Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet #1

Domain & Range

1. Sketch the following functions and find the domain and range:
1
i. f ( x) 
x2
x
ii. g ( x) 
x
iii. h( x)  x 2  2
iv. k ( x)  4  x 2

Find out the domain and range of the following functions:

1
1. f ( x)  10. f ( x)  2 x  4
x3

1
2. f ( x)  x 2  9 11. f ( x) 
5x  7

3. f ( x)  9  x 2 12. f ( x)   x 2  7 x  10


2 x  6 ,3  x  0 x 2 , x  0
 
4. f ( x)  6 ,0  x  2 13. f ( x)   x ,0  x  1
2 x  6 , 2  x  5 1
  ,x 1
x
x
5. f ( x)  14. f ( x)  x 2  5x  6
x

6. f ( x)  x 3  2 15. f ( x)  Sin 2 x

x  2 , x  1  x2 1
 3  , x 1
7. f ( x)   x , x 1 16. f ( x)   x  1
 x  3 , x  1 2 ,x 1
 

8. f ( x)  e x 17. f ( x)  log x

9. f ( x)  3Sinx 18. f ( x)  ln( x 2  1)

Sketch the above functions.

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet #2

Limit

Find the limit of the following functions:

x 2 x 2  5x  2
1. lim 2. lim
x 2 5 x 2  7 x  6
x 0
x 1 1
x 2  1 , x  0
 3x  1 , x  1
3. f ( x)  1 ,x  0 4. f ( x)  
1  x 3  x , x  1
 ,x  0
Find lim f ( x) Find lim f ( x)
x0 x1

x 3x  5
5. lim 6. lim
x 0 x x  6 x  8

2  x , x  1  x
 2 , 1  x  0
7. f ( x)   2 8. f ( x)  e
x  1 , x  1  x 2
,0  x  2
Find lim f ( x) Find lim f ( x)
x1 x 0

 1
x  2 , x  2
x 2 ,x 1
 
9. f ( x)   x 2  5 ,2  x  3 10. f ( x)  2.4 ,x 1
 x 2  1 , x  1
 x  13 ,x  3 

Find lim f ( x) and lim f ( x) Does lim f ( x) exist?
x 2 x3 x1

x 
x
 1
11. lim 6
 5x 3  x 3 12. Prove that lim 1    e
x  x 
 x

3x  5 4x 2  x
13. lim 3 14. lim
x  6x  8 x   2 x 3  5

2 x  1 , x  1
15. Let f ( x)   , find lim f ( x) .
3  x , x  1 x1

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 3

Continuity and Differentiability

a) Test the continuity of the following functions:

 cos x, x  0  1 ,x  0
1. f ( x)   at x  0 . 
 cos x, x  0 6. f ( x)   1  sin x ,0  x   / 2
2  ( x   / 2) 2 , x   / 2
 x cos(1 / x), x  0 
2. f ( x)   at x  0. at x  0 and x   / 2.
 0 ,x  0
 x sin(1 / x) , x  0
e1 / x , x  0 7. f ( x)   at x  0.
3. f ( x)   at x  0.  0 ,x  0
1 , x  0
 x3
 x  ,x  3
 2 8. f ( x)   x  3 at x  3.
4. f ( x)  e ,1  x  0 at x  0.  0 ,x  3
 x 2 ,0  x  2 

9. f ( x)  x  x  1 at x  0 and x  1.
  1 
( x  a) sin   ,x  a
5. f ( x)   xa at x  a. (1  x)1 / x , x  0
 ,x  a 10. f ( x)   at x  0.
 0
 1 ,x  0

b) Test the differentiability of the following functions:

 x 2 cos(1 / x) , x  0 3. f ( x)  x at x  0.
1. f ( x)   at x  0.
 0 ,x  0

 x 2 sin(1 / x) , x  0
2. f ( x)   at x  0.
 0 ,x  0


 x  16 x , x  9
2

(c) Let f ( x)   . Is f(x) continuous at x  9 ? Determine whether f (x) is


12 x ,x  9
differentiable at x  9 .


x , x  1
2

(d) Let f ( x)   . Is f (x) continuous at x  1? Determine whether f (x) is


 x , x  1
differentiable at x  1.

x 2  1 , x  1
(e) Show that f ( x)   is neither continuous nor differentiable at x  1. Also
 x ,x 1
sketch the graph of f (x) .

