Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal Vol. 4, No.

2, 91-101 (2019)
ASTESJ
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ISSN: 2415-6698
Special Issue on Advancement in Engineering and Computer Science

A Systematic Mapping Study of Cloud, Fog, and Edge/Mobile Devices Management, Hierarchy Models
and Business Models
Isaac Odun-Ayo1,*, Rowland Goddy-Worlu1, Victor Geteloma 1, Emanuel Grant2
1
Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, 112233, Nigeria
2
School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of North Dakota, 58202, USA.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history: Cloud computing is an exceptional paradigm, which is facilitating the developments and
Received: 10 January, 2019 utilization of resources over the internet. Fog computing operates at the edge of the network
Accepted: 22 February, 2019 saving bandwidth, by not sending all information to the cloud, while edge computing does
Online: 15 March, 2019 processing of data at the edge of the cloud. Edge computing reduces the distance data must
travel on the network. The unique relationship between cloud, fog and edge computing
Keywords:
makes research in these areas mandatory. Deciding on a specific area of research as
Cloud computing
regards these subjects could be a bulky procedure for a scientist. Therefore, reviews and
Fog computing
paper studies for recognizing potential research gaps are required. A systematic mapping
Edge computing
study is utilized in giving a summary of the conducted research in a particular study area.
The objective of this paper is to conduct systematic mapping studies on cloud, fog,
edge/mobile devices management, hierarchy models and business models. The results
showed that publications that discussed process in relations to the field of study is 14.04%
out of the 114 papers included. Also method contributed 24.56%, model had 42.98% and
tool contributed 18.42%. Furthermore, evaluation research in terms of the field of study
was 27.5% out of 120 papers included. Also, validation was discussed in 17.5% of the
papers, solution was 32.5%, philosophical was 5.83%, experience was 15.83% and opinion
was 0.83%. The clearly highlighted gaps ought to inspire more enthusiasm for additional
research by both researchers and industry practitioners.

