Differential Equations

15SCIB02C

Lecture 8

Chapter 3

Laplace Transforms and Laplace Inverse

With Applications
Equating the coefficients of s2
 Example (11)
Use the Laplace transform to solve each one of the following initial value problems:
1. y   2 y   y  4 e t , y0   2, y   0   1
Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the DE yields

 
. s 2Y ( s )  2 s  1  2  sY ( s )  2   Y ( s ) 
4
s 1

 
. s 2  2 s  1 Y ( s ) 
4
s 1
 2 s  3  ( s  1) 2 Y ( s ) 
4
s 1
 2 ( s  1)  1

4 2 1
.Y ( s )   
( s  1) 3 s  1 ( s  1) 2

Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get


. y (t )  e  t 2 t 2  2  t 
2. y   2 y   3 y  t , y  0   1, y  0   0
Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the DE yields

 
. s 2Y ( s)  s  2  sY ( s)  1   3Y ( s ) 
1
s2
  
. s 2  2 s  3 Y ( s ) 
1
s2
 s  2  ( s  3 ) ( s  1) Y ( s ) 
s3  2 s2  1
s2
s3  2 s 2  1 A B C D
.Y ( s )     
s 2 ( s  3 ) ( s  1) s 2 s s  3 s  1

s3  2 s 2  1 1 1
.A  
( s  3 ) ( s  1) s  0 (3) (1) 3

s3  2 s 2  1 27  18  1 5
.C   
s ( s  1)
2
s 3
(9) (4) 18

s3  2 s 2  1 1 2 1 1
.D   
s 2 ( s  3) s  1
(1) (4) 2

. A ( s  3 ) ( s  1)  B s ( s  3 ) ( s  1)  C s 2 ( s  1)  D s 2 ( s  3 )  s 3  2 s 2  1

in the last equation to get s 3 Compare the coefficients of

C  5 18 , D 1 2 2
. B  C  D  1    
 B 
9
13 2 9 5 18 1 2
.Y ( s )     
s2 s s  3 s 1
Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get
1 2 5 1
. y (t )   t   e 3t  e  t
3 9 18 2
Example (12)
Use the Laplace transform to solve each one of the following integral equations:
t
1. f  t   1  2  f  t    e  2  d
0

Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the integral equation yields
1 2
. F (s)   F (s)
s s2
 2  1  s  1 s2
.  1  F ( s )   F ( s )   F ( s ) 
 s  2  s  s  2  s s2
1 2
. F ( s )  
s s2
Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get f (t )  1  2 t

t
2. f t  e t
 2  f    cos  t    d
0

Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the integral equation yields
1 2s
. F (s)   2 F ( s)
s 1 s 1

 2s  1  s2  2 s  1  1 ( s  1) 2 1
1  2  F ( s)    F ( s)   2 F (s) 
 s 1  s 1  s 1 
2 s 1 s 1 s 1
.

. F ( s ) 
s2  1

 ( s  1)  1 2  1 ( s  1) 2  2 ( s  1)  2

( s  1) 3 ( s  1) 3 ( s  1) 3
1 2 2
. F ( s )   
s  1 ( s  1) 2 ( s  1 ) 3

Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get


. f (t )  e  t 1  2 t  t 2 
t
3. f  t   8 t e  4  f    e 4t    d
4t

Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the integral equation yields
8 4
. F (s)   F ( s)
( s  4 )2 s4

 4  8  s  8
.  1  F ( s )   F ( s ) 
 s  4  ( s  4 )2  s  4  ( s  4 )2
8 8 ( s  4)
. F ( s )  
s ( s  4) s
Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get

   
t t
f (t )   8 e 4  d 2 e 4  0  2 e 4t  1
0

t
4. f  t   6  6 cosh t  3  f    cosh  t    d
0
Sol. Taking the Laplace transform for both sides of the integral equation yields
6 6s 3s
. F (s)    2  2 F (s)
s s 1 s 1

 3s  6 6s  s2  3s  1  6
.  1  2  F (s)    2   F (s) 
 s 1  s s 1  s 1 
2
s ( s  1)
2

6 A Bs  C
. F ( s )    2
s ( s 2  3 s  1) s s  3s  1

6 6
.A   6
( s 2  3 s  1) s  0 1

. A ( s 2  3 s  1)  ( B s  C ) s  6

in the last equation to get s 2 Compare the coefficients of

A  6
. A  B  0   B  6
in the last equation to get s Finally, compare the coefficients of
A  6
.  3 A  C  0   C  18

  3 3 
  s   
6  s3  6   2  2 
 F (s)    6  2     6
  3  13 
2
s  s 3 s 1  s 
 s   
 2 4 
 3
6 s  
6
   2

9
.
s  2 2
3  13  3  13
s   s  
 2 4  2 4
Finally, take the inverse Laplace transform to get
 13 18 13 
. f (t )  6  e 3t 2  6 cosh t sinh t
 2 13 2 