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 4

Techniques of Differentiation

dy
1. Find the differential coefficients of the following functions with respect to x. (i.e. ).
dx

(i ) y  sin x sin 2 x sin 3x, (ii ) y  cos ec 3 x, (iii ) y  cos 2 x cos 3x, (iv ) y  sin 1 ( x 2 ),
1 x  1  1  x   2x 
2
, (vii) cos  , (viii ) sin 1 
1 1
(v) y  tan(sin x), (vi) cot  2  2 
,
1 x  1 x  1 x 
 2x   x   1 x  1  cos x
(ix ) tan 1  , ( x ) tan 1
 , ( xi ) sin  2 tan 1 , ( xii ) ln .
1 x 
2      
 1 x   1 x  1 cos x
2

2. Find the differential coefficients of:

(i)(sin x) ln x , (ii ) (sin x)cos x  (cos x)sin x .

dy
3. Find in the following cases:
dx

(i) 3x 4  x 2 y  2 y 3  0, (ii ) x 3  y 3  4 x 2 y  25  0, (iii ) x y  y x .

dy
4. Find when
dx

(i) x  a cos 3  , y  a sin 3  , (ii ) x  sin 2  , y  tan , (iii ) x  a sec 2  , y  a tan 2  .

5. Differentiate the left-side functions with respect to the right-side ones:

1 x2   2x  1
(i) cos 1   with respect to tan 1 
2  2 
(ii ) x sin ( x ) with respect to sin 1 x.
1 x  1 x 

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 5

Maxima and minima

1. Find (a) the open intervals on which f is increasing , (b) the open intervals on which f
is decreasing, (c) the open intervals on which f is concave up, (d) ) the open intervals
on which f is concave down and (e) the x- coordinate of all inflection points.

(i) f ( x)  x 2  5 x  6 (ii ) f ( x)  5  12 x  x 3
x2
(iii ) f ( x)  x  8 x  16
4 2
(iv ) f ( x)  2 (v ) f ( x )  3 x  2 .
x 2
2. Locate the critical numbers and identify which critical numbers correspond to
stationary points.

(i ) f ( x)  x 3  3x 2  9 x  1 (ii ) f ( x)  x 4  6 x 2  3
x
(iii ) f ( x)  (iv ) f ( x)  x 2 / 3
x 22

(v) f ( x)  x1 / 3 ( x  4) (vi) f ( x)  cos 3x.

3. Find the relative extrema (maxima/ minima) using both the first and second derivative
tests.
x
(i) f ( x)  2 x 3  9 x 2  12 x (ii ) f ( x)   sin x, 0  x  2 .
2
4. Use the given derivative to find all critical numbers of f and determine whether a
relative maximum, relative minimum, or neither occurs there.
x2 1
(i) f ( x)  x 3 ( x 2  5) (ii ) f ( x)  .
x2 1

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 6

Successive Differentiation

a. Find the n th derivative of the following functions:

1. y  x n
2. y  (ax  b) n
3. y  ln( ax  b)
1
4. y 
xa
5. y  e ax
6. y  sin( ax  b)
7. y  cos(ax  b)

b. If y  e ax sin bx, then show that y 2  2ay1  (a 2  b 2 ) y  0.

c. If y  e x sin x, then show that y 4  4 y  0.

Rolle’s and Mean Value Theorem

a. Verify the hypothesis of Rolle’s Theorem for the following functions:
1. f ( x)  x 2  6 x  8; [2, 4]
2. f ( x)  cos x; [ / 2, 3 / 2]
x
3. f ( x)   x ; [0, 4].
2
b. Verify the hypothesis of Mean Value Theorem for the following functions:
1. f ( x)  x 3  x  4; [1, 2]
2. f ( x)  x  1; [0, 3]
3. f ( x)  25  x 2 ; [0, 5].

Maclaurin and Taylor Series

1. Find the Taylor series for the following functions:


(i) sin x, at x0  . (ii ) ln x , at x0  2 .
2
2. Expand y  ln x in the power of x  2 and y  e ax in the power of x  1 .

3. Find the Maclaurin series for the function e ax and cos x .

4. Find the Maclaurin polynomial p0 , p1 , p2 , p3 for e x cos x .
5. Expand y  ln( x  1) , y  sin x , y  cos x in the power of x.