1. Introduction custom-built applications for users on the internet, hence the user
do not need to bother about installation and license. In PaaS, the
The Cloud is a parallel and appropriated computing system user develops and deploys his application through the
comprising of interconnected and virtualized computers that are infrastructure made available by the CSP. In IaaS, the user utilized
powerfully displayed as a unified computing resource, which is resources on the CSP infrastructure on a pay as you go basis. The
dependent on service level approvals set up through dealings CSPs have massive data centers with state of the art system; hence,
between service providers and users [1]. Cloud computing is the user can start up without the cost of infrastructure. Although
basically interconnected computers and applications used to the CSPs strive in providing effective and trustworthy services on
deliver services over the Internet. When systems are connected in the cloud, there are also issues of trust [2]. The effectiveness of
this manner, device management also becomes paramount. Cloud cloud computing becomes very evident as services improve and
computing is presently delivering services at all layers hence, there expand regularly, due to the fundamental applications running on
is everything as a service, but there are three primary services in the cloud [3,4]. In addition, there are four cloud computing models
the cloud which are Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a- namely the private, public, community and hybrid models. Private
Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). In SaaS, clouds provide organizations infrastructures that are hosted on
major cloud service provider (CSP) like Salesforce.com offer premises or off premises making use of in house staff. Private
*
Corresponding Author: Isaac Odun-Ayo, Contact No. +234 802 88 29456, clouds are considered more secure. Public clouds provide massive
Email: [email protected] elastic, on-demand pool of resources to the users through the CSP
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 I. Odun-Ayo et al. / Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal Vol. 4, No. 2, 91-101 (2019)
infrastructure. Community cloud make services available to on trending researches and subsequent expectations, and utilizing
institutions that share infrastructure but operate independently. the requirements for conducting a systematic review, all within the
Hybrid clouds provide the potential to host core applications on interval of July 2013 to October 2014.
private cloud and auxiliary applications on public clouds.
The authors in [15] analyzed the utilization of concept maps in
However, due to the process of virtualization and multitenancy on
Computer Science, which resulted in a systematic map focused on
the cloud, there are concerns about security [5,6].
gathering and analyzing previous articles on concept maps. This
Fog and edge computers carry out storage and processing at the resulted in a thorough examination of concept maps, with
edge of the cloud. This saves bandwidth and makes usage simple. emphasis on learning and teaching supports. Also, the searching
However, there are technologies that must be used to monitor these process involved the utilization of backward snowballing and
applications data and services operating within and at the edge of manual methods, and search strings applied on SCOPUS,
cloud computing. Edge computing is characterized by proximity ScienceDirect, Compedex, ACM DL, and IEEExplore digital
to end users, zone geographical distribution, and support for high libraries.
mobility and value addition for customer IoT services [7]. Mobile
edge computing aims at reducing both network latency and In [16], the researchers examined how games related methods
resource demand by shifting computing and storage capacities are implemented in software engineering, and how these methods
from the Internet cloud to the mobile edge [8]. In [9], the cloud assist specified software engineering knowledge domains. Based
system is described with a 3-layer hierarchy, the cloud computing on publications from 1974 to 2016, the authors utilized 156
infrastructure layer, the edge computing or mobile clouds, which primary studies, which were centered on using and evaluating
are utilized in vertically integrated applications where a part of the games in software engineering education. The mapping procedure
processing and analytics happens on the edge device while the was done in line with the guidelines provided in [12].
cloud is used for coordination and data retrieval [10]. The service In [17], the authors did a mapping of power system model by
measurement index framework discussed in [11] is a business providing a summary of power system models and its subsequent
model that provides an understanding of CSP rankings, and has 7 usage by European organizations in terms of analysis of their
major characteristics namely: accountability, agility, assurance, modeling features and identification of modeling gaps. 228
financial, performance, security and privacy and usability [11]. surveys were sent out to power experts for data extraction, while
Systematic mapping studies provides a platform for 82 questionnaires were eventually completed and utilized for the
categorizing research using a scheme and structure indicating the mapping.
frequency of research in such an area and the results are presented In [18], a mapping study of domain-specific languages was
visually on a map. Systematic mapping requires less effort: yet conducted with a primary interest in the type of contribution and
provides a more coarse-grained overview in the area of study [12]. research, and the area of focus. By exploring reputable articles
This enables the coverage of the research field to be determined. from 2006 to 2012, a mapping study was conducted by defining
The systematic process in this work was accomplished using three research questions, conducting the search, and extracting the data.
facets: the topic, contribution and research facets. The topic facet
extracts key consideration from the scope of study. The In [19], the authors focused on searching studies on “legal
contribution facet deals with method or mode of the work, while theory” and “legal concepts”. The selected studies were grouped
the research facet considers the nature of research such as on contributions in terms of language, tool, method, and model.
evaluation or opinion. While the goal of this study is to conduct a The other steps include identification of the used legal theories in
systematic mapping study, the rest of the paper is organized as legal core ontologies building process, identification of focus with
follows: Section II examines the related work. Section III a clear recommendation on the use of two ontologies, and
examines the materials and methods, Section IV presents the analyzing each highlighted research for conclusive findings about
results and discussion and Section V is the conclusion and legal and ontological research.
suggestion for future work.
In [20], the researchers gave a summary of an empirical
2. Related Work research in software cloud-based testing in the process of building
a classification scheme. The authors examined functional and non-
In [13], the authors explored the developing stage of a
functional testing techniques, their applications, and their
systematic mapping study by identifying the software designs
peculiarities. Sixty-nine (69) primary studies out of seventy-five
present at the requirement engineering stage of the project, and
(75) research articles were utilized for a rigorous statistical
providing a comprehension of the roles played by these patterns
analysis, and an eventual quantitative result. Most articles utilized
