086 instructions and explain the data transfer instructions in
detail.
5. Explain the Arithmetic instructions of 8086 with example.
6. Explain the Logical instructions of 8086 with example.
7. Explain the Control Transfer instructions of 8086 with example.
8. Explain the Miscellaneous instructions of 8086 with example.
9. Two memory locations R1 and R2 store 07H & 3FH respectively. Write an ALP in
8086 to exchange the values in these memory locations without using the exchange
instruction.
10. Write an ALP in 8086 to divide a 16-bit number by an 8-bit number.
 Unit III - Microprocessor Peripheral Interfacing

Part – A

1. What are the support IC chips used for peripheral interfacing with 8086
microprocessor?
2. Define a port.
3. Define an input port.
4. Define an output port.
5. Define a control word.
6. Draw the control word format of the 8255 PPI.
7. What are the different operation modes possible in 8255?
8. Give the application of multiplexer & sample & hold circuit.
9. Draw the keyboard – microprocessor interface software flowchart.
10. What is meant by hardware & software debouncing?
11. Define a LED.
12. What is meant by parallel interface between the seven-segment LED display and the
microprocessor?
13. What is meant by serial interface between the seven-segment LED display and the
microprocessor?
14. What is 2-key lockout and N-key rollover?
15. What are the display modes supported by the 8279 chip?
16. Give the format of program clock word of 8279 and mention its purpose.
17. What are the different operation modes possible in 8253 / 8254?
18. What is the function of D-to-A converter?
19. Draw the configuration of an ADC chip.
20. Define baud rate.

Part – B

1. Explain the Generation of I/O Ports with neat diagram.

2. Explain the Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)-Intel 8255 with neat diagram.
3. Explain the Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Multiplexer with neat diagram.
4. Explain the interfacing of Keyboard and LED Display with the microprocessor in
detail.
5. Explain the functions of INTEL 8279 with neat diagram.
6. Explain the functions of INTEL 8253 with neat diagram.
7. Explain the functions of INTEL 8254 with neat diagram.
8. Explain the D-to-A converter in detail.
9. Explain the A-to-D converter in detail.
10. Write short notes on i) CRT Terminal Interface ii) Printer Interface.
Unit IV - 8 Bit Microcontroller- H/W Architecture, Instruction Set and Programming

Part-A

1. Give the application of the 8051 microcontroller.

2. Draw the block diagram of 8051.
3. What is meant by Idle Mode & Power Down Mode?
4. What is the function of B register in 8051?
5. Draw the PORT 0 configuration in 8051.
6. Draw the PORT 1 configuration in 8051.
7. Draw the PORT 2 configuration in 8051.
8. Draw the PORT 3 configuration in 8051.
9. What are the signals required to be generated to interface a memory chip to the
microprocessor?
10. What are the steps involved in multiprocessor communication?
11. What are the interrupt sources available in 8051?
12. Give the interrupt priority in 8051.
13. Give the format of Interrupt Control Registers.
14. Define PSW.
15. Write the format of the PSW.
16. What are the operand types supported by 8051?
17. What are the addressing modes of 8051?
18. Write any two Data Transfer instructions of 8051 with example.
19. Write any two Arithmetic instructions of 8051 with example.
20. Write any two Logic instructions of 8051 with example.
21. Write any two Control Transfer instructions of 8051 with example.

Part-B

1. Explain the architecture of 8051 with neat diagram.

2. Explain the memory organization of 8051 with neat diagram.
3. Explain the special function registers of 8051 with examples.
4. Explain the port operations in 8051 with neat diagram.
5. Write short note on memory interfacing.
6. Explain the I/O interfacing in 8051 microcontroller.
7. Explain the functions of the timers/counters and serial interface present in 8051.
8. Explain the Interrupts of 8051 with example.
9. Explain the Programmer’s model of 8051 with neat diagram.
10. Write short notes on
i) Operand addressing in 8051 (8)
ii) Data transfer instructions of 8051 (8)
11. Explain the Arithmetic instructions & Logic instructions of 8051 with example.
12. Explain the Control Transfer instructions of 8051 with example.
 Unit V - System Design Using Micro Processor & Microcontroller

Part-A

1. Draw the switching circuit based on Reed relay.

2. Draw the switching circuit based on TRIAC.
3. Define piezo-resistive effect.
4. Draw the block diagram of stepper motor control by microprocessor.
5. What is the function of I2C bus?
6. What are the features of I2C bus?
7. Write the I2C signals.
8. What are the modes of I2C bus?
9. What are the features of fast-mode I2C bus?
10. What are the advantages of I2C bus?
11. What are the disadvantages of I2C bus?
12. Write the applications of I2C bus.
13. Why do you need RTC as a separate chip set?
14. List few advantage of PWM over existing techniques.
15. Define Contactors.
16. Mention the applications of DC motor.

Part-B

1. With neat block diagram explain about Traffic Light Control.

2. With neat block diagram explain the operation of Washing Machine Control.
3. With neat diagram explain the operation of Stepper Motor Control.
4. Explain the features of the I2 C Bus standard in detail.
5. Discuss the design on 8051 based real time clock using separate RTC chipset with I2C
protocol. Show proper hardware diagram and neat flowchart.
6. Discuss the design on dc motor control using PWM. Show proper hardware diagram
and neat flowchart.