International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 117 No. 21 2017, 231-241

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

A Fuzzy based MC-DPFC for Enhancement of Power

Quality in Transmission Line
1
G. Bharat Reddy, 2K.B. Madhu Sahu, 3C.H. Krishna Rao and 4K.B. Saikiran
1
Department of EEE,
AITAM Engineering College,
AP, India.
[email protected]
2
Department of EEE,
AITAM Engineering College,
AP, India.
[email protected]
3
Department of EEE,
AITAM Engineering College,
AP, India.
[email protected]
4
Department of EEE,
IIT Patna, Bihar, India.
[email protected]
Abstract
A new control scheme to improve and maintain the power quality of an
electrical power system by design of distributed power flow controller.
Generally, In case of modern power utilities have problems like challenges
in growth of electricity in case of non-linear loads in grid connected
systems. In this paper, we introduced a new series-shunt type FACTS
controller called as distributed power flow controller. This DPFC method is
same as the UPFC used to compensate the sag and swell voltage based
power quality problems. In DPFC, we eliminate the common dc link
capacitor and instead of single three phase series converter it has three
individual single phase converters. In this paper the control circuit is
designed by using series referral voltages, branch currents. The evaluated
values are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Key Words:DPFC, voltage sag and swell, power quality.

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1. Introduction
Because of power demand grows dramatically, and extension in transmission
and generation is restricted with the rigid environmental constraints and the
limited availability of resource. By considering the transmission i.e., the
transmission of electrical energy form generating stations to consumer points,
the term power quality is used to measure the quality of power and how the
system effected by transmission elements. From consumer side, the power
quality issue is concentrated about how the transmission line parameters such as
voltage, current and other are effected and deviated from their actual values due
to occurrence of disturbance.

For solving such type of power quality problem in literature point of view the
method based on the power electronic based equipment’s such as custom power
devices i.e. dynamic voltage regulator are used in both transmission and
distribution system.

However, the majority of power quality problems occurred in transmission and

distribution system are deviations in voltage such as sag and swell, and
harmonics generated in currents due to non-linear loads. For compensating
these problems compared all other devices the Flexible AC Transmission
System provides the efficient work. These are classified as Static compensator,
series-shunt controllers. Out of all these methods, this paper we presents a new
controller under series-shunt controller called as distributed power flow
controller.

Basically, the distributed power flow controller is a combination of one parallel

converter in combination with more number of series converters which is used
to compensate the problems in transmission line parameters.
Working of DPFC

The structure of DPFC system has following modification as compared with

UPFC i.e. common dc link capacitor is eliminated and it used for individual
converter using 3rd harmonic currents are injected in transmission for
exchanging active power exchange.

The DPFC is a combination of one parallel and multiple series converters. The
parallel converter is considered as STATCOM, while the series converters is
considered from the concept of DVR. Illustration. 1 shows the structure of
single machine system with DPFC.

The control capability of the Unified power flow controller such as back-to-
back combination of shunt and the series converters with a common DC link,
which is used for exchanging the power. To make that the DPFC also have the
same control capability like UPFC, i.e it doesn’t have common dc link
capacitor. Therefore, it is allows to exchange the active power through the AC
terminals of the converters.

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Figure 1: Basic Configuration of DPFC

Advantages of DPFC

The Distributed Power Flow Controller has the following advantages in

comparison with UPFC, such as:
1) High reliable to control

The distributed power flow controller has only alone to control all transmission
parameters such as line impedance, load angle and deviations in voltage.
2) More efficiency

The series converters redundancy increases the DPFC reliability during

converters operation [10]. It means, if one of series converters fails, the others
can continue to work.
3) Least Economy

2. Control Circuit for DPFC

According to illustration 2 the control strategies of Distributed Power Flow
Controller are classified in to mainly three types: i.e. 1) Main controller, 2)
DVR controller and 3) Static controller.

Figure 2: Control Diagram of DPFC

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These three controllers are explained as follows:

Central Controller

The central controller is used to control dvr and static controllers by generation
of referral signals (like series voltages and currents).
Series Controller

The main purpose of this series control technique is used to compensate the
voltage quality problems by maintain the voltage of capacitor in rated value.
This controller is operated based on the reference signals generated by capacitor
voltages in both direct and quadrature frame.

Generally, these series controllers has first order low pass and third order band
pass filters to create natural and 3rd order harmonic currents. The control
structure for series controller is shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: Block Diagram for Series Controller

Parallel Controller

The control structure for the shunt converter is as shown in figure 4. Main aim
of the shunt control is to inject a 3rd order harmonic current into the
transmission line to generate suitable active power to DVR converter.

The static converter is basically a three phase based converter and is back to
back connected with another single phase converter.

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Figure 4: Control Diagram for Shunt Controller

3. Fuzzy Logic Controller

Fuzzy controllers are normally built with the use of fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules
are conditional statement that specifies the relationship among fuzzy
variables. These rules help us to describe the control action in quantitative
terms and have been obtained by examining the output response to
corresponding inputs to the fuzzy controller. The basic block diagram of Fuzzy
Logic Controller is shown below.

Figure 5: Block Diagram of Fuzzy Logic Controller

The Fuzzy Logic Controller is applied in Load Frequency control of Two area
system, this analysis is done using different Fuzzy based rules using Linguistic
variable.

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4. Experimental Verification
In this we consider a case study such as creating a voltage dip condition by
implementing a three phase fault implemented in a single machine system and
analyzed observations are shown below. The experimental diagram is
implemented by basic diagram which is shown in figure 5.

Figure 6: Structure of DPFC

In this system the fault occur between the time 500ms to 1500ms. During this
fault time the voltage is goes to sag position as shown in figure 6. The
magnitude of this voltage is reduced by 0.65 percent of its nominal value during
this fault time.

Figure 7: Simulation Results for Voltage Sag Condition

Figure show the simulation result for output voltage by considering DPFC in
order to mitigate the or compensate the voltage sag problems.

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Figure 8: Simulation Results for Mitigation of Voltage Sag with DPFC system

During this fault time the load current rises its magnitude around 1.2% per unit.
The simulation results of load current in case of swell condition and mitigation
of load current problems are shown in figure 8 and figure 9.

Figure 9: Simulation Results for Current Swell Condition

Figure 10: Simulation Results for Mitigation of Current Swell with DPFC System

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Figure 11: Simulation Results for Active and Reactive Powers

Figure 12: THD of Load Voltage in Line2

Figure.12 shows the THD performance load voltage in line2. By using FFT
analysis, in DPFC, the odd harmonics are minimized in line2.
Table.1explains the difference between the THD values of current and voltage
without fuzzy and with fuzzy controller.
Table 1: THD Comparison Without and with Fuzzy
Parameters Without fuzzy With fuzzy
Current 17.19 6.79
Voltage 6.75 4.59

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5. Conclusion
In this paper we implemented a new concept for controlling power quality
problems by Distributed Power Flow Controller device. The proposed concept
of the DPFC approach is mathematically formulated and analyzed for voltage
dips and their mitigations for a three phase source with linear load. In this paper
we also proposed a concept of fuzzy logic controller for better controlling
action. As compared to all other facts devices the DPFC based Fuzzy has
effectively control all power quality problems and with this technique we get
the THD as 4.59% and finally the simulation results are shown above.

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