based on basic parameters required in the development process. A
a singular experiment approach for evaluating their expected
protocol was developed for the study with basic steps to enable the
result.
replication of their work by the research community, which results
in confirming the validation of the research. For this paper, ACM In [21], the authors presented a comprehensive review of
DL, IEEExplore, SCOPUS, and Web of Science digital libraries knowledge management in organization with a focus on the
were utilized, and the guidelines laid down in [12] were adhered potential role of Information Technology (IT) in the process. They
to. further discussed several important issues bordering on the process
In [14], the authors dwelled on describing the protocol for a of managing knowledge and the role of IT in propelling and
systematic map, in relation to domain-specific languages (DSL). assisting these processes. Also, emphasis was made on the need to
The authors focused on channeling their work on the advanced support in creating, storing, transferring and applying knowledge
apprehension of the DSL domain of research, while emphasizing in organizations.
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 I. Odun-Ayo et al. / Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal Vol. 4, No. 2, 91-101 (2019)
In [22], the authors discussed the usefulness and limitations of further discussed the difficulties of literature search in the ever-
systematic literature review in information system and social increasing dynamic setting of data frameworks, and proffer
sciences. They are of the opinion that the general stand that solutions on how these difficulties can be dealt with.
systematic literature review provide a holistic and superior
approach to literature review is not only questionable but also In [29], the authors presented the systematic mapping study of
unacceptable. In their argument and justification of this, they high-performance computing and the cloud which based their
concluded that caution and restrains should be exercised when work on the concepts of [27]. This study provided six classes of
choosing systematic literature review as it could undermine critical studies in the areas of architecture, virtualization, application,
engagement with literature and the scholarly nature of academic optimization, design and implementation, and performances in
work. relation to the focus of study. The selected studies were applied on
the contribution facet such tool, method, and model. In addition,
In [23], the authors discussed the lessons learned from utilizing the selected studies were used on the research facet which dealt
a systematic literature review process on software engineering with evaluation, validation and solution research.
domain. The authors summarized the review process, highlighted
the reviews of other authors and finally extracted and discussed In [30], the researchers examined the systematic mapping
findings as regards applying this practice to software engineering study of cloud resources management and scalability in brokering,
domain. scheduling, capacity planning and elasticity. The classification
scheme in relation to resource management, discussed scalability,
In [24], the researchers opined that research reviews must pay brokering, scheduling, capacity planning, elasticity, and resource
close attention to rigorous methodology that is required of primary sharing. The selected studies were applied on the contribution facet
researcher. The author further conceptualized the research review such metric, tool, method, and model. In addition, the selected
as a scientific enquiry involving five stages that parallel those studies were applied to the types of research.
primary research, which includes: formulating the problem,
collecting data, evaluating the data points, analyzing and 3. Materials and Methods
interpreting the data, and lastly, presenting the results. All the
functions; sources of variance and the other potential treats to The systematic mapping study is a useful tool for both
validity with each stage are discussed. researchers and practitioners alike. A mapping study provides a
visual representation of scope of work in a particular discipline.
In [25], the authors provided useful insights to researchers for This study was carried out utilizing the guidelines on systematic
carrying out literature review. They suggested synthesizing trends mapping studies, as seen in [12]. Systematic mapping study
and patterns while preparing to write literature review, among involves replicating a process for deducing and interpreting
which includes: the purpose and voice before beginning to write accessible materials, in line with a research objective [31]. This
must be considered, then consider how to reassemble the notes as important process (Figure 1) involves defining the research
well as create a topical outline that traces the argument in the question and outlining the scope of the review. Next is screening
literature review. All of these provides the guidelines for the articles to select the important ones and key wording the
developing a thorough and coherent literature review. abstract of the articles, with the goal of creating a classification
In [26], the researchers assessed the effectiveness of a scheme. Finally, the last step involves extracting the data, which
systematic literature review, which recommends evidence-based ultimately leads to creating the systematic map. At every stage of
software engineering methods for aggregating evidence. The the process there was an outcome which was refined for better
authors utilized manually searched Journals (10) and conference overall output of the systematic map.
proceedings (4). Of the twenty (20) significant articles considered, 3.1. Definition of Research Questions
eight (8) articles focused on research trends rather than evaluating
the technique utilized, and seven (7) systematic literature reviews The goal of a systematic map is to provide more insight into
focused on estimating the cost. The quality of systematic literature the quantity and type of work being conducted in a particular
reviews was fair with only three scoring less than 2 out of 4. discipline. It may also be necessary to know the places where such
work were published. These issues help in determining the
In [27], the authors have an opinion that the evaluation of the appropriate research questions to apply to the study in this paper.
approaches of systematic mapping, as carried out by researchers,
is needed in identifying the improved guidelines that are centered The research questions are:
on the experiences from existing systematic maps and literature RQ 1: What areas are addressed and what number of articles
reviews. In the affirmative, the authors carried out a systematic are covered in the highlighted areas of the research topic?
mapping study and considered a few practices of the systematic
review guidelines. They discovered that amongst the extensive RQ 2: What sets of articles are published in the highlighted
number of studies carried out, various guidelines were utilized and areas and what are their evaluations and originality?
integrated, leading to multiple methods of conducting systematic
3.2. Conduct of Research for Primary Studies
mapping studies.
In [28], the authors stressed the importance of literature review For the purpose of getting papers for this study, four (4) major
in scientific enquiry and the need to avoid standing on the digital libraries based on their impact factor of conferences and
shoulders of dwarf literature search, which remains a point of journal publication were utilized. Table 1 contains the digital
concern for enhancing a productive literature review. The authors libraries and their corresponding uniform resource locator (URL).

