Lesson 3:

Chemical
Reactions and
Equation
Laws of Chemical Hands on A. Balance each Multi-
change of the disciplinary
The students following
will make a equations: Mathematics:
EO6: Define Law of Conservation model of a 1. P + O2
the Law of of Mass states that the volcanic P2O5 Balancing
Conservation total quantity of mass eruption. 2. NaNO3 N chemical
of Mass. of substance remains They will aNO2 + O2 equation
constant regardless of use baking 3. C8H18 + O2 requires
any change that takes soda and CO2 + mathematical
place. The mass of the vinegar to H2O skills in
reactants must always produce the manipulating
be equal to the mass of gas in the B. If the the
the products. volcanic statement is coefficients of
EO7: Define eruption.’ true, write atoms of the
the Law of Law of definite CHEMICAL elements in an
Definite composition states that on the space equation.
Composition. elements combined to Minds on provided. If it
form compounds is false,
always contain exactly The students change the Inter-
the same proportion of will draw underlined disciplinary:
elements by mass. conclusions word or
EO8: Define based on words to Physics:
the Law of Law of Multiple their make the
Multiple proportion states that analysis of statement Chemical
Proportion. when two elements the reaction true. reactions may
form more than one that produce
compound, the ratios occurred in ______4. Chemical different
of the masses of the the model of equations are energy that is
second element volcano. balanced to reflect studied in
combining with a the law of multiple Physics.
fixed mass of the first proportions.
elements will be in Biology:
ratio of small whole ______5.
EO9: numbers. Coefficients are Different
Enumerate (p. 386) written in front of types of
the evidences Hands On chemical formulas to chemical
for chemical Chemical reactions’ balance the reactions take
reaction. manifestations may be The students equations. place in
often detected through will perform bodies of
the following: an living things.
experiment
 1. Change in odor on different
2. Change in types of Key to correction:
color chemical
3. Evolution of reactions 1. 4P + 5O2
gas using 2(P2O5)
4. Formation of different 2. 2(NaNO3)
precipitate reagents. 2(NaNO2
(insoluble ) + O2
particles) 3. 2C8H18 +
5. Evolution of 25O2
light and heat 16CO2 +
6. Change in 18H2O
EO10: temperature or Minds on: 4. Conservation
Demonstrate energy of mass
writing of 7. Change of The students 5. CHEMICAL
chemical form will draw
equation. (p. 386) conclusions
from the
Writing chemical experiment
equation on types of
1. Chemical chemical
formulas of reactions.
element They will
symbols are record the
used instead of reactions as
names equations
2. This consist of and they
the reactants will check
(written on the for balance.
left side of the
equation) and
product
(written on the
right side).
3. In between the
two reactants,
the “+” sign is
used in place
of the word
“end”.
4. To separate the
reactants and
the products,
an arrow is
placed in
between them,
 the tip of an
arrow indicates
EO11: the direction of
Distinguish the reaction
the types of and this
chemical represents the
reactions. word yield,
produce, or
form.
5. There should
be the same
atoms on the
reactant and
product side of
the equation.
(p.387)

Types of Chemical
Reaction

Reactions can be
classified into four
steps according to how
they occur.

1. Combination
or Synthesis
reaction – two
or more
substances
(either
elements or
compounds)
react to form
one product.
The general
formula for
combination or
synthesis
reaction is:

A+B AB

2. Analysis or
Decomposition
Reaction – a
 reaction in
which a single
compound is
broken down
into two or
more smaller
compounds or
elements. The
identifying
characteristic
of a
decomposition
reaction is the
presence of
only one
reactant. The
general form
for a
decomposition
reaction is:
AB A+B

3. Single
Replacement
(Substitution
Reactions) – an
uncombined
element
displaces an
element that is
part of a
compound.
The reactants
in a single
replacement
reaction are
always one
element and
one compound.
The general
form for a
single
EO12: replacement
Perform reaction is:
calculation to A+BX AX+B
balance
chemical
equation 4. Double
Replacement
(or Metathesis)
Reactions –
atoms or ions
from two
different
compounds
replace each
other. An
identifying
characteristic
of double
replacement
reaction is the
presence of
two
compounds as
reactants and
two
compounds as
products. The
reactants in a
double
replacement
reaction are
generally ionic
compounds.
The general
form for a
double
replacement
reaction is:
AX+BY AY+B
X

(pp. 387-391)

Balancing Chemical
Equation

An equation is not
correct until it is
balanced.
Equations can be
balanced by
inspection, a trial-and-
error process which is
simply putting
coefficients before any
of the formulas until
there is exactly the
same number of each
atom on both sides of
the equation.
Coefficients are whole
numbers written in
front of the symbols or
formula which
represents the number
of its atom.

1. Write a
chemical
equation with
correct
symbols and
formulas.
2. Count the
number of
atoms of each
element on
each side of the
arrow.
3. Balance the
atoms by using
coefficients.
4. Check your
work by
counting the
atoms of each
element.
(pp. 392-394)