Internet of Things

Course Information
Course Name: Internet of things technology
Course Code: 15CS81
IA: 20 marks SEE: 80 marks Credits: 04
Text books:
1. IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies,
Protocols and use cases for the IoT by David
Hanes and others
2. Internet of Things by Srinivasa K G
 MODULE 1
Chapter 1: What is IoT?
Chapter 2: IoT Network Architecture and Design
WHAT IS IOT
CHAPTER 1
In this chapter, we learn…
Genesis of IoT
IoT and digitization
IoT impact
Convergence of IT and IoT
IoT Challenges
Genesis of IoT
Genesis of IoT
Evolutionary Phases of the Internet
Internet of
Immersive Things
Experiences
Networked Digitize the
Economy World
Digitize
Connectivity Digitize Interactions
Digitize Access Business Connecting
*Social *People
*e-commerce *Process
*Email *Cloud
*Digital supply *Data
*Web Browser *Mobility
chain *Things
*Search *Video
*Collaboration
IoT and Digitization
IoT vs Digitization
IoT Impact
IoT Impact
IoT Impact
IoT Impact
IT v/s OT
IT v/s OT
IT v/s OT
Convergence of IT and OT
Convergence of IT and OT
Convergence of IT and OT
IoT Challenges
IoT Challenges
Chapter 2 – IOT Network
Architecture and Design
CHAPTER 2
In this chapter, we learn…
1. Drivers behind new network architecture
2. Comparing IoT architectures
3. A simplified IoT architecture
4. Core IoT functional stack
5. IoT data management and compute stack
IoT architectural drivers
Challenges:
1. Scale
2. Security
3. Constrained devices and Networks
4. Data
5. Legacy device support
IoT architectural drivers - Scalability
IoT architectural drivers - Security
IoT architectural drivers - Security
Change: For optimum security, IoT systems
must:
1. Identify and authenticate
2. Encrypt all user data exchanged.
3. Data protection and storage
4. Rules-based security policies
IoT architectural drivers – Volume of data
IoT architectural drivers – Constrained
devices and network
IoT architectural drivers – Legacy device
support
IoT architectural drivers –Data Analytics
Comparing IoT architectures
1. The OneM2M IoT standardized architecture
2. IoT World Forum (WF)
The OneM2M IoT standardized architecture
The OneM2M IoT standardized architecture
divides IoT functions into 3 major domains:
1. Applications layer
2. Services layer
3. Network layer
oneM2M IOT Architecture
oneM2M IOT Architecture
IOT World Forum Architecture : IOT Reference
Model
IOT Reference Model: Layer 1
IOT Reference Model : Layer 2
IOT Reference Model : Layer 3
IOT Reference Model : Layer 3
IOT Reference Model: Layers 4-7
IOT Reference Model : Separation of IT and OT
Simplified IOT Architecture
The Core IoT Functional Stack
LAYER 1: THINGS- SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
Battery powered or power connected
Mobile or static
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NN8kXh-Tpk
Low or high reporting frequency
Simple or rich data
Reporting range
Object density per cell
The Core IoT Functional Stack
LAYER 2:COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK LAYER
1. Access network sub layer
2. Gateways and backhaul sub layer
3. Network transport sub layer
4. IoT network management sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer
Access technology
Network types
Network topology
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer – Network Types
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer – Network topology
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Access network sub layer – Network topology
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Gateways and backhaul sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Gateways and backhaul sub layer
A) Vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure
communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14fOqMBn9aw
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Gateways and
backhaul sub layer
B)Sensors used in
an factory
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Gateways and
backhaul sub layer
B)Sensors used in
mining
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2 : COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Network transport
sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2: COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Network transport sub layer
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2: COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
Network transport sub layer
Protocols used (Network): IP
Protocols used (Transport): TCP and UDP
The Core IoT Functional Stack LAYER 2: COMMUNICATIONS
NETWORK LAYER
IoT network management sub layer
Network models used: Push model, Pull model,
Hybrid model
Data Transfer : HTTP (client server model)
Data transfer for IoT: Constrained Application
Protocol (CoAP)
Data transfer for IoT: Message Queue telemetry
transport (MQTT)
The Core IoT Functional Stack
LAYER 3: APPLICATIONS AND ANALYTICS LAYER
Analytics vs control application
Data vs network analytics
Data for Business benefits - Smart services
The Core IoT Functional Stack
Smart services
Machine operation
Hospitality
Smart light bulb
Smart grid
Vehicle to vehicle communication
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Advantage
1. Simplicity - objects just need to connect to a
central cloud application. That application has
visibility over all the IoT nodes and can process all
the analytics needed
Limitations
1. Data volume
2. Variety of objects connecting to the network
3. Need for more efficiency
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Requirements
1. Minimizing latency
2. Conserving network bandwidth
3. Increasing local efficiency
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Data problems that need to be addressed:
1. Bandwidth in the last mile IOT networks is limited
2. High latency
3. Network backhaul from the gateway can be
unreliable and expensive
4. Storing and analyzing sensor data in the cloud is
impractical (real time response needed)
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Fog computing
Fog node- a device with computing and storing
capability and network connectivity.
Allows intelligence gathering and control from the
closest possible point.
Sits close to endpoint devices
Has contextual awareness
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Fog computing
Analyses data collected, sends only relevant
information to the backhaul network and to the
cloud.
Quick analysis and response time.
Allows data preprocessing and correlation from
multiple input devices to produce relevant
information.
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Fog computing summary
1. Contextual awareness and low latency
2. Geographic distribution
3. Deployment close to endpoint devices
4. Wireless communication between fog nodes and
endpoint devices
5. Real time interactions
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Edge computing
Push computing further down the edge
Resides directly in the sensors and IOT devices
Performs Low level analytics
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
The IoT Data Management and Compute Stack
Hierarchy
1. Time sensitive data analysis – edge computing
2. Minimize latency – aggregation nodes – fog
computing
3. Less time sensitive and long term storage – cloud
computing
“The smart phone was big, but
IoT is going to get a lot bigger!”
Resource credits: IoT Fundamentals by David Hanes and others