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Table 1: Electronic databases used for the systematic mapping study 3.4. Keywording of Abstracts
Electronic Databases URL
Keyword of abstracts is an important process in systematic
ACM http://dl.acm.org/ mapping, used to design the classification scheme for the study and
involves the following stages as shown in Figure 1.
IEEE http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xplore
Definition of Conduct Research Screening of Keywording Data Extraction and
SCIENCE DIRECT http://www.sciencedirect.com/ Research Questions Papers Using Abstracts Mapping Process

SPRINGER http;//www.springerlink.com/
Review Scope All Papers Relevant papers Classification Systematic Map
Scheme Abstracts
The search string was designed based on population, outcome
and intervention of the papers. The keywords used in the research Figure 1: The systematic mapping process [27]
was gotten from all parts of the structure of this study’s title; the
search string is as follows: Key wording was useful in decreasing the required time for
designing a classification scheme for cloud management and
(TITLE (cloud) AND KEY (cloud) AND (TITLE-ABS-KEY) model studies. Also, key wording ensured that only the significant
(fog) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (edge and mobile) OR TITLE-ABS- papers were considered in the scheme. The abstracts were studied
KEY (“devices management”) AND (KEY (Models) OR TITLE in order to extract concepts and keywords relating to the focus of
(models) this study. Therefore, keywords from different publications were
The searches were performed on the electronic database, which combined together to give satisfactory knowledge about the nature
involves utilizing the designed search string above on document of the contributing research. This was eventually utilized in
metadata to guarantee the inclusion of significant articles. For this determining the facts or categories of the study.
study, findings from relevant databases relating to cloud A cluster of keywords were finally used in this paper to
computing and computer science were utilized, and a total of 120 determine the categories and the eventual systematic map. In this
papers were relevant to be included out of an underlying pursuit paper, the three categories focused on topics based on all aspect of
comprising of 1339 papers. This study covered the period 2001 – the title of the study. The second facets discussed the types of
2018. The list of primary studies utilized for this work is at the contributions in relation to metric, tool, method, process and model
Appendix. [12]. The third facet concentrated on research types such as
3.3. Screening of Papers for Inclusion and Exclusion evaluation and validation.
3.5. Research type Facts with Category and Description
The importance of selection criteria is identifying and
incorporating all papers relevant to the study. This was a vital A study of this nature will be inadequate without all the
aspect of the study. It was essential to use the inclusion and categories outlined. The following is the classification of research
exclusion criteria to eliminate irrelevant articles as regards to methods, which was utilized for the third facet, as listed in [32]:
cloud, fog, and edge/models device management. In addition, the
criteria was utilized in removing all materials not providing 1. Validation of research: The utilized methods are unique
answers to the research question. Some abstract usually mention but not yet executed, either in form of an application or
only one aspect of the focus of study without further details and experiments.
such papers are also excluded. This study also excluded panel 2. Evaluation research: The methods have been executed
discussions, editorials, prefaces, presentation slides, summaries and analyzed with a proof of concept. Outcomes are
and tutorials. It was pertinent to consider articles that had the main examined in terms of advantages and disadvantages.
focus and able to also provide some secondary details. The main
focus of this study was devices management and models as it 3. Solution proposal: The method offers an essential
relates to cloud, fog, and computing. Therefore, the inclusion and solution to a problem; the benefits and application of such
exclusion process was done using details depicted in Table 2. results are also outlined.
Table 2: Inclusion and exclusion criteria 4. Philosophical papers: The papers discuss techniques
that provide new methods of solving a problem in relation
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria to concepts and framework.
The abstract explicitly mentions The paper lies outside the area 5. Opinion papers: The research papers do not apply any
cloud, fog, edge, mobile devices of cloud computing as it
known methods, but simply expressed the opinion of
individuals.
management, hierarchy models identifies with cloud
6. Experience papers: This paper relates the personal
and business models. management. The paper does
experience of the researcher. It offers insight into how
Furthermore, discussions in this not contribute to issues of something was done
area are meant to achieve cloud management in the cloud. These categories were considered adequate and sufficient to be
management. used in the classification scheme of this study, as to research facet.
The papers included in this study were all examined based on the
various research categories.
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3.6. Data Extraction and Mapping Studies publications that discussed process in relations to the field of study
was 14.04% out of the 114 papers included. In addition, method
