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Manganin: Manganin Is A Trademarked Name For An Alloy of Typically 84%

Manganin is an alloy typically composed of 84% copper, 12% manganese, and 4% nickel. It has a virtually zero temperature coefficient of resistance and is used in resistors and electrical applications where stable resistance is needed like ammeters. Manganin has good stability, low strain sensitivity, and high pressure sensitivity making it useful for electrical and cryogenic applications as well as shock wave studies.

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48 views3 pages

Manganin: Manganin Is A Trademarked Name For An Alloy of Typically 84%

Manganin is an alloy typically composed of 84% copper, 12% manganese, and 4% nickel. It has a virtually zero temperature coefficient of resistance and is used in resistors and electrical applications where stable resistance is needed like ammeters. Manganin has good stability, low strain sensitivity, and high pressure sensitivity making it useful for electrical and cryogenic applications as well as shock wave studies.

Uploaded by

samridh gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Manganin

Manganin is a trademarked name for an alloy of typically 84%


copper, 12% manganese, and 4% nickel. It was first developed by
Manganin
Edward Weston in 1892, improving upon his Constantan (1887).

Manganin foil and wire is used in the manufacture of resistors,


particularly ammeter shunts, because of its virtually zero
temperature coefficient of resistance value[2] and long term stability.
Several Manganin resistors served as the legal standard for the ohm
in the United States from 1901 to 1990.[3] Manganin wire is also
used as an electrical conductor in cryogenic systems, minimizing
heat transfer between points which need electrical connections.
A manganin resistor made in 1900
Manganin is also used in gauges for studies of high-pressure shock at the Bushy House physic
waves (such as those generated from the detonation of explosives) laboratory.
because it has low strain sensitivity but high hydrostatic pressure Type Copper-
sensitivity.[4]
manganese alloy
Physical properties
Density (ρ) 8.4 g/cm3
Contents
Mechanical properties
History
Tensile 300–600 MPa
Properties strength (σt)
Cu86/Mn12/Ni2
Elongation (ε) <50%
References at break
External links Izod impact 107 J/m
strength
Thermal properties
History
Melting 1020 °C
In 1887 Edward Weston discovered that metals can have a negative temperature
temperature coefficient of resistance, inventing what he called his (Tm)
"Alloy No. 2." It was produced in Germany where it was renamed Thermal 22 W/(m·K)
"Constantan".[5] conductivity
In 1892 Weston had finally completed his discovery of an alloy of (k) at 23 °C
copper, nickel, and manganese prepared by a complicated series of Linear thermal (14–19) × 10−6 K−1
heat-treatments. In May, 1893, he received a basic patent on the expansion
composition, manufacture, and use of the material for electrical coefficient (α)
resistors. Production was carried out in Germany, and it became
Specific heat 0.097 cals/gm
known as "Manganin". The availability of a practical conductive
metal with an extremely constant resistance over the range of capacity (c)
ordinary temperatures was a great advance in electrical technology Electrical properties
and equipment design, but Weston did not receive general
Volume 43–48 μΩ⋅cm
recognition for this.[6]
resistivity (ρ)
Source[1]
Properties

Cu86/Mn12/Ni2

Electrical Properties

Temperature coefficient: 1.5 × 10−5 K−1

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of elasticity: 124–159 GPa


Maximum use temperature in air: 300 °C

Cu84/Mn12/Ni4[7]
Temperature [°C] coefficient of resistivity
12 +.000006
25 .000000
100 −.000042
250 −.000052
475 .000000
500 +.00011

Resistance of Wires at 20 °C[8]


AWG ohms per cm ohms per ft
10 .000836 0.0255
12 .00133 0.0405
14 .00211 0.0644
16 .00336 0.102
18 .00535 0.163
20 .00850 0.259
22 .0135 0.412
24 .0215 0.655
26 .0342 1.04
27 .0431 1.31
28 .0543 1.66
30 .0864 2.63
32 .137 4.19
34 .218 6.66
36 .347 10.6
40 .878 26.8
References
1. "Manganin 230 Shunt Wire" (http://www.calfinewire.com/datasheets/100115-manganin230shu
nt.html). California Fine Wire Co. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
2. "Goodfellow Technical Information Manganin® - Resistance Alloy" (http://www.goodfellow.com/
catalogue/GFCat2H.php?ewd_token=09GRBJvlw6lL5lDbZC1qWnos3v9ad5&n=kCvbg9HE4E
Qs6Xg56ttKPuupoT1SdP&ewd_urlNo=GFCat2L3&Head=CU06). www.goodfellow.com.
Retrieved 2016-09-11.
3. "Stability of Double-Walled Manganin Resistors" (https://web.archive.org/web/2006100612524
3/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/sp958-lide/063-065.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (htt
p://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/sp958-lide/063-065.pdf) (PDF) on 2006-10-06. Retrieved
2007-04-30.
4. "Special Use Sensors—Manganin Pressure Sensor" (2015) Data Sheet - Micro Measurements
- Vishay Precision Group, Inc. (http://www.vishaypg.com/docs/11524/manganin.pdf)
5. National Electrical Manufacturers Association. A chronological history of electrical
development from 600 B.C. (https://archive.org/details/chronologicalhis00natirich) New York,
N.Y., National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
6. Woodbury, David O. (1949). A Measure for Greatness; A Short Biography of Edward Weston
(https://archive.org/details/measureforgreatn001419mbp). New York, Toronto, London:
McGraw-Hill.
7. CRC Handbook 27th ed. Feb 1943. p. 1875.
8. CRC Handbook 27th ed. Feb 1943. p. 2485.

External links
Isabellenhütte - 1889 Manganin (https://archive.is/20071130230852/http://www.isabellenhuett
e.de/en/research-development/)

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