Unit - 1: EE8591 - Digital Signal Processing

EE8591 – Digital Signal Processing
UNIT - 1
INTRODUCTION
SIGNAL:
Defined as any physical quantity that
varies with time, space (or) any other
independent variable.
Ex:
ECG – Provides information about the
health of person’s heart.
EEG – Provides information about brain
activity of a person.
SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 2

SIGNAL Cont…
The signal is classified into three types:
Multidimensional
signals
Two dimensional
signals
One dimensional
signals

SIGNAL Cont…
1. One dimensional signals:
It depends only on one variable
Time
Independent variable: Time

The mathematical representation is
F(x) = Waveform
SIGNAL Cont…
2. Two dimensional signals:
It depends on two variables
y-Axis
x-Axis
Independent variable: x and y Sonograms

F(x, y) = Image
SIGNAL Cont…
3. Multidimensional signals:
It depends on two or more variables
Independent variable: x, y, z and t

F(x, y, z, t) = Animated movie

How to draw a Signal
Analog Signal Discrete Signal
T ºC T ºC
27 27
26 26
25 25
24 24
23 23
22 22
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 t hrs 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 t hrs

How to draw a Digital Signal
Discrete Signal T ºC
T ºC
27 27
26
25
24
24
23
22
21
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 t hrs
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 t hrs
T(10) = 25 T(2) = 26
T(10) = 24 T(2) = 24
T(11) = 26 T(3) = 25
T(11) = 24 T(3) = 24
T(12) = 27 T(4) = 24
T(1) = 27 T(5) = 22 T(12) = 27 T(4) = 24
T(1) = 27 T(5) = 22
How to draw a Digital Signal
Discrete Signal Digital Signal
T(10) = 25 T(2) = 26 T(10) = 24 T(2) = 26
T(11) = 26 T(3) = 25 T(11) = 26 T(3) = 24
T(12) = 27 T(4) = 24 T(12) = 26 T(4) = 24
T(1) = 27 T(5) = 22 T ºC T(1) = 26 T(5) = 22
28
Error decreased by 26
increasing Number
of levels 24
22
20
10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 t hrs
SYSTEM:
A physical device that perform a
operation on a signal.
Ex:
Filter – Used to reduce the noise in the
information bearing signal.

SIGNAL PROCESSING:
Any operation that changes the
characteristic of a signal.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
1. Analog Signal Processing:
Analog Analog
Input Output
signal signal

BLOCK DIAGRAM Cont…
2. Digital Signal Processing:
Analog Analog
Input Digital Digital Output
Input Output
signal signal
signal signal

Advantages of DSP
It has several advantages over
analog signal processing.
 Greater Accuracy
 Cheaper
 Ease of Data Storage
 Flexibility in configuration

Applications of DSP
1. Telecommunication Fax
Modem
Telephone dialing
Cellular Phone Video Conferencing

Applications of DSP
2. Consumer Electronics
FM Stereo
Sound
recording

Applications of DSP
3. Instrumentation and Control
Spectrum analysis
Function generator
Applications of DSP
4. Image Processing
Image compression
Image
enhancement
Image analysis and

recognition

Applications of DSP
5. Biomedical
EEG
ECG
Computerized Tomography
Applications of DSP
6. Speech Processing
Automatic speech
recognition
Speaker verification and speaker identification

Applications of DSP
7. Military
Navigation
Radar signal
processing

EE8591 – Digital Signal Processing
Syllabus
Classification of systems: Continuous, discrete,
linear, causal, stability, dynamic, recursive, time
variance; classification of signals: continuous and
discrete, energy and power; mathematical
representation of signals; spectral density;
sampling techniques, quantization, quantization
error, Nyquist rate, aliasing effect.
Reference Books:
1. Poorna Chandra.S, Sasikala.B , Tata McGraw hill
2. Ramesh Babu.P, SCITECH Publication
Methods of Representing
Discrete-Time Signal
1 • Functional representation
2 • Graphical representation
3 • Tabular representation
4 • Sequence representation
5 • Mathematical representation
1 • Functional representation
–1 for n = –2
2 for n = –1
1.5 for n = 0
x(n) = –0.9 for n = 1
1.4 for n = 2
1.6 for n = 3
0 otherwise
2 • Graphical representation
X(n)
2
1.6
1.5
1.4
n
–2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1 –0.9

