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SQL Assignment 5

This document contains 15 SQL queries related to joining tables in Oracle. The queries retrieve employee data from tables like employees, departments, locations and job grades using various types of joins like natural join, inner join, left outer join and more. The document also explains concepts like Cartesian products, non-equi joins and advantages of qualifying column names with table names.

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abhi
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27 views

SQL Assignment 5

This document contains 15 SQL queries related to joining tables in Oracle. The queries retrieve employee data from tables like employees, departments, locations and job grades using various types of joins like natural join, inner join, left outer join and more. The document also explains concepts like Cartesian products, non-equi joins and advantages of qualifying column names with table names.

Uploaded by

abhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Assignment 5

1. Write a query for the HR department to produce the addresses of all the departments.

Use the LOCATIONS and COUNTRIES tables. Show the location ID, street

address, city, state or province, and country in the output. Use a NATURAL JOIN to

produce the results.

Select e.location_id,e.street_address,e.city,e.state_province “state or

province”,d.country_name “country” from locations e,countries d where

e.country_id=d.country_id;

Select location_id,street_address,city,state_province "state or

province",country_name “country” from locations natural join countries;

2. When Cartesian product is formed in Oracle Join and how to avoid it?

Cartesian product or cross join is formed when join condition is omitted or join

condition is invalid .In order to avoid it, we need to include a valid join condition;

3. When Cartesian products are useful in Oracle?

To test the performance of DBMS, we need to generate a large number of rows to

form big amount of data;

4. The HR department needs a report of all employees. Write a query to display the last

name, department number, and department name for all employees.

select e.last_name,e.department_id “department number”,d.department_name

“department name” from employees e,departments d where

e.department_id=d.department_id;
5. The HR department needs a report of employees in Toronto. Display the last name,

job, department number, and department name for all employees who work in

Toronto.

select e.last_name,e.department_id,d.department_name from employees

e,departments d,locations l where e.department_id = d.department_id and

d.location_id = l.location_id and l.city='TORONTO';

6. Additional restrictions can be implemented by using a WHERE clause on a

NATURAL join (TRUE/FALSE).

TRUE

7. Create a report to display the last name and employee number of employees along

with their manager’s last name and manager number. Label the columns Employee,

Emp#, Manager, and Mgr#, respectively.

select e.last_name "Employee",e.employee_id "Emp#",m.last_name

"Manager",m.employee_id "Mgr#" f rom employees e,employees m where e.

manager_id =m. employee_id;

8. What is the need to qualify the names of the columns with the table name in joining?

We needed to qualify the names of columns with table names in order to avoid

ambiguity.

Ex. without table prefixes locaton_id can be from locations or countries creating

ambiguity.

9. What is non-equi join in Oracle? Explain with appropriate example.

A nonequijoin in Oracle is something that containing operator other than equality

operator (=).
Ex.Salary coloumn in employees table must be between lowest_salary and

highest_salary coloumns in job_grades table,here operator used is BETWEEN.

10.Create a report for the HR department that displays employee last names, department

numbers, and all the employees who work in the same department as a given employee.

Give each column an appropriate label.


SELECT e.department_id department, e.last_name employee, c.last_name colleague

FROM employees e JOIN employees c

ON (e.department_id = c.department_id)

WHERE e.employee_id <> c.employee_id

ORDER BY e.department_id, e.last_name, c.last_name;

11. Differentiate between LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN.

LEFT OUTER JOIN returns matched rows from joined tables and unmatched rows

from the left table where as RIGHT OUTER JOIN returns matched rows from joined

tables and unmatched rows from right table;

12. What can be the maximum length of a table alias in table joining?

30 Characters.

13. The NATURAL JOIN and USING clauses are mutually inclusive (TRUE/FALSE).

False.

14. What is FUL OUTER JOIN in Oracle?

FUL OUTER JOIN returns matched rows from both the joined tables and unmatched

rows from either table. It combines the results from both LEFT OUTER JOIN and

RIGHT OUTER JOIN.

15. The HR department needs to find the names and hire dates for all employees who were

hired before their managers, along with their managers’ names and hire dates.
select e.first_name ||' '||e.last_name "name",e.hire_date, m.first_name ||' '||m.last_name

"mname",m.hire_date from employees e,employees m where

(e.employee_id=m.manager_id) and (e.hire_date<m.hire _date);

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