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B3. This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about a collision. Part 2 is about electric current
and resistance.

Part 1 A collision

Two identical blocks of mass 0.17 kg and length 0.050 m are travelling towards each other along
a straight line through their centres as shown below. Assume that the surface is frictionless.

0.900 m

0.18 m s–1 0.18 m s–1

block A block B

0.050 m 0.050 m

The initial distance between the centres of the blocks is 0.900 m and both blocks are moving at
a speed of 0.18 m s–1 relative to the surface.

(a) Determine the time taken for the blocks to come into contact with each other. [3]

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(Question B3, part 1 continued)

(b) As a result of the collision, the blocks reverse their direction of motion and travel at the
same speed as each other. During the collision, 20 % of the kinetic energy of the blocks
is given off as thermal energy to the surroundings.

(i) State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. [2]

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(ii) Show that the final speed of the blocks relative to the surface is 0.16 m s–1. [3]

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(Question B3, part 1 continued)

(c) (i) State Newton’s third law of motion. [1]

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(ii) During the collision of the blocks, the magnitude of the force that block A exerts
on block B is  FAB and the magnitude of the force that block B exerts on block A
is  FBA. On the diagram below, draw labelled arrows to represent the magnitude and
direction of the forces  FAB and  FBA. [3]

block A block B

(iii) The duration of the collision between the blocks is 0.070 s. Determine the average
force one block exerted on the other. [3]

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A3. This question is about gravitational fields.

(a) Define gravitational field strength. [2]

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(b) The gravitational field strength at the surface of Jupiter is 25 N kg–1 and the radius of
Jupiter is 7.1× 107 m.

(i) Derive an expression for the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet
in terms of its mass M, its radius R and the gravitational constant G. [2]

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(ii) Use your expression in (b)(i) above to estimate the mass of Jupiter. [2]

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5. A tennis ball is released from rest at a height h above the ground. At each bounce 50 % of
its kinetic energy is lost to its surroundings. What is the height reached by the ball after its
second bounce?

h
A.
8

h
B.
4

h
C.
2

D. zero

6. The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional
force acts on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on
the block?

A. 24 N

B. 48 N

C. 96 N

D. 192 N

7. The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted.
What is the useful work done by the motor?

A. 100 J

B. 125 J

C. 250 J

D. 400 J

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8. A net force acts on a body. Which characteristic of the body will definitely change?

A. Speed

B. Momentum

C. Kinetic energy

D. Direction of motion

9. A ball of mass 0.2  kg strikes a force sensor and sticks to it. Just before impact the ball is travelling
horizontally at a speed of 4.0  m s–1. The graph shows the variation with time t   of the force F
recorded by the sensor.

F
Fmax

0
400 440 t / ms

What is Fmax?

A. 2  N

B. 4  N

C. 20  N

D. 40  N