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 7

Leibnitz’s Theorem

1. If y  tan 1 x , then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  2(n  1) xy n1  n(n  1) y n  0.

2. If y  cot 1 x, then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  2(n  1) xy n1  n(n  1) y n  0.

3. If y 1  x 2  sin 1 x , then show that (1  x 2 ) y n1  (2n  1) xy n  n 2 y n1  0.

1
4. If y  e tan x
, then show that (1  x 2 ) y n2  (2nx  2 x  1) y n1  n(n  1) y n  0.
1
5. If y  e m sin x
, then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  (n 2  m 2 ) y n  0.

6. If y  (sin 1 x) 2 , then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  n 2 y n  0.

7. If log e y  a sin 1 x then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  (n 2  a 2 ) y n  0.

1
8. If y  e m cos x
then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  (n 2  m 2 ) y n  0.

9. If log e y  tan 1 x then show that (1  x 2 ) y n2  (2nx  2 x  1) y n1  n(n  1) y n  0.

 2
10. If y  cos 1 x , then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  n 2 y n  0.

11. If ln y  m cos 1 x, then show that (1  x 2 ) y n 2  (2n  1) xy n1  (n 2  m 2 ) y n  0.

12. If x  tan(ln y), then show that (1  x 2 ) y n2  (2nx  2 x  1) y n1  n(n  1) y n  0.

Indeterminate Forms

Find the limit using L’ Hospital’s rule:

ln x x3  1 cos 3x  sin x

1. lim , 2. lim 2 , 3. lim  2  , 4. lim
x 1 x 3 3 x  13 x  12 x  x  
 x 
x 1 x 0 x 2

x  tan 1 x a x  1  x log a
1
e3x
5. lim 3
, 6 . lim 2
, 7. lim 2
, 8. lim (e x  x) x
x 0 x x   x x  0 x x 0

1 1  ln(sin x)
9. lim    , 10. lim ( x   ) cot x, 11. lim , 12. lim xe  x

x 0 x sin x  x  x 0 ln(tan x ) x 

sin 2 x sin x x 1 1  sin 2 x

13. lim , 14. lim 2 , 15. lim x , 16. lim   x , 17. lim .
x 0 x x 0 x x  e

x 0 x xe  x 0 sin 5 x

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 8

Partial derivative

1. Let f ( x, y)  3x3 y 2 . Find

(a) f x ( x, y) (b) f y ( x, y) (c) f x (x,1) (d) f y (1, y) (f) f x (1, 2) (g) f y (1, 2) .
2. Let f ( x, y)  xe  y  5 y , f ( x, y)  3x  2 y
(a) Find the Slope of the surface f ( x, y) in the x- direction at the point (3,0) and
(4,2)
(b) Find the slope of the surface f ( x, y) in the y direction of the point (3,0) and
(4,2)
3. Let f ( x, y)  4 x 2  2 y  7 x4 y5 , Find (a) f xx (b) f yy (c) f xy (d) f yx .
4. Let z  Sin( y 2  4 x) and z  ( x  y) 1
(a) Find the rate of Change of z w. r. to x at the point (2,1) and (-2, 4) with y kept
fixed.
(b) Find the rate of Change of z w. r. to y at the point (2,1) and (-2, 4) with x kept
fixed.
5. Let f ( x, y, z)  x 3 y 5 z 7  xy 2  y 3 z , find
(a) f xy (b) f yz (c) f xz (d) f zz (e) f zyy (f) f zxy (g) f zyx (h) f xxyz .
 
6. Let f x, y, z   xy  ln x2 z 3  x tanz . Compute f x , f z , f xy , f xyz

Maxima Minima of
function of several variable Lagrange Multiplier

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 9

Transformation of Co-ordinates

1. Find the polar co-ordinates of the points (2 3,2), (0,2), (1,1) .

2. Find the rectangular co-ordinates of the points (7, 2 / 3), (8, 9 / 4), (0,  ) .

 
3. Change to Cartesian coordinates the equations (i) r  a sin  , (ii ) r  a cos .
2
4. Transform to polar coordinates the equations (i)9 x 2  4 y 2  36, (ii ) x 3  y 2 (2a  x).
5. Transform to parallel axes through the new origin (1,-2) of the equation
2x 2  y 2  4x  4 y  0 .

