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Brain Development: Danielle D. Solon, PTRP

The document discusses various aspects of brain development including perception, cognition, memory, intelligence, language, and education. It describes methods for studying infant perception like habituation and preferential looking. It outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operational. The stages of memory are discussed as well as implicit and explicit memory. Language development milestones from infancy through age 3 are provided.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views25 pages

Brain Development: Danielle D. Solon, PTRP

The document discusses various aspects of brain development including perception, cognition, memory, intelligence, language, and education. It describes methods for studying infant perception like habituation and preferential looking. It outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operational. The stages of memory are discussed as well as implicit and explicit memory. Language development milestones from infancy through age 3 are provided.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Brain

Development
Danielle D. Solon, PTRP
Perception
Cognition
Memory and Information
Processing
Intelligence and Creativity
Language and Education
Perception
• Sensation is the process of detecting
stimulus by different receptors in the
body and sending it to the brain for
interpretation
Definition of
Perception • Perception is the interpretation of the
sensory input
• Recognizing what you see
• Understanding what is said to you
• Identifying food by its smell
• Methods of Studying Infant Perception
• Habituation
• Losing interest in a stimulus when presented
Perception in repeatedly
• “Learning to be bored.”
the Infant • Procedure: stimulus is presented, and the infant
gets bored = habituation; new stimulus is
presented and the infant regains interest =
infant has discriminated between the two stimuli
• Can be used to test all five (5) senses
• Methods of Studying Infant Perception
Perception in • Preferential Looking
• Two stimuli presented to the infant, and the
the Infant infant shows preference on one object by the
amount of time and interaction displayed
• Methods of Studying Infant Perception
• Evoked Potentials
Perception in • Measuring the electrical activity of the brain in
response to stimulus
the Infant • Small metal disks are attached to the skin’s
surface, which will detect these activities in the
brain as the infant is presented with various
stimuli
• Methods of Studying Infant Perception
• Operant Conditioning
• An infant is most likely to repeat a behavior that
has a favorable response

Perception in • Example: an infant is conditioned to turn his


head every time he hears a sound and is
rewarded by a toy or milk (positive
the Infant reinforcement); another sound is presented and
if the baby turns his head, the stimuli have not
been discriminated and if the baby does not
turn his head, then the second stimuli is
discriminated from the first
• Refinement in the sensory system
Perception in • Learning to use the senses more
diligently
the Child • Giving deeper meaning to the world
around them
• The Development of Attention
• Focusing of perception and cognition on
Perception in something particular
• Attention of an infant = “captured by”
the Child Attention of a child = “directed toward”
• Spans longer, become more selective,
become more goal-oriented
Perception in • The Improvement of Attention
• Can also be attributed to the development
the of the neurophysiological system
• Able to filter out distracting, irrelevant
Adolescent information easier than a child
Perception in • Sensory and perceptual capacities
decline gradually and become
the Adult noticeable in the 40s
Cognition
• A basic life function that enables an
Intelligence organism adapt to its environment
• Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
• Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Intelligence • Pre-operational stage (2-7)
• Concrete operational stage (7-11)
• Formal operational stage (11 and beyond)
• Sensorimotor Stage

Intelligence
• Pre-operational Stage
• Symbolic capacity developed from the
Sensorimotor Stage will be very active at
this stage
• Pretend or fantasy play
• Imaginary companions
Intelligence • But their ideas are not yet concrete and
therefore it would be difficult for the child
to use logic in order to arrive at a right
answer
• Perceptual salience
• Focus on the most obvious features or
appearances
• Concrete Operational Stage
• Mastering the logical operations missing
from the previous stage
Intelligence • Children think effectively about the events
they experience in daily life
• Able to look at objects from different
dimensions (glass of water example)
• Mental actions on objects
• Formal Operational Stage
• Mental actions on ideas
• Juggling abstract ideas logically
Intelligence • Capability of hypothetical and abstract
thinking
Memory and
Information
Processing
• Short Term Memory
Memory • Can hold a limited amount of information
• For quick recall
• Long Term Memory
• Relatively permanent store of information
Memory • Memory here can be remembered for a
long period of time
• Implicit Memory
• Nondeclarative memory
Memory • Occurs unintentionally, automatically and
without awareness
• Example: Movie, Focus; the number 55
• Explicit Memory
• Declarative memory
Memory • Deliberate, effortful recollections of events
• Autobiography
Language and
Education
• Infants – crying and cooing
• 10 to 15 mos. – typically speak first
words
• 18 mos. – 50 word vocabulary
Language • 2 years – 200 word vocabulary
• 3 years – 1000 word vocabulary and is
generally well understood in terms of
communication

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