Relevant articles were sorted into a classification scheme at the contributed 24.56%, model had 42.98% and tool contributed
key wording stage. This next step allowed data extraction from the 18.42%. There were no contributions at all from metric.
primary studies. The method of extracting data shaped the nature
of the classification scheme. The procedure for extracting data was Models discussion contributed 42.98% of the papers reviewed.
achieved on Microsoft Excel tables. The Excel tables contained the In relation to the topics, model had 5.22% in terms of architecture,
various groups of the classification scheme. The frequency of 12.28% in terms of application, and 3.51% in the area of
publications in each category was extracted to different tables. The implementation, 10.53% in the area of networking, 3.51% in the
frequency of publications in each category was combined into a aspect of mobile computing and 7.89% on embedded system.
table either contenting the topic/contribution category or the Other aspects of topic and contribution aspect are reflected in
topic/research category. The analysis was focused on presenting Figure 2.
the frequencies of articles based on the entries made into the 4.2. Type and Research Facet
various Excel tables. The essence was to identify which aspect of
device management and models as it relates to cloud, fog and The list of primary studies used for examining the topics
edge/mobile computing were given more emphasis in this study against the types of research is at Table 4. On the x-axis of the right
This enabled the determination of gaps and made it easy to identify quadrant of Figure 2 are the results of the types of research
areas for further research. conducted with respect to the field of study. The result indicated
that evaluation research in terms of the field of study was 27.5%
Based on the results extracted to the Excel tables, bubble plots
out of 120 primary studies. Also, validation was discussed in
were subsequently utilized in presenting the frequency of the
17.5% of the papers, solution in 32.5%, philosophical in 5.83%,
articles using a map. The map included a two x-y scatter plot with
experience in 15.83% and opinion in 0.83%.
bubbles at the crossing point of the classifications. The size of the
bubble coordinates corresponds to the quantity of articles in such Solution proposal constituted 32.5% of the papers examined in
combined categories. There were two quadrants based on the three this field of study in relation to the topics. Solution proposal had
facets under consideration. Each quadrant provided different 1.67% in terms of architecture, 8.33% in terms of applications, 5%
visualized maps on the basis of the intersection of the topic in relation to implementation, 11.67% with respect to networking,
category with either the contribution or research category. The 3.33% in terms of mobile computing and 2.5% in terms of
different facets could be considered simultaneously, providing an embedded system. Other aspects of research and topic contribution
overview of the results of the study. is as shown in Figure 2.
4. Results and Discussion 4.3. Major Findings
The analysis of the result is meant to present the frequencies of From Figure 2,
publication in each category, and to identify which category has
a. It can be identified from the visual map that there were
been emphasized in past research [12]. The essence of this was the
more publications on implementations and mobile
identification of gaps and the possibility of researching further.
networking that discussed metric with 26%, more
From the analysis, gaps were identified by using the systematic
publication on applications that examined model with
map, which showed topic areas where there was dearth of study,
and indicated the areas that were explored as regards articles. In 12.28%, more papers on architecture that discussed
this systematic study, high-level categories was utilized in method with 6.14% and more work on embedded systems
examining process at 6.14%.
assessing the primary studies, which was used to create the
systematic map. b. Similarly, on the left quadrant of Figure 2, there were
more articles on mobile computing that discussed
4.1. Topic and Contribution Facet
evaluation research with 9.17%, more publications on
The topics extracted at the classification scheme in this field of application that examined validation research with 5%,
study comprise of the following: more work on network in terms of solution proposal at
11.67%, more publication on mobile computing in terms
1. Architecture of philosophical paper with 3.33%, more materials on
2. Application application in term of experience papers and only one
opinion paper related to embedded system.
3. Implementation
c. On the other hand, this study had shown that there were
4. Networking no discussions at all relating to metric in this field of
5. Mobile computing study. There were no papers on architecture in terms of
tool. There were no articles on implementation and
6. Embedded systems networking in terms of process. In addition, there was no
The list of primary studies used for checking the topics against work on architecture, application, and networking in the
the types of contributions is at Table 3. The systematic map is area of philosophical papers.
shown at Figure 2. The contribution facet shows the type of d. Furthermore, publications on application topic as it
contribution to the field of study. The results showed that related to tool, mobile networking and implementations
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Table 3: Primary studies for topic and contribution facet

