Python Fundamentals

Strings and Collections

Austin Bingham Robert Smallshire

@austin_bingham @robsmallshire
[email protected] [email protected]
Presenter

Friday, July 26, 13

 Python
Collections

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 Python
Collections

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 Python
Collections
str

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 Python
Collections
str
bytes

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 Python
Collections
str
bytes
list

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 Python
Collections
str
bytes
list
dict
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 Python
Collections
str
bytes
list
p s
dict or - loo
f
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 str
immutable sequences of Unicode codepoints

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 String Literals

‘This is a string’

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 String Literals

‘This is a string’
“This is also a string”

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 Moment of Zen

Practicality beats
purity
Beautiful text strings
Rendered in literal form
Simple elegance

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 Strings with Newlines

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 Strings with Newlines

1. Multiline strings

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 Strings with Newlines

1. Multiline strings

2. Escape sequences

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 ‘\r\n’
or
‘\n’
?
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 Universal Newlines

‘\n’

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 Universal Newlines

‘\n’
P EP 2 7 8
p e ps / pe p - 02 78 /
y th o n . o rg / d e v /
www. p

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 Escape Sequences
Sequence Meaning
\newline Backslash and newline ignored
\\ Backslash (\)
\’ Single quote (‘)
\a ASCII Bell (BEL)
\b ASCII Backspace (BS)
\f ASCII Formfeed (FF)
\n ASCII Linefeed (LF)
\r ASCII Carriage Return (CR)
\t ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)
\v ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
\ooo Character with octal value ooo
\xhh Character with hex value hh
Only recognized in string literals
\N{name} Character named name in the Unicode database
\uxxxx Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx
\Uxxxxxxxx Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx

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 Escape Sequences
Sequence Meaning
\newline Backslash and newline ignored
\\ Backslash (\)
\’ Single quote (‘)
\a ASCII Bell (BEL)
\b ASCII Backspace (BS)
\f ASCII Formfeed (FF)
\n ASCII Linefeed (LF)

r g /3 / r e fe r e n c e /
\r

d o c s .p y th o n .o
ASCII Carriage Return (CR)

g s
\t
n
ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)
\v
a l y s i s. h tm
ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
l #s tr i
\ooo
\xhh lexical_ a n
Character with octal value ooo
Character with hex value hh
Only recognized in string literals
\N{name} Character named name in the Unicode database
\uxxxx Character with 16-bit hex value xxxx
\Uxxxxxxxx Character with 32-bit hex value xxxxxxxx

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 No Separate Character Type

}
‘a long string’
str
‘x’

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 No Separate Character Type

}
‘a long string’
str
‘x’
l y o n e - e le m e nt
rac ter s” a re s i m p
“c h a
strings
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 Python Strings Are Unicode

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 Python Strings Are Unicode

UT F - 8 l i te ra l s

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 bytes
immutable sequences of bytes

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 Bytes Literals

b‘data’
b“data”

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 Converting Between Strings and Bytes

decode
str

bytes encode

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 Converting Between Strings and Bytes

decode
str

bytes encode

Encodings
m l#s t a n da rd- e nco d ing s
ra r y / cod e c s.ht
docs.python.org/3/lib
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Friday, July 26, 13
 list
mutable sequences of objects

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 List Literals

[a, b, c, d]

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 dict
mutable mappings of keys to values

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 Dict Literals

{k1: v1, k2: v2}

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 Dict Literals

keys
{k1: v1, k2: v2}

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 Dict Literals

keys
{k1: v1, k2: v2}

values
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 for-loop visit each item in a sequence

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 For-Loop Syntax

for ITEM in SEQUENCE:

...body...

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 Exit the REPL

Ctrl-Z

Ctrl-D

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 o g e t h er
g i t all t
P u  in

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o pe n( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s

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 Recall: Bytes Literals

b‘data’
b“data”

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 Recall: Converting Between Strings and
Bytes

decode
str

bytes encode

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s )
e c o d e (
y t e s . d
•b

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 o g e t h er
g i t a ll t
P u  in
l o p e n ( )
r l l i b. u r
• u
t a t e m e n t
h - s
• wit
• list op
•f o r - lo
. s p l i t ( )
• b y t e s )
e c o d e (
y t e s . d
•b l it ( )
t r . s p
•s

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 Summary: Strings and Bytes

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 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting

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 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation

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 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
 Rich variety of string methods

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
 Rich variety of string methods
 Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
 Rich variety of string methods
 Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
 bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
 Rich variety of string methods
 Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
 bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints
 bytes literals prefixed with a lowercase b

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Strings and Bytes
 Single- and multi-line string quoting
 Adjacent string literal concatenation
 Universal newlines
 Escape sequences for control characters
 Raw strings suppress the escaping mechanism
 Convert other types with the str() constructor
 Zero-based square-bracket indexing of strings
 Rich variety of string methods
 Python 3 source encoding is UTF-8I
 bytes is a sequence of bytes, str is a sequence of Unicode codepoints
 bytes literals prefixed with a lowercase b
 Convert str to bytes with encode(), bytes to str with decode()

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 Summary: Lists

[a, b, c, d]

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 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects

[a, b, c, d]

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 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
 List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas

[a, b, c, d]

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
 List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
 Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects

[a, b, c, d]

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
 List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
 Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
 Square-bracket assignment to replace objects

[a, b, c, d]

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
 List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
 Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
 Square-bracket assignment to replace objects
 Grow lists with append()

[a, b, c, d]

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Lists
 Lists are mutable, heterogeneous sequences of objects
 List literals delimited by square brackets, items separated by commas
 Zero-based, square-bracket indexing to retrieve objects
 Square-bracket assignment to replace objects
 Grow lists with append()
 Construct from other sequences using list() constructor

[a, b, c, d]

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 Summary: Dictionaries

{k1: v1, k2: v2}

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 Summary: Dictionaries
 Dictionaries associate keys with values

{k1: v1, k2: v2}

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 Summary: Dictionaries
 Dictionaries associate keys with values
 Literal dicts delimited by curly braces

{k1: v1, k2: v2}

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: Dictionaries
 Dictionaries associate keys with values
 Literal dicts delimited by curly braces
 Literal key-value pairs separated by commas, with a colon between each
key and value

{k1: v1, k2: v2}

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 Summary: For-loops

for ITEM in SEQUENCE:

...body...

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 Summary: For-loops

 Take items one-by-one from an iterable object, binding a name to the

current item

for ITEM in SEQUENCE:

...body...

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 Summary: For-loops

 Take items one-by-one from an iterable object, binding a name to the

current item
 Correspond to for-each loops in other languages

for ITEM in SEQUENCE:

...body...

Friday, July 26, 13

 Summary: For-loops

 Take items one-by-one fromNext

an iterable object, binding a name to the
time in
current item Python Fundamentals
 Correspond to for-each loops in other languages
functions
modules
execution model
for ITEM in SEQUENCE: command-line
arguments
...body...

Friday, July 26, 13