6. Transform the equation x 2  y 2  8x  14 y  5  0 to parallel axes through (4,-7).

7. Transform the equation 7 x 2  2 xy  y 2  1  0 to axes turned through the angle

tan 1  12  .

8. Transform the equation 11x 2  24 xy  4 y 2  20 x  40 y  5  0 to rectangular axes

through the point (2,-1) and inclined at an angle tan 1  43  .

9. Transform the equation 9 x 2  15xy  y 2  12 x  11y  5  0 , so as to remove the terms

x and y.
10. Transform the equation 11x 2  3xy  7 y 2  19  0 , so as to remove the term xy .

11. Determine the equation of the curve 2 x 2  4 xy  5 y 2  4 x  22 y  7  0 when the

origin is transferred to the point (2, 3).

12. Remove the xy term from the equation 9 x 2  24 xy  2 y 2  54  0.

13. Determine the equation x 2  2 3xy  y 2  2a 2 after rotating of axes through 30 .

14. Transform the equation 9 x 2  24 xy  2 y 2  6 x  20 y  41  0 so as to remove

the terms in x and y.

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 10

Pair of straight lines

1. Show that the following equations represents a pair of straight lines; find also their
point of intersection and the angle between them:

(i) 2 y 2  xy  x 2  y  2 x  1  0, (ii )2 x 2  2 xy  x  2 y  3  0,
(iii ) x 2  3xy  2 y 2  18 x  321  0, (iv )21x 2  40 xy  21y 2  44 x  122 y  17  0.

2. Find the value of λ or k so that the following equations may represent pairs of straight
lines:

(i) 2xy  y 2  4 x  2 y  8  0, (ii )2 x 2  xy  y 2  2 x  5 y  k  0

(iii ) x 2  xy  2 y 2  3x  5 y  2  0, (iv )12 x 2  10 xy  2 y 2  11x  5 y    0.

3. Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the following pairs of straight
lines:

(i) x 2  xy  6 y 2  x  8 y  2  0, (ii )8 x 2  14 xy  6 y 2  2 x  y  1  0,
(iii )2 x 2  xy  y 2  3x  6 y  9  0, (iv )2 x 2  7 xy  6 y 2  13x  22 y  20  0

Circle

1. Find the equation of the circle with

(i) centre (-2, -1) and radius 4, (ii) centre (9, 0) and radius 1,
(iii) centre (0, 0) and radius 5.
2. Find the centre and radius of the following circles:

(i)5 x 2  5 y 2  11x  9 y  12  0, (ii ) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0

(iii ) x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  8  0.
3. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points:
(i) (1, 3), (2,1), (1,1), (ii ) (4,3), (1,7), (0,0), (iii ) (3,1), (4,3), (1,1).

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.
 Differential Calculus

*Home work sheet # 11

Tangent and Normal of Circle

1. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  3  0 and x 2  y 2  8x  2 y  9  0 touch one

another at (2, -1).
2. Find the equation of the circle through the intersection of the circles
x 2  y 2  9 x  14 y  7  0 and x 2  y 2  15x  14  0 which passes through the point
(2, 5).
3. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the intersection of the circles
x 2  y 2  1 and x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 which touches the straight line x  2 y  5  0 .

4. Find the radical center of the three circles x2  y2  x  2y  3  0 ,

x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  5  0 and x 2  y 2  7 x  8 y  9  0 .

Conic Section

1. Reduce the following equations to their standard forms:

(i ) x 2  6 xy  9 y 2  2 x  3 y  1  0
(ii ) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  5  0
(iii ) 4 x 2  24 xy  6 y 2  4 x  12 y  1  0
(iv ) 9 x 2  4 xy  6 y 2  10 x  7  0
(v) x 2  4 xy  2 y 2  10 x  4 y  0
(vi) x 2  4 y 2  2 x  16 y  1  0
(vii) 9 x 2  24 xy  16 y 2  22 x  46 y  9  0
25
(viii ) 3 x 2  2 xy  3 y 2  2 x  6 y   0.
2

2. Find the centre of the following conics:

(i ) x 2  4 xy  y 2  8 x  2 y  5  0
(ii ) x 2  2 xy  2 y 2  3x  7 y  1  0
(iii ) 3x 2  7 xy  6 y 2  3x  9 y  5  0.

*These problems are for the students only as home work. Search the reference books for more
examples.