3 • Tabular representation
n –2 –1 0 1 2 3
x(n) –1 2 1.5 –0.9 1.4 1.6

4 • Sequence representation
x(n) = { –1, 2, 1.5, –0.9, 1.4, 1.6 }

5 • Mathematical representation
x(n) = –1 ; n = –2
2 ; n = –1
1.5 ; n= 0
–0.9 ; n= 1
1.4 ; n= 2
1.6 ; n= 3
0 ; n = other n
Classification of Discrete
Time System:
Linear Time Causal

Static Stable
and Varient and FIR and
and and
Non- and Non- IIR
Dynamic Unstable
Linear Invarient Causal System
System System
system System system

Static and Dynamic System
The static system sometimes called

as memory less property system.
i.e., The output depends only on

present state input is called static
system. Otherwise, it is known as
dynamic system.

Static and Dynamic System Cont…
Example. 1: Find whether the system is
Static or Dynamic.
y(n) = x2(n)
Solution:
y(0) = x2(0)
The output depends only on

present state input.
Therefore the system is Static System.

static or dynamic.
y(n) = x(n–2)
Solution:
y(0) = x(0–2)
= x(–2)
The output depends on past input.

Therefore the system is Dynamic System.

Static or Dynamic.
y(n) = x(n).x(n–1)
Solution:
y(0) = x(0).x(0–1)
= x(0).x(–1)
The output depends on present

and past input.
Therefore the system is Dynamic System.

Assignment. 1.1:
Find whether the following systems
are Static or Dynamic.
(i) y(n) = x(2n)
(ii) y(n) = x2(n) + x(n)
(iii) y(n) = x(n).x(n–2)

Causal and Non-Causal System
The output of the system at time ‘n’

depends only on present state input
and past input is called as Causal
System.
If the output of the system not only
depends on present and past input,
but it also depends on future input of
the system is known as Non-Causal
system

Causal and Non-Causal System Cont…
Example. 4: Determine whether the system is causal or non-
causal system.
Solution:
when, n = –1
when, n = 0
when, n = 1
For all the conditions, the output depends on present

state input and past input. Hence the system is a Causal
System.

causal system.
Solution:
when, n = –1
when, n = 0
when, n = 1
For all the conditions, the output does not depend on

present state and past state input. Hence the system is a
Non-Causal System.

causal system.
Solution:
when, n = –1
when, n = 0
when, n = 1
For all the conditions, the output depends on present

state input and past input. Hence the system is a Causal
System.

Assignment. 1.2:
Test whether the following systems
are causal or non-causal.
(i) y(n) = x(n2)
(ii) y(n) = ex(n)
(iii) y(n) = ax(n) + bx(n–1)

Summary
Today we learnt about.
 Introduction of DSP
 Advantages and Applications
of DSP
 What is Signal
 Classification of Signals
 How to draw a Analog,
Discrete and Digital Signal

Summary
 Representation of Discrete Time
Signals
 Classification of Discrete Time
System
 Static and Dynamic System
 Causal and Non-causal System


Unit - 1: EE8591 - Digital Signal Processing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit - 1: EE8591 - Digital Signal Processing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit - 1: EE8591 - Digital Signal Processing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EE8591 – Digital Signal Processing

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 2

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 3

Independent variable: Time

Independent variable: x and y Sonograms

The mathematical representation is

Independent variable: x, y, z and t

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 6

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 7

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 10

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 11

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 12

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 13

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 14

Cellular Phone Video Conferencing

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 16

Image analysis and

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 18

Speaker verification and speaker identification

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 20

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 21

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 25

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 26

x(n) = { –1, 2, 1.5, –0.9, 1.4, 1.6 }

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 27

Linear Time Causal

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 29

The static system sometimes called

i.e., The output depends only on

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 30

The output depends only on

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 31

The output depends on past input.

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 32

The output depends on present

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 33

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 34

The output of the system at time ‘n’

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 35

For all the conditions, the output depends on present

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 36

For all the conditions, the output does not depend on

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 37

For all the conditions, the output depends on present

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 38

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 39

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 40

SASIKUMAR.K, A.P/EEE Panimalar Engineering College 7/7/2020 41

You might also like