Python Fundamentals
Strings and Collections
Austin Bingham Robert Smallshire
@austin_bingham @robsmallshire
[email protected] [email protected] Presenter
Friday, July 26, 13
Python
Collections
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Python
Collections
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Python
Collections
str
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Python
Collections
str
bytes
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Python
Collections
str
bytes
list
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Python
Collections
str
bytes
list
dict
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Python
Collections
str
bytes
list
p s
dict or - loo
f
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str
immutable sequences of Unicode codepoints
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String Literals
‘This is a string’
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String Literals
‘This is a string’
“This is also a string”
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Moment of Zen
Practicality beats
purity
Beautiful text strings
Rendered in literal form
Simple elegance
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Strings with Newlines
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Strings with Newlines
1. Multiline strings
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Strings with Newlines
1. Multiline strings
2. Escape sequences
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‘\r\n’
or
‘\n’
?
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Universal Newlines
‘\n’
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Universal Newlines
‘\n’
P EP 2 7 8
p e ps / pe p - 02 78 /
y th o n . o rg / d e v /
www. p
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Escape Sequences
Sequence Meaning
\newline Backslash and newline ignored
\\ Backslash (\)
\’ Single quote (‘)
\a ASCII Bell (BEL)
\b ASCII Backspace (BS)
\f ASCII Formfeed (FF)
\n ASCII Linefeed (LF)
\r ASCII Carriage Return (CR)
\t ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)
\v ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
\ooo Character with octal value ooo
\xhh Character with hex value hh
Only recognized in string literals
\N{name} Character named name in the Unicode database
\uxxxx Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx
\Uxxxxxxxx Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx
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Escape Sequences
Sequence Meaning
\newline Backslash and newline ignored
\\ Backslash (\)
\’ Single quote (‘)
\a ASCII Bell (BEL)
\b ASCII Backspace (BS)
\f ASCII Formfeed (FF)
\n ASCII Linefeed (LF)
r g /3 / r e fe r e n c e /
\r
d o c s .p y th o n .o
ASCII Carriage Return (CR)
g s
\t
n
ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)
\v
a l y s i s. h tm
ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
l #s tr i
\ooo
\xhh lexical_ a n
Character with octal value ooo
Character with hex value hh
Only recognized in string literals
\N{name} Character named name in the Unicode database
\uxxxx Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx
\Uxxxxxxxx Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx
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No Separate Character Type
}
‘a long string’
str
‘x’
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No Separate Character Type
}
‘a long string’
str
‘x’
l y o n e - e le m e nt
rac ter s” a re s i m p
“c h a
strings
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Python Strings Are Unicode
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Python Strings Are Unicode
UT F - 8 l i te ra l s
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bytes
immutable sequences of bytes
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Bytes Literals
b‘data’
b“data”
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Converting Between Strings and Bytes
decode
str
bytes encode
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Converting Between Strings and Bytes
decode
str
bytes encode
Encodings
m l#s t a n da rd- e nco d ing s
ra r y / cod e c s.ht
docs.python.org/3/lib
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list
mutable sequences of objects
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List Literals
[a, b, c, d]
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dict
mutable mappings of keys to values
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Dict Literals
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
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Dict Literals
keys
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
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Dict Literals
keys
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
values
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for-loop visit each item in a sequence
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For-Loop Syntax
for ITEM in SEQUENCE:
...body...
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Exit the REPL
Ctrl-Z
Ctrl-D
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o g e t h er
g i t all t
P u in
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s
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Recall: Bytes Literals
b‘data’
b“data”
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Recall: Converting Between Strings and
Bytes
decode
str
bytes encode
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s )
e c o d e (
y t e s . d
•b
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o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s )
e c o d e (
y t e s . d
•b l it ( )
t r . s p
•s
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Summary: Strings and Bytes
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Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
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Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Rich variety of string methods
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Rich variety of string methods
Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Rich variety of string methods
Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Rich variety of string methods
Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints
bytes literals prefixed with a lowercase b
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Strings and Bytes
Single- and multi-line string quoting
Adjacent string literal concatenation
Universal newlines
Escape sequences for control characters
Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
Convert other types with the str() constructor
Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
Rich variety of string methods
Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints
bytes literals prefixed with a lowercase b
Convert str to bytes with encode(), bytes to str with decode()
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Summary: Lists
[a, b, c, d]
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Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
[a, b, c, d]
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
[a, b, c, d]
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
[a, b, c, d]
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
Square-bracket assignment to replace objects
[a, b, c, d]
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
Square-bracket assignment to replace objects
Grow lists with append()
[a, b, c, d]
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Lists
Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
Square-bracket assignment to replace objects
Grow lists with append()
Construct from other sequences using list() constructor
[a, b, c, d]
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Summary: Dictionaries
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
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Summary: Dictionaries
Dictionaries associate keys with values
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Dictionaries
Dictionaries associate keys with values
Literal dicts delimited by curly braces
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
Friday, July 26, 13
Summary: Dictionaries
Dictionaries associate keys with values
Literal dicts delimited by curly braces
Literal key-value pairs separated by commas, with a colon between each
key and value
{k1: v1, k2: v2}
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Summary: For-loops
for ITEM in SEQUENCE:
...body...
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Summary: For-loops
Take items one-by-one from an iterable object, binding a name to the
current item
for ITEM in SEQUENCE:
...body...
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Summary: For-loops
Take items one-by-one from an iterable object, binding a name to the
current item
Correspond to for-each loops in other languages
for ITEM in SEQUENCE:
...body...
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Summary: For-loops
Take items one-by-one fromNext
an iterable object, binding a name to the
time in
current item Python Fundamentals
Correspond to for-each loops in other languages
functions
modules
execution model
for ITEM in SEQUENCE: command-line
arguments
...body...
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