Contribution Metric Tool Model Method Process

Facet
Topic
Architecture 30, 37, 80, 92, 93, 95, 18, 42, 60, 77, 4, 8,
84, 90, 116,

Application 28, 25, 36, 39, 38, 45, 48, 5, 11, 14, 86, 105, 108,
54, 57, 71, 78, 82, 85, 94,
115, 119,

Implementation 13, 19, 26, 101, 118, 120 50, 55, 87, 100, 2, 43, 46,

Networking 22, 24, 29, 31, 33, 7, 9, 12, 15, 16, 91, 96, 20, 41, 47, 70,
98, 103, 104,106, 112, 79, 83,

Mobile 3, 6, 10, 23, 109, 110, 27, 32, 34, 35 2, 73, 75, 76, 44, 53, 56, 58,
computing 89, 99 71

Embedded 49, 61, 62, 1, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 81 17, 21, 51, 52,
Systems 74, 115, 119 97, 113, 114,

Percentage 0.0% 18.42% 42.98% 24.56% 14.04%

Figure 2: Systematic map of cloud fog, and edge/mobile devices management, hierarchy and business models

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Table 4: Primary studies for topic and research facets

Research Evaluation Validation Solution Philosophical Experience Opinion

Facet
Topic

Architecture 4, 8, 37, 42, 60, 80, 18, 30 92, 93 77

84, 90, 95, 116

Application 78, 102 11, 14, 59, 63, 105, 108 5, 36, 39, 38,48, 54, 25, 28, 45, 57,
82, 85, 115, 119 69, 71, 86, 94

Implementation 2 13, 87 19, 26, 43, 46, 118, 101 50, 55, 100
120

Networking 7, 20, 22, 24, 29, 31, 41, 47, 88, 91 9, 12, 15, 16, 49, 61, 79, 83
33 62, 70, 104,106, 112,
96, 98, 103

Mobile 3, 6, 10, 23, 34, 35, 76, 89, 107 40, 44, 73, 117 53, 56, 58, 72 27, 32, 109,
computing 75, 99, 111, 113, 114 110

Embedded 1, 65 17, 21, 51, 52 64, 81, 97 66, 67 74 68

Systems

Percentage 27.50% 17.50% 32.50% 5.83% 15.83% 0.83%

in terms of model, embedded systems were the least attention. Despite the large quantity of publications in this field of
having, 0.88%, 3.51%, 0.88% and 1.75% respectively. study, the systematic map has shown that there are shortage of
publications in this field of study. The visual representation
e. In terms of the topic and research types, implementation
provided by the systematic map enhances decision on areas of
topic in relation to evaluation research, implementation
further research. This systematic mapping study has been able to
and architecture in relation to solution proposals,
identify some areas where there were less emphasis on the topic,
implementation with respect to philosophical paper,
based on the categories used in the scheme. This paper has
architecture and embedded systems in terms of
therefore contributed to knowledge by highlighting the different
experience papers had the least publications with 0.83%,
aspects of the study with gaps, and recommending them for further
1.67%, 0.83% and 0.83% respectively.
studies. Also, further research could be carried out to validate this
From the foregoing, the visual appeal of a systematic map study or resolve contradictory issues. In summary, this study
assists in summarizing and offering researchers with the likelihood created a systematic map that could be advantageous to the cloud
of stimulating interest in the results. community, and will assist researchers in uncovering the critical
gaps that were not previously explored.
The different categories combined together makes the bubble
plot more useful. It is imperative to state that the creation of a Conflict of Interest
systematic map in the absence of a successive systematic review is
valuable in itself. This is because the systematic map enables the The authors declare no conflict of interest.
identification of research gaps and shortage of publication in this
Acknowledgment
field of study. This paper provided six classes of studies namely
architecture, application, implementation, networking, mobile We acknowledge the support and sponsorship provided by
computing and embedded systems, which could be discussed as Covenant University through the Centre for Research, Innovation,
regards to either tool, model, method, metric and process or
and Discovery (CUCRID).
evaluation, validation, solution, philosophical and opinion
research. The few aforementioned areas, along